fig. 18.1(te art) pineal gland pituitary gland hypothalamus thyroid gland thymus adrenal glands...

Fig. 18.1(TE Art)

Pinealgland

Pituitarygland

Hypothalamus

Thyroid gland

Thymus

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Testes

OvariesGonads

Parathyroid glands

Fig. 18.3(TE Art)

Endocrine system

Endocrinecells

Hormone in bloodstream

Nervous system

Fig. 18.1(TE Art)

Pinealgland

Pituitarygland

Hypothalamus

Thyroid gland

Thymus

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Testes

OvariesGonads

Parathyroid glands

hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

StalkNeurohypophysis

Posterior lobe

Pars tuberalis

Anterior lobe

Adenohypophysis

Pituitary gland

Fig. 18.4a(TE Art)

Hypothalamohypophyseal tract

Posterior lobe

Paraventricular nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

Oxytocin

ADH

Anterior lobe

Oxytocin = uterus & mammary glandsAntidiuretic hormone = kidneys

Superior hypophyseal artery

Posteriorpituitary

Anterior pituitary

Releasing hormones

“go and do something”hormones

Fig. 18.6(TE Art)

Growth hormone

ACTHTSH

prolactinLiver

Fat, muscle,bone

LHFSH

TRHGnRH

CRH

Hypothalamus

Adrenalcortex

OvaryTestis

Thyroid

Mammarygland

IGF

Fig. 18.10a(TE Art)Adrenal gland

Kidney

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla• epinephrine• norepinephrine

Adrenal gland

Kidney

Adrenal cortex• mineralcorticoids• glucocorticoids• sex steroids

Adrenal medulla

Aldosterone (mineralcorticoid): kidney = retain Na, excrete K (water retained, BP)

Cortisol (glucocorticoid): fat & protein breakdown, glucose synthesis, fatty acid & glucoserelease into blood, help body adapt to stress, repair damaged tissues

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): weak testosterone = libido, 2nd sex characteristics

Cushing’s Syndrome – adrenal cortex – hypersecretion of cortisol

Thyroid

Thymus

Trachea

Thyroid gland Follicular cells: T3 & T4 – increase metabolic rateC cells: calcitonin – inhibits osteoclasts…..

Pharynx

Thyroid gland

Esophagus

Parathyroid glands

Trachea

Detect lowcalcium

Secrete PTH

• increase Ca absorption• inhibits Ca excretion• stimulates osteoclasts

Posterior view

Fig. 18.11a(TE Art)Bile duct

Duodenum

Head ofpancreas

Pancreaticducts

Body ofpancreas

Tail of pancreas

Pancreatic islet

cell-- insulin

cell -- somatostatin cell -- glucagon

Insulin: controls glucose transport into cells

Diabetes Type I: low or no B-cells, no insulin

Diabetes Type II: insulin insensitivity (receptor)• hyperglycemia• emaciation• atherosclerosis (fatty deposits)• ketoacidosis (low blood pH) = coma, death

Fig. 18.1(TE Art)

Pinealgland

Pituitarygland

Hypothalamus

Thyroid gland

Thymus

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Testes

OvariesGonads

Parathyroid glands