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Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. PREAMBLE
Minerals are the chief source of present phase of industrialization, and
play an important role in the present phase of the national economy and
overall development of the nation.
India is endowed with significant mineral resources. India produces 89
minerals out of which 4 are fuel minerals, 11 metallic, 52 non-metallic and
22 minor minerals.
Life Indices: Some Important non-fuel Minerals
S. No.
Mineral/Ore/Metal Recoverable reserves estimated as on 1.4.2000
( Based on exploration/prospecting)
Life Index (years)
. . Figure in million tonnes unless otherwise specified
1 2 3
1 Bauxite 2462* 211
2 Copper metal (tonnes)
5297,000 80
3 Lead metal (tonnes)) 2381,000 45
4 Zinc metal (tonnes) 9707,000 45
5 Gold metal (tonnes) 68* Not Estimated
6 Iron ore 13460* 131
7 Chromite Ore 97 46
8 Magnesite 245* 542
9 Manganese Ore 167* 47
10 Limestone 75679* 254
11 Phosphorite (Rock Phosphate)
142 79
12 Sillimanite 516* Very large
II Garnet 52* 90
16 Kyanite ( tonnes) 2817000* 265
17 Dolomite 4387* 438
18 Diamond (Thousand carats)
982* 19
* Recoverable reserves estimated as on 1.4.1995. Estimates as on 1.4.2000 under preparation.
M/s K.I. Agrawal is Lessee firm & the firm is partnership firms with all
three partners are Indian National. The firm is in the field of Mining and
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
2
marketing of mineral such as White Clay, Ochre and Laterite Mine etc
since long time. Details of name and address of partners are given below:
1. Shri Badri Prasad S/o Shri Moolchand Agrawal, VPO Jaitwara, Dist.
Satna (MP)
2. Shri Mahesh Prasad S/o Shri Moolchand Agrawal (Nominated
Owner) VPO Jaitwara, Dist. Satna (MP)
3. Shri Durga Prasad S/o Shri Moolchand Agrawal, VPO Jaitwara, Dist.
Satna (MP)
Agreement of lease was executed on 21/07/1998 for a period of 20 years.
Thus lease period is 21/07/1998 to 20/07/2018. Date of opening of mine
is 10/12/1998 and this mine is still running.
15.30 Ha of mining lease area is located in Khomarha Village, Amarpatan
Tehsil, under Satna District (MP), which includes khasara number 751,
752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 762, 763 & 764 (15.30Ha).
The above land use is non-forest govt. Revenue land.
In order to assess the likely impacts on environment due to ongoing
mining activity and to have a tool of environment management, M/s K.I.
Agrawal has submitted the Rapid Environment Impact Assessment study
report for mining project.
2. LOCATION
The applied area of Khomarha (15.30 ha) confined to the part of
Vindhyachal plateau which is situated on the northeast part of the State of
MP. The applied area is located in Amarpatan Taluka of Satna district in
Madhya Pradesh.
District/State Taluka Village Khasara No Area in acres
Satna (MP) Amarpatan Khomarha 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756,
757, 758, 759, 760, 762, 763 & 764
15.30 Ha
Total 15.30 Ha
The ML area is located in Survey of India Toposheet No. 63 H/7.
Geographically, the mine is located between the following coordinates:
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
3
Latitude 24o16’32” North
Longitude 81o15’54” East
Altitude 354-342
3. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The applied area of Khomarha mine(15.30 heat) under reference is in
North east side of Khomarha Main village temple and primary school. This
is mostly waste land having lateritic out corp. Three seasonal water
channels pass from the area, which drain rainwater during the rainy
season. Few huts and one dug well are located in southwestern part of the
area. Three stacks of mineral are there placed west of the working pit.
Plantation of few Eucalyptus plants is there in western part of the area.
The topsoil and shrubs and bushes cover area. River Son (8 Km South)
forms the main drainage feature of the area.
Details of Project Settings
S. No. Particulars Details
1 Latitude 24o16’32”
2 Longitude 81o15’54”
3 Height above mean sea level 354-342 AMSL
4 Nearest City Beohari about 32 km and Govindgarh 26 km in North direction
5 Nearest Railway Station Beohari - 32 Km
6 Nearest Airport Khajuraho located at about 176 km from the mines by road.
7 Nearest Highway State highway Beohari to Govindgarh
8 Nearest Village Khomarha is 1.0km
9 Hills/Valley No
10 Ecological Sensitive Zone No national parks and sanctuary
11 Reserve Forest Govindgarh RF-4km -N
12 Historical Place No
13 Nearest River/ Nalla Son River – S- 8 km Marhawal Nadi– EN
14 Annual Climatic Conditions Max. Temperature – 47.5oC Minm Temperature – 9.0 oC Avg. Rainfall–1600-1800 mm RH (%) – 100% -7%
4. TRANSPORT
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
4
The applied area is approachable by all weather roads from Satna & Rewa.
Beohari to Govindgarh state road passes from Khomarha, which is located
at a distance of 32 Km from Beohari. The Nearest PWD rest house is in
Beohari 32 km south of the area. Nearest Railway station Beohari is 32
km situated on Katni-Singroli broad section of west central railway. Village
Khomarha is 1.0 m southwest of the area. Area falls in jurisdiction of
police station Govindgarh, 26 km north of the area. Schooling facility, post
office facility, medical facility, telegrams and telephone facility are
available in village Khomarha, 1.0km southwest of the area. Nearest
Airport facility is in Khajuraho 176 km.
5. REASON FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
The impact of mine on the environment depends to a large extent on its
location with respect to Human settlements, meteorological conditions,
ambient air quality, water bodies, agricultural and forest land etc.
Most of the adverse impacts of mines are amenable to technological
control by providing necessary preventive and control measures and
finally through effective environmental management of the operating
mines. Keeping in view the likely impacts of mines on environment, this
Rapid environment impact assessment report has been prepared for
submission to State Pollution Control Board and Ministry for Environment
and Forests (MoEF) for clearance of the proposed expansion of production.
6. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
6.1 RESERVES
Method of Estimation of Reserve:-
Though the mining plan was approved for white clay and reserves of white
clay was estimated in the approved mining plan. But during the mining
existence of laterite and traces of ochre was noticed in the area.
Agreement of lease was executed for white clay, laterite and ochre. In
light of past mining reserves of white clay, laterite and ochre is estimated.
Area was divided in to blocks named as block A & B. Thus about 1.9020ha
area was considered mineralized area for which reserves of white clay
were estimated by graphical method in to proved, probable and possible
category as per mining plan. Recovery of mineral was taken 75% by
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
5
volume remaining 25% volume was waste in the form of murrum. Bulk
density of white clay was 2.1 tonnes per cubic meter. Details of reserves
are mentioned below as per mining plan:
Category Reserves of white clay in MT
Proved 104849
Probable 52424
Possible 97358
Total 2546341
Depletion of Reserves during the period of mining plan
Production achieved during the period of mining plan is depletion of
mineral reserves from the geological reserves.
Date of opening of mine is 10-12-1998 accordingly mining operations
commence from 98-99.
Production details of last 7years
Year Production in MT
White clay Ochre Laterite
98-99 4700 105 Nil
99-2000 10035 390 10
2000-01 12100 Nil Nil
01-02 15300 Nil 1250
02-03 10620 205 9408.040
03-04 10975 70 3574.390
04-05 4845 80 1852.570
Additional reserves established
In the approved mining plan, reserves of minerals was estimated based
on the exploration carried out as on date of preparation of approved
mining plan by taking 1.9020ha area which is increased to 4.9675ha,
based on exposures of mineral seen in the working pit and in adjoining
area by taking the lateral influence of working pit. Reserves of mineral are
estimated freshly by taking influence of pits excavated during the period
of mining plan.
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
6
About 4.9675ha area is considered as mineralized area. Reserves of white
clay, Ochre and laterite are estimated in proved category only. Full
thickness of mineral is proved in working pit therefore reserves of mineral
are estimated in proved category only. Three meter thickness of laterite is
considered and about 18 meter thickness of white clay with traces of
ochre is taken. Recovery of laterite is about 20% and remaining 80%
volume is considered as waste in the form of murrum, which exist as
capping over the white clay. Recovery of white clay is 74% volume with
traces of ochre amounting about 1% by volume. Remaining 25% volume
considered as waste in the form of murrum. Bulk density of laterite is
2.7tonnes per cubic meter and bulk density of white clay and ochre is
2.1tonnes per cubic meter.
Thus reserve of mineral are estimated for 4.9675ha area mineralized
area, remaining 10.3325ha area considered as unexplored area.
Laterite (Proved)
About 1 to 1.5 m thickness of laterite is seen in the TP-1 located in north
western part of the area, about equal depth wise thickness is considered
below the floor of pit, accordingly 3m thickness of laterite is taken in the
proved category within the mineralized area.
White clay and Ochre
About 18m thickness of mineral is proved in the existing working pit A
which is considered for estimation of proved reserve within the
mineralized area. Along with white clay traces of ochre are seen
amounting about 1%.
Details of reserves of white clay, laterite and ochre are mentioned below:
Reserves of Laterite
Category Area in Ha
Thickness in m
Volume in m3
Murrum waste 80%
Laterite 20% m3
Laterite in tonnes
Ore depleted in T
Left reserves in T
Proved 4.9675 3 149025 119220 29805 80474 13973 66501
Reserves of white clay and ochre
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
7
Category
Area in Ha
Thickness in m
Volume in m3
Murrum waste 25%
Volume of minerals in m3
Tonnage of minerals
Ore depleted in T
Left reserves in T
Clay 74%
Ochre 1%
Clay 74%
Ochre 1%
Clay 74%
Ochre 1%
Clay 74%
Ochre 1%
Proved
4.9675
18 894150
223537
661671
8942 1389509
18778
134485
1793 1255024
16985
Minerals Reserves in MT
Laterite 66501
White clay 1255024
Ochre 16985
Total 1338510
Above reserves are geological reserves of the mineral within the lease
area. Mineable reserves are estimated after deducting the reserves
blocked in the benches and 7.5m barrier zone area, from the geological
reserves.
Grade:
White clay and Ochre of the area is of white wash grade and laterite of the
area is of cement grade. The average range of chemical composition of
mineral should be as under
Laterite White Clay
LOI 13.52 4.1
SiO2 12.18 67.90
AI2O3 8.20 18.20
Fe2O3 59.21 6.40
TiO2 6.14 2.8
UD 0.75 0.6
TOTAL 100 100
Mineable reserves and anticipated life of the mine:
Mineable reserves calculated after deducting mineral blocked in barrier
zone areas, and maintaining slope of benches from the total geological
reserves. Mineable reserves are calculated for effective thickness of
proved reserves.
Ore blocked in benches and barrier zone within the lease area are
calculated graphically, slope of benches is considered 45 degree.
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
8
Detail of reserves after deducting the mineral blocked in benches and
mineral blocked in barrier zone from the total geological reserves are
given below:
Mineable reserve for Block - A
Geological reserves in T
Blocked in barrier zone in T
Blocked in benches in T
Category
Lat. Clay Ochre Lat. Clay Ochre Lat. Clay Ochre
Proved 66501 1255024 16985 15552 268531 3629 19950 502009 6794
Left reserves in MT
Laterite White clay Ochre
Total
30999 484484 6562 522045
Therefore total Mineable Reserves (in year 2006) : 522045 T
522045 T @14000 T/year = 37 years
Anticipated life of mine will be: - Life of the mine works out to 37 years
effective from year 2006.
The working of anticipated life of mine is on preliminary studies. After
exploration as proposed in this mining plan, of bed ore deposit and dump
ore deposit, the total reserves are likely to go up and life of mine will
increase accordingly.
6.3 Salient Features of the mine
Salient Feature of the mine
S. No. Particulars Details
1 Type of Mine Open Cast
2 Mining Lease Area 15.30Ha
3. Mineable Area 4.9675 Ha for Block A
4. Existing Pits & Quarries 0.8715 Ha
5. Existing Dumps Nil
6. Infrastructure and road 0.06
7. Plantation 0.42Ha (200no.)
8. Barren Land 13.9485 Ha
9. Geological Reserve 1338510.00 tonnes
10. Mineable Reserve (Proved Category)
522045T
11. Method of mining Manual
12. Ultimate Depth of Mining in lease period
14.5mbgl (327.5mRL)
13. Ultimate Pit Slope 45o
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
9
14. Present capacity of mines 14000 tonnes per annum
15. Expected Life of Mines 37 years (from 2006)
16. Lease Period 20 year (1998-2018)
17. Thickness of overburden
Minimum 0.5 m
Maximum 1.0 m
Average 0.5 m
18. Existing mode to transportation of White Clay, Ochre & Laterite
Road
19 Area to be covered under dumps in
lease period
Nil
20 Area to be reclaimed by lease
period end
0.2262ha
21 Area to be covered under plantation by lease period end
0.9+ 0.2262=1.1262ha
22 Altitude (elevation) 354-342m
23 Ground water table
Monsoon period 2 m bgl (340mRL)
Dry month 4 m bgl (338mRL)
6.4 Mining Method
a) Existing mining operations are being carried out by open cast manual
method of mining, using hand tools such as chisel, Hammer, crowbar
and spades etc. Lifting of mineral from pit floor to loading point is
being done manually. Truck/ dumper are doing dispatch of minerals to
various destinations. So far one working pit (115x75x15-20m.) has
been developed in northern part of the area.
Production:
The production of White Clay, Ochre and Laterite achieved during the
1998 to 2005 period is given below:
Production detail of Last seven years
Year Production in MT
White clay Ochre Laterite
98-99 4700 105 Nil
99-2000 10035 390 10
2000-01 12100 Nil Nil
01-02 15300 Nil 1250
02-03 10620 205 9408.040
03-04 10975 70 3574.390
04-05 4845 80 1852.570
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
10
(A) The mining activity for Bed ore deposit will consist of: -
1) Removal of overburden, soil & waste rocks to the dumpsites.
2) Removal of mined ROM to surface yard for proper breaking,
sizing, sorting.
3) Preparing grade wise stacks of ore for delivery.
4) De-watering of the working pits
5) The average angle of dip is 45 degrees.
b) Future Planning: Mining operations were commenced from 10-12-98,
accordingly three years period is passes after the rest of the two-year
period of subsequent scheme of mining. Thus mining operation is
proposed for the next two years period.
Proposed mining will be carried out by open cast manual mining
method using hand tools such as spades, hammer, crowbar chisel etc.
Thus existing method of mining will be continued.
Proposal of mining is suggested along the northern part of the pit A.
Northern face of pit A will be extended towards north for the
production of mineral white clay and ochre. Though the Laterite is
there in the lease agreement but at the location where the proposal of
mining is given, negligible to nil quantity of Laterite is there, hence
proposal of production of Laterite is not given. Thus during the
proposed mining, production of white clay and ochre will be achieved.
Recovery percentage of mineral is anticipated based on the excavation
carried out during the past period, thus recovery of white clay will be
74% by volume recovery of ochre will be 1% which exist as traces,
along with white clay remaining 25% volume will generate as waste in
the from of murrum.
Dumps of topsoil will be placed in northern battier zone area. Murrum
waste generated from second and third bench will be utilized for
already excavated western barrier zone area of pit A. mine waste
generated along with white clay and ochre will be utilized for
reclamation of already excavated eastern barrier zone area of pit A.
Garland drain and retaining wall be made along the proposed soil
dump, proper slope of dump will be maintained which will provide
stabilization to dumps. Plantation of 10 trees per year will be done in
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
11
eastern barrier zone area mineral is soft in nature therefore blasting is
not required for proposed mining.
6.4.1 Year wise development / production for the first five years: -
Proposal of mining is given covering the 3250m2 area along the northern
face of pit A. During the fourth year about 1300m2 area will be developed
the northern part of Pit A, during the fifth year 1950m2 area towards north
in continuation of area developed in fourth year. During the fourth and
fifth year, one development bench of 1m height in soil and two
development benches each of 1.5m height in murrum waste will be made.
Three production benches will be made in mineral. The figures are
rounded of the nearest zero.
Year wise development for the first two years
Year Development in Soil cum
Development in Waste rock cum
Total Development Cu. m.
1 1300 4059 5359
2 1950 5535 7485
Total 3250 9594 12844
Year wise Production on the basis of year wise development and sections,
the production anticipated is as under
Year wise production for the first two years
GRADED 75 % MT
Year Ore zone Excavation in m3
Mine waste 25 % cum
White clay 74%
Ochre 1%
White clay 74%
Ochre 1%
1 6777 1695 5038 74 10570 142
2 6912 1823 5418 79 11378 153
Total 12689 3518 10456 153 21948 295
(Out of total production of white clay 74 % and ochre 1% will be readily
marketable & about 25% will be mineralized rejects & other waste
consisting of siliceous impurities, waste intercalations, mining loss etc.)
6.5 Proposed Rate of Production
It will be about 14000 tonnes per year of saleable ore for full year after
complete development of the mines.
6.6 Post Land Use Plan for Mining Lease Area of 15.30 Ha
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
12
Land use of lease area
Items Existing At the end of
2nd year
At the end of
lease period
Total Mineable area (for Block A)
4.9675 ha
Mineable Reserve 522045 tonnes 499802 tonnes 359802 tonnes
Ultimate depth of mining
15-20 (one old pit)
8.5 14.5m
Ultimate pit slope 450 450 450
Area under dumps Nil 0.2877Ha Nil
Area under pits 0.8715ha 1.0903ha 1.6453ha
Overburden quantity
Nil 16362cum 25370 cum
Area to be reclaimed
Nil 0.1062ha 0.2262ha
Infrastructure & Road
0.0045 0.0045ha 0.01ha
Plantation 0.4200 0.018ha 1.1262ha
6.7 Loading
Loading of ore will be done manually to the trolley/trucks and will be
sending to the end users. The overburden will be removed and stacked in
a place in the surface. Subsequently it will be manually loaded to the
tipper for onward dumping to the predetermined space in the lease
boundary.
6.8 Hauling/Transport
The ore will be transported to the sorting yards by means of tubs on
tracks.
6.9 Blasting
Mineral is soft in nature and so far blasting & drilling is not adopted and
will not require for proposed mining.
6.10 Mine Drainage
About three seasonal water channels are there in the area, drains rain
water either sides during the rainy season. Proposed mining will not cause
adverse effect on seasonal water channels. No prominent surface water
course exist in the area therefore there will be no effect of mining on
water regime.
Area falls in moderate ground water potential zone. Depth of ground
water level is seen at RL 340m, proposal of mining is given up to RL
335.5m in mining scheme and up to 327.5mRL in lease period, thus
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
13
seepage of ground water will take place in to working pit, also rain water
may get accumulated in to working pit which dried after some time
naturally. Water accumulated in to working pit will be dewatered using
5HP pump having capacity to lift 10000liter/Hr. Drain water will pass
through the settling tank thus heavy particle will settle before discharge of
drain water thus siltation of agricultural fields will be avoided up to some
extent. Settling tank proposed towards north west of the working pit A.
6.11 Solid Waste Management
During the past mining generation of sub grade mineral is not seen hence
it is anticipated that no sub grade mineral will be generate during the
proposed mining.
Top soil, murrum waste and mine waste generated during the past mining
was used for maintenance of mine road and approach road. Thus no
existing dump lies in the area.
During the proposed mining about 3250cum top soil, 9594cum murrum
waste and 3518cum 25% mine waste along with white clay will generate.
Top soil will be place in the form of one dump for each year in northern
barrier zone. Garland drain and retaining wall will be made along the soil
and waste dumps, it will avoid the run off of loose particle. Mine waste will
be used for reclamation of already excavated barrier zone area.
During the lease period about 11393cum waste along with laterite and
about 8031cum mine waste along with white clay will generate, same will
be used for reclamation purpose. During the lease period about 5400cum
top soil will generate which will be used for reclamation purpose. Area
reclaimed using mine waste will be covered by the top soil reclamation.
Detail of soil dump:
Year
Quantity in m3
Length in m Width in m Height in m
Angle of slope
Location Dump no
Top Bottom Top Bottom
4th 1300 123 164 5 7 1.5 35 North SD-4
5th 1950 185 247 5 7 1.5 35 North SD-5
6.12 Resource Requirement
The present proposal is of existing mining activity at mining lease area of
15.30 ha at village Khomarha tehsil Amarpatan, district Satna, MP. For
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
14
efficient operation of the Mines all necessary utilities will be made
available, a brief description of the same is given below:
a) Storage facility
It is proposed to provide adequate storage facilities for the excavated
mineral, explosives and waste dumps, which is generated/used during
mining process. Proposed excavated minerals and waste dumps will be
kept in the proposed mining lease area.
b) Project Cost
Details of expenditure of the project
Project Estimated Cost in Lac of
Rupees
Mining of White Clay, Ochre & Laterite
16.81
c) Electric system
MP State Electricity Board is making the power requirement for the
project.
d) Water Supply
The total fresh water needs to be pumped is about 6 KL per day for
consumption of domestic and mining purpose. This quantity of water will
be taken from the ground water. The details of water balance of existing
/proposed mining project are given below:
WATER BALANCE OF MINING PROJECT
Process Total
a) Mine Site
Dust suppression 4000 lit 5000 lit
Green Belt 1000 lit 1000 lit
b) Domestic
Drinking & Toilet 1000 lit 1000 lit
Total (A + B) 6000 lit 7000 lit
Waste water Generation From Domestic Uses 600liter 700liter
e) Land Requirement
S. No. Khasara No. Area in Ha.
Ownership/Type Occupancy
1 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756,
757, 758, 759, 760, 762, 763,
764
15.30 Govt. Non-forest waste Land
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
15
f) Implementation Period
It is planned to start the mine after environmental clearance.
h) Employment Potential
The mining establishment present opportunities of employment to various
posts under various cadres’ viz. management, supervisory, skilled
workmen, semi skilled workmen and unskilled workmen beside casual
workmen.
Employment Potential
1 Part time Mining Engg. 1 No.
2 Mining mate 1 No.
3. Time keeper 1 No
4 store men –cum First Aider 1 No.
5 Mali & Watchman 1No.
6 Un Skilled labour 45 No.
7 No. of working days 300
8 Targeted annual production 14000 tonnes/annum
9 No. of per shift per day One shift
7. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT SCENARIO
7.1 Climate
This is a meteorological observatory in the district at Satna and the
records of this observatory may be taken as fairly representative of the
conditions prevailing in the district in general.
The brief discussion over the meteorological condition of the area is as
below:
• Temperature: There is a steady increase of temperature after
February. May is the hottest month with the mean daily Maximum
temperature at 42.3°C and the mean daily minimum at 27.2°C. On
individual days during the summer season the day temperature may
go above 47.5°C.
• Relative Humidity: During the monsoon season relative humidity
generally exceeds 82 percent. The air becomes drive after the
withdrawal of the southwest monsoon. The driest part of the year is
the summer season when in the afternoon’s relative humidity is less
then 25 percent.
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
16
• Rainfall: Monsoon in the area comes from south-westerly winds. The
average annual rainfall based on the last 10-year IMD data, was
observed to be 1600-1800 mm. The monsoon sets in the month of
June and continues till mid observed in the evenings, with clear
mornings. During the monsoon season, both in the mornings and
evenings, the skies were found to be clouded.
• Cloud: 30 years average data reveal that maximum cloud cover was
observed around 7.8 oktas in the month of July, august. Whereas
cloud cover was observed around 2 (in oktas) in the month of
November, December, January, February and March.
The details of Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall and Cloud
cover and wind speed /direction during study period are shown in the
Table no. 3.2
• Wind Pattern: Generally light to moderate winds prevails throughout
the year. Winds were light and moderate particularly during the
morning hours. While during the afternoon hours the winds were
stronger. During the southwest monsoon winds blow from directions
between southwest and northwest. In the rest of the year winds are
often from directions between north, northwest and southeast.
• Wind Patterns during study period : The predominant directions of
wind were observed from NW, SW and N.
7.2 AIR QUALITY
To establish the ambient air quality, sampling and testing were conducted.
Air sampling stations were established at eight (8) locations around the
proposed mining area to assess the background air pollution levels.
COMPARISON OF AIR SAMPLING RESULTS WITH CPCB NORMS
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 CPCB Norms
Indl. &
Mixed used
area
Residen
tial &
Rural
Area
15th March To 14th Jun,2008
SPM Concentration
Average 115.83
111.08
103.37
117.41
119.41
142.20
131.58
132.87
500
200
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
17
Maximum 136 138 120 136 140 166 140 148
Minimum 96 90 88 100 96 102 108 106
RPM Concentration
Average 51.33 56.92 48.25 61.91 60 68.16 73.83 71.16
Maximum 66 72 62 78 80 90 92 92
Minimum 36 42 40 46 40 48 52 42
150 100
SO2 Concentration
Average 7.59 8.4 7.81 9.33 9.19 10.48 11.13 11.47
Maximum 8.8 9.6 8.4 11.4 10.1 11.8 12.4 12.8
Minimum 6.4 7.24 7.1 8.6 8.2 9.1 10.4 9.9
120
80
NOX Concentration
Average 5.76 9.7 8.62 13.71 10.51 14.09 13.89 14.55
Maximum 6.9 10.6 9.3 15.2 13.4 15.3 15.9 16.2
Minimum 5 8.8 8.1 12.9 9.2 12.9 12.6 13.2
120
80
7.3 NOISE LEVEL
Ambient noise levels were measured at different locations (same as
ambient air monitoring locations for two days on hourly basis) to establish
present scenario which shall be described as follows.
� All the values are well within the norms prescribed by CPCB for
industrial and commercial area.
� Main source of noise are traffic movements.
7.4 WATER QUALITY
Surface Water
It has been observed that there are two perennial river exits in the entire
study area. In addition, most of the water bodies are dry during the
summer months excluding those water bodies (worked out quarries),
which are situated in the study area. These water bodies are filled with
rainwater and seepage/discharge water from abandoned mine works.
The Surface water bodies in the study area are mainly Son River, which is
flowing, in South direction at about 8 km and Marhawal Nadi, which is
flowing in Northeast direction at about 6km from the lease area. The
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
18
water from Son River and Marhawal Nadi are used for domestic as well as
drinking purpose.
The data conform to the water quality standards for most of the
parameters. The dissolved oxygen levels range between 5.1 to 5.8 mg/l,
Total Hardness ranges from 92 to142 mg/l; BOD levels are as ND. The
heavy metal content has been observed within the limit. The analysis of
the sample indicates that the organic pollution of River is insignificant. The
physico-chemical and biological analysis revealed that all the parameters
are well within the prescribed limits of IS: 2296.
Ground Water
Water supply in the most of the villages depends on ground water
resources. Well water is used for domestic as well as irrigation purposes.
Ground Water quality analysis was carried out at 5 locations and the
frequency of sampling was once /month/station. Ground water samples
were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological
parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities
on ground water. The samples were collected and analysed as per the
procedures specified in “standard Methods for the examination of water &
Wastewater” published by American Public Health association (APHA). pH
in ground water sample was observed to be in the range 8.1 to 8.4 while
conductivity was observed in the range of 440-585 µmohos/cm. The
value of alkalinity and hardness were observed in the range of 143-188
mg/l and 157 to 192 mg/l respectively. Whereas heavy metal was found
to be within the limit.
The physico-chemical and biological analysis revealed that all the
parameters were well within the prescribed limits of IS: 10500.
7.5 SOIL QUALITY
Five locations within 10 km radius of the project site were selected for soil
sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three
different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and
homogenized. The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and
chemical characteristics. For general characterisation of soil a few random
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
19
samples from the study area to the depth of about 15 cm were collected.
Soil samples so collected were brought to the laboratory for analysis.
Physical characteristics of soil samples are delineated through specific
parameters, viz., particle size distribution, texture, bulk density, porosity
and water holding capacity. The predominant texture of soil in study area
is sandy clay.
Regular cultivation practices increase the bulk density of soil, thus
inducing compaction. This results in reduction in water percolation rate
and penetration of root through soil. The bulk density of soil in the region
is in the range of 1.26-1.34 g/cm3, which is considered as moderate.
Soil porosity is a measure of air filled pore spaces and gives information
about movement of gases, inherent moisture, and development of root
system and strength of soil. The water holding capacity and porosity of
soil are in the range of 35.8-40.6% and 32.4-42.4%.
7.6 FLORA AND FAUNA
The applied area is mostly barren waste land with bushes and shrubs.
There are several Sal trees in the lower side of the small valleys and nalla
banks. A part of Govindgarh reserve forest is found north of the applied
area at 4km distance.
Agriculture is mainly concerned with following crops. Only rain fed crops
are grown in buffer zone. Core Zone is barren waste land with laterite
exposures.
Maize, Kodo, Rice, Gram, Tuar, Masoor, Alsi, Mustard and coarse paddy
etc.
Fauna
Local Fauna include the following:-
Earthworm, Black ant, Cricket, White ant pet ant, butterflies, Centripedes,
Snail, Snack Peock, House Crow Koel and Indian Myna etc. Wild life has
been reported in forest area. Wild Animals like Bear has been reported to
visit the applied area now and then.
7.7 LAND USE PATTERN
Present landuse pattern of the 15.30hectares mining lease area is as
given below:
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
20
Land Use Pattern of Mining Lease Area
Items Existing At the end of
5th year
At the end of
lease period
Total Mineable area 4.9675 ha
Mineable Reserve 522045 tonnes 499802 tonnes 359802 tonnes
Ultimate depth of
mining
15-20 (one old
pit)
8.5 14.5m
Ultimate pit slope 450 450 450
Area under dumps Nil 0.2877Ha Nil
Area under pits 0.8715ha 1.0903ha 1.6453ha
Overburden quantity
Nil 16362cum 25370 cum
Area to be reclaimed
Nil 0.1062ha 0.2262ha
Infrastructure & Road
0.0045 0.0045ha 0.01ha
Plantation 0.4200 0.018ha 1.1262ha
The study area covers about 6338 ha. For computation of the land use
pattern in the study area based on the village-wise land-use data given in
the census records, the geographical area of all settlements covered
within the study area, though many villages in the peripheries of the
circular study area are partially covered. Perfect delineation and
quantification of land uses for the partially covered parts of villages of the
study area is not possible, hence the entire village area is considered for
the study, irrespective of its coverage within the village boundary.
The land use is classified into four types – viz. forests, area under
cultivation, culturable waste and the area not available for cultivation. The
land under cultivation is further sub-divided into two types viz. irrigated
and un-irrigated.
Land-use Pattern in the Study Area
S. N. Particulars Study Area
(ha)
Percentage
Coverage
1. Forest Land 588 9.28
2. Land under Cultivation
a) Irrigated Land 474 7.48
b) Un irrigated Land 3436 54.21
3. Culturable Waste Land 865 13.65
4. Area not available for cultivation 975 15.38
Total Area 6338 100
7.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
21
The study area comprises of total 22 Villages. These villages fall under
one tehsil – Amarpatan. The demographic details have been abstracted
from Primary Census Abstract- 2001(CD) of MP, obtained from Office of
Registrar General India, New Delhi.
The salient features of the study area are as follows:
• Total population of the villages in the study area is 22635
• The total no of household in the study area is 4444
• Sex ratio (no. of females per 1000 males) is 954
• The literacy rate in the study area is 59.27%
• The percentage of scheduled tribe in the study area is 18.08%
while only 13.76% population is of scheduled caste
• Out of total population maximum people are workers i.e.
41.49% Followed by main workers 69.59% and marginal
workers 31.41%.
ESTIMATED BASIC STATISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA
1. Households
2. Population
Male
Female
3. Schedule Tribe
4. Schedule Cast
5. Literacy Rate
6. Occupational Pattern:
(A) Total Working Population
i) Cultivators (% of Total worker)
ii) Agricultural Labors (% of Total worker)
iii) House hold Labors (% of Total worker)
iv) Other Workers (% of Total worker)
(1) Main workers
(% of total Working population )
(2) Marginal Workers
(% of total Working population)
(B) Total Non Working population
7. Sex ratio (No. of female per 1000 male
4444
22635
11582
11053
4092
3114
59.27%
41.49%
33.01%
45.87%
5.66%
15.45%
69.59%
31.41%
58.51%
954
DIFFERENT AMENITIES IN STUDY AREA
1. Total No. of villages 22
2. EDUCATION
Primary Schools
17
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
22
Middle Schools
Higher Secondary Schools
Sr Secondary School
Degree College
4
2
2
0
3. HEALTH FACILITIES
Hospitals
P.H.Cs & Adl. P.H.Cs
0
10
4. POLICE STATIONS 1
5. POSTAL FACILITIES
Post Offices
Telegraph Offices
02
0
8. IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Mining activities is bound to have an adverse impact on existent
environment. An understanding of the nature and extent of various
impacts is essential in devising the methods and advance planning to
mitigate the impacts and ultimately restore the land to useful conditions.
9. IMPACT EVALUATION
An attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of project in terms of
both quality and quantity by using modified matrix method for crucial
environmental parameters. The environmental impact evaluation of
possible effects as a result of proposed mining area is primarily based on
study of objectives, process, surrounding environment etc. The aspects
such as water, air, land and related issues have been assessed on the
basis of mining operations for similar activity. The environmental impacts
identify the possible relationship of proposed mining operations with
respect to environmental parameters. Their relationship can be beneficial
or adverse and can be further classified as short term, long term,
reversible, irreversible, local or regional. The evaluation of the impact of
proposed activity are presented in Table below
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
23
10. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Reclamation of Land
Presently mining is being carried out by open cast manual method using
explosive in the mining lease area. The area proposed to be excavated in
at the end of lease period is about 1.6453 Ha. Presently the area covered
by pits and queries is 0.8715 ha. While, the Area covered by the top soil
and waste dumps are about nil because top soil, murrum waste and mine
waste generated during the past mining was used for maintenance of
mine road and approach road. Thus no existing dump lies in the area.
Considering the rate of production, it has been estimated that almost 218
cum of overburden will be generated average on monthly basis.
Reclamation will be done.
Detail of proposed reclamation during mining and lease period are
mentioned below:
Propose reclamation during mining scheme
During the proposed mining about 3250cum top soil, 9594cum murrum
waste and 3518cum 25% mine waste along with white clay will generate.
Proposed reclamation using murrum waste
Year Quantity cum
Area in m2 Height in m Location
4th 4059 30x10=300 14 NE
5th 5535 41x10=410 14 NE
Total 710m2
Proposed reclamation using 25% mine waste
Parameters Weight PIU
Baseline EIU
(a)
Without EMP EIU
(b)
With EMP
EIU (c)
Change EIU
(c-b)
Change EIU
(c-a)
Biological Environment
300 205 186 210 24 +5
Environmental Pollution
450 344 315 346 31 2
Aesthetic 100 78 67 77 10 -1
Human Interest 150 119 111 129 18 10
Grand Total 1000 745.25 674.25 750.25 76 +5
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
24
Year Quantity cum
Area in m2 Height in m Location
4th 1695 22x7.5=165 11.5 NE
5th 1823 25x7.5=178 10.0 NE
Total 352m2
Thus total 1062m2 (0.1062ha) areas reclaim during proposed mining.
Proposed reclamation during lease period
During the lease period about 11393cum waste along with laterite and
about 8031cum mine waste along with white clay will generate, thus
19424cum mine waste will be used for reclamation purpose. Same area
will be reclaimed by top soil (5400cum) generated during the lease period.
Proposed reclamation using murrum waste
Year Quantity cum
Area in m2 Height in m Location
Lease period 19424 30x40=1200 16.0 North eastern part
Total 1200m2
Area to be reclaimed using mine waste 1200m2 (0.12ha)
Proposed reclamation using Top soil
Year Quantity cum
Area in m2 Height in m
Location
Lease period
5400 1200 3.5 Over already reclaimed area using mine waste
Total 1200m2
Thus total 1200m2 (0.12ha) area reclaimed using mine waste will be
covered by top soil reclamation. Thus total 0.2262ha (0.1062+0.12) area
will be reclaimed during lease period.
Excavated area, where backfilling is not feasible, that area will be left as it
is for collection of rainwater. Proposed activity is carried out at shallow
depth. Post mining land use envisaged for following purposes:
1. Area to be covered by dumps - nil
2. Area to be reclaimed - 0.2262ha
3. Area to be rehabilitated by way of afforestation -1.1262 Ha
4. Area to be converted in to water reservoir – 1.4191ha
10.2 Green Belt Development
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
25
The afforestation is carried out in a systematic and scientific manner by
digging pits of 45cm*45cm*45cm manually at the interval 2m*2m*2m.
The details of year wise area mined out, reclaimed and nos. of sapling
planted area as under:
Interval of Mining Operation
Reclaimed Mine Pit Area
Afforestation other than Reclaimed Area
Area (ha)
No. of Saplings
Area (ha)
No. of Saplings
1 to 5 years
- - 0.05 50
5 to 10 years
0.1062 100 0.70 700
10 to the end of the lease period
0.12 150 0.15 150
Total
0.2262 250 0.9 900
An average of 2000trees/ha will be planted as against barren land which
is existed prior to mining operation with in mining leasehold area.
Post plantation cares that will be followed are:
• Fencing of plantation areas
• Using of Cow dung manure and fertilizer like urea and NPK for
batter growth of the sapling
• Pesticides are regularly sprayed to protect the plants form different
insects.
• Regular watering of the plants
• Local species are chosen which can grow easily on the available soil
• Regular watch and ward
10.3 Measures to Improve Socio-Economic Conditions
The impacts of the project would be felt in an integrated manner on the
socio-economic environment in the study area. There is no village in core
zone and further no displacement is required for the proposed project and
therefore impact will be positive side rather negative. The impacts on the
different components viz employment, housing, educational, and medical
and transport facilities, fuel availability, economics, status, health
agriculture is not significant because size of project is very small.
However, it would definitely increase the employment opportunity
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
26
(primary as well as secondary) in the project area. Some of these
impacts would be beneficial.
• The project will have a strong positive employment and income
effect, both direct as well as indirect.
• Migrant-Non migrant ratio shall shift towards migrant side. This will
happen because of (i) better employment opportunities due to this
project and (ii) relatively low agricultural yield through traditional
agricultural practice with monocrops.
• The project shall speed up the growing view on importance of
education among people in study area.
• The project is going to bring about changes in the pattern of
demand from food to non-food items if sufficient income is
generated.
• The project is not going to influence the existing traditional
agricultural situation significantly. It may help to improve
agricultural production by way of providing additional income to the
farms from supplementary sources.
• People perceive that the project will bring handful gains by way of
creating significant job opportunities along with development of
social infrastructure.
10.4 Air Pollution Control Measures
Following measures shall be taken to mitigate the effect of mining
operation over ambient air environment:
1. Regular spraying of water by water sprinkling system over haulage
roads.
2. To reduce dust generation during loading operation water shall be
sprayed over the muck pile to the loaded;
3. To reduce dust generation during plying of dumpers on the haul
road. Water sprinkling is done at frequent intervals. Water
sprinklers shall be installed at the mine haulage road;
4. To reduce spread of dust, plantation along the mining lease
boundary and plantation shall be also done along haul roads.
5. Periodic maintenance of haulage roads.
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
27
6. All over burden dumps shall be stabilized with legumes and grass to
prevent the erosion of soil and arrest the dust emission during
windy days.
In addition to the above following additional mitigation measures shall be
adopted and it is expected to continue in future also:
1. Dust due to drilling shall be minimised by using wet drilling method
like water injection system.
2. Dust mask shall be provided to all workers working in dusty
atmosphere.
3. Tree Saplings shall be planted at the periphery of mining lease
4. Regular maintenance of vehicles and machinery’s shall be carried
out in order to control emissions;
5. A good house keeping and proper maintenance shall be practiced
which will help in controlling pollution.
10.5 Noise Pollution Control Measures
The main sources of noise in mining activity are loading equipment, etc.
Following mitigation measures should be taken to control noise pollution:
1. All moving parts of machine shall be properly lubricated;
2. Non-moving parts of machine shall be properly fastened;
3. A barrier of overburden at mine boundaries shall be made and
three rows of trees are proposed to be planted to reduce
propagation of noise;
4. Noise barriers, silencers and enclosures shall be incorporated for
equipments, which emit high noise levels.
5. All the basic equipments and various machinery shall be kept well
maintained.
6. Thick green belt around the mining pit and along the haulage roads.
7. As far as possible heavy and noisy workers shall be avoided during
nighttime.
8. Unnecessary use of horns by the drivers of the vehicles shall be
avoided.
10.6 Water Pollution Control measures
Executive Summary for 15.30ha Khomarha White Clay, Ochre & Laterite mine
(14000 MTPA) of M/s K.I. Agrawal, Satna (MP)
28
Following measures have been taken to avoid accumulation of water:
1. Pump having required capacity shall be installed to lift accumulated
rain water from working pit.
2. There shall not be no over flow on wash off from dumps nor is there
any beneficiation plant. Only rainwater is pumped out of the mine;
3. There is no toxic constituent in water and soil so water collected in
sump is free from any toxic substances.
4. A silt-settling tank shall be constructed in northern barrier zone
area to settle heavy particle before discharging water into drain.
5. Quality of water accumulated in the working pit may be checked
during monsoon.
6. It shall be ensured that silt content in the mines discharged is
minimum.
7. It shall be ensured that quality of drinking water for the worker is
hygienic and good sanitation system is available.
11.0 Conclusion
The White Clay, Laterite & Ochre mining project of M/s K.I. Agrawal,
village –Khomarha, Tehsil Amarpatan, Satna District (MP) will be
environmental compatible to the surrounding due to the high standards of
pollution control measures to be adopted during the operation activity.
Thus it can be safely stated that the mining activities will not have any
adverse effect on the surroundings, if the proper environmental
management plan is adopted.
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