food security in india

Post on 07-Nov-2014

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With an Act on it, food security for poor in India would be paid proper attention by the Government and civil society. Jai Hind

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Food security means :

0 availability,

0 accessibility and

0 affordability of food to all people at all times.

2

Food Security is ensured in a country only if

0 Enough food is available for all the persons

0 All persons have the capacity to buy food of acceptable quality and

0 There is no barrier on access to food.

3

Need for Food Security:

0 For the poor sections of the society

0 Natural disasters or calamity like earthquake, drought, flood, tsunami,

0 Widespread crop failure due to drought

4

How drought affects food security Drought takes place

Total production of food

grains

Shortage of food in the affected areas

Prices

Some people cannot afford to buy food = Food

Insecurity 5

Starvation

0 If such calamity happens in a very wide spread area or is stretched over a longer time period, it may cause a situation of starvation.

6

Famine 0 A massive starvation might take a turn of famine.

0 A Famine is characterized by

1. widespread deaths and

2. epidemics

7

Famines and Starvation Deaths in India

0 Bengal Famine, 1943 -killed 1.5 million to 3 million 0 The Bihar famine, 1966-7 - 2,353 deaths due to starvation reported Starvation deaths have also been reported in: 1. Kalahandi and Kashipur in Orissa 2. Baran district of Rajasthan, 3. Palamau district of Jharkhand and many other remote areas during the recent years.

8

Food Insecure Groups

Worst Affected Groups:

0 landless people

0 traditional artisans

0 traditional services providers

0 petty self-employed workers

0 Homeless, beggars etc.

0 Families employed in ill-paid occupations

0 casual labourers (seasonal activities+ very low wages)

9

0 SCs, STs and some sections of the OBCs (lower castes among them) –having poor land-base or very low land productivity

0 Migrants ( as a result of natural disasters )

0 Women and children

10

States facing problem of food insecurity

0 Uttar Pradesh (eastern and south-eastern parts), Bihar,

0 Jharkhand,

0 Orissa,

0 West Bengal,

0 Chattisgarh,

0 parts of Madhya Pradesh and

0 Maharasthra

11

Hunger, another aspect of Food Insecurity

Inadequate diet for a long time

Poor people suffer from chronic hunger

Chronic Hunger Due agricultural

activities-rural regions & urban

areas- casual labour

When a person is unable to get work for the entire year

Seasonal Hunger

12

India’s attempts at attaining Food Security

Highest Growth

Punjab and Haryana

Tamil Nadu and Andhra

Pradesh

Low Growth

Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh

Bihar, Orissa and the N-E

states

Green Revolution: Foodgrain Production

13

India’s Food Security System

Buffer Stock

Public Distribution System

Food Security

System of India

14

How the Public Distribution System works:

Farmers or Producers

States

Fair Price Shops

F.C.I (maintains

Buffer Stocks)

Grains MSP

Allocates Grains

Central Issue Price

C.I.P Distributes Grains

15

Government schemes

0 PDS (initial Public Distribution System scheme)

0 RPS (Revamped Public Distribution System)

0 TPDS (Targeted Public Distribution System)

Special Schemes:

0 AAY (Antyodaya Anna Yojana)

0 APS (Annapurna Scheme)

16

17

Benefits from the PDS:

0 Stabilizes prices of food grains

0 Makes food available at affordable prices

0 By supplying food from surplus regions of the country to the deficit ones, it helps in combating hunger and famine

0 Prices set with poor households in mind

0 Provides income security to farmers in certain regions

18

Problems faced by PDS:

0 Problem of Hunger still exists in many areas of India

0 Food stock in granaries often above specified levels

0 Deterioration in quality of stored food grains if kept for longer time

0 High storage costs

0 Increase in MSP has led to shift from coarse grain to rice and wheat production among the farmers

0 Cultivation of rice has also led to environmental degradation and fall in the water level

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0 Average consumption of PDS grain at the all-India level is very low

0 Malpractices on part of PDS dealers:

Diverting the grains to open market to get better margin,

Selling poor quality grains at ration shops,

Irregular opening of the shops

0 Low Income families earning just above poverty line have to pay APL rates which are almost equal to open market rates – lower incentive to buy from Fair Price Shops

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