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Bachelor Thesis
Equivalent Circuit Description for SMD-Components
By
Owais Imam
Supervised byProf. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Solbach
Department of Microwave and RF- Technology
University of Duisburg-EssenDuisburg, 07.07.2008
07.07.2008 Owais Imam2
Contents of the Thesis
Introduction to SMD ComponentsAim of the ThesisS-Parameters and CalibrationEquivalent circuit models and measurements for different types of SMD resistors as well as capacitorsSimulations and ResultsConclusion
07.07.2008 Owais Imam3
Introduction to SMD Components
Through-Hole Technology
07.07.2008 Owais Imam4
Introduction to SMD Components
Surface Mounted Technology (SMT)
07.07.2008 Owais Imam5
Introduction to SMD Components
Advantages of SMDsLimitations of SMDsWhy use Surface Mounted TechnologyIdentifying SMDsSoldering SMD ComponentsSMT needs more skills
07.07.2008 Owais Imam6
Aim of the Thesis
To calculate the parasitic elements for:0603 type resistors0805 type resistors0603 type capacitors0805 type capacitors
Frequency range from 50 MHz to 10 GHz
07.07.2008 Owais Imam7
S-Parameters and Calibration
What are S-Parameters?Why do we need S-Parameters forcalculating the Parasitic Elements?CalibrationImportant considerations
07.07.2008 Owais Imam8
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
Introduction to SMD ResistorsResistor Model for measuring S-Parameters
07.07.2008 Owais Imam9
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
Micro-Strip Gap
Electronic Component on Micro-strip gap
07.07.2008 Owais Imam10
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
Equivalent circuit of the Model
Simplified circuit of the Model
CC5C=? pF
CC3C=? pF
CC6C=? pF
CC2C=? pF
CC4C=? pF
RR1R=47 Ohm
LL1
R=L=? nH
CC1C=? pF
CC2C=? pF
CC3C=? pF
LL1
R=L=? nH
CC1C=? pF
RR1R=47 Ohm
07.07.2008 Owais Imam11
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
S-Parameter (S11 & S22) measurements of 0603 type 51 Ohms Resistor
2 4 6 80 10
-9
-8
-7
-10
-6
freq, GHz
dB
(S(1
,1))
2 4 6 80 10
-9
-8
-7
-10
-6
freq, GHz
dB
(S(2
,2))
ΩΩ
07.07.2008 Owais Imam12
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
S-Parameter (S21 & S12) measurements of 0603 type 51 Ohms Resistor
2 4 6 80 10
-6
-5
-4
-7
-3
freq, GHz
dB
(S(2
,1))
2 4 6 80 10
-7
-6
-5
-4
-8
-3
freq, GHz
dB
(S(1
,2))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam13
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
Introduction to SMD Capacitors
Capacitor Model for measuring S-Parameters
Equivalent circuit of Capacitor
07.07.2008 Owais Imam14
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
Simplified circuit of the Model
Simplified circuit of the capacitor model
RR1R=? Ohm
LL1
R=L=? nH
CC2C=? pF
CC3C=? pF
CC1C=1 pF
07.07.2008 Owais Imam15
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
S-Parameter (S11 & S22) measurements of the 0603 type 10pF capacitor
2 4 6 80 10
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
-60
0
freq, GHzdB
(S(1
,1))
2 4 6 80 10
-30
-20
-10
-40
0
freq, GHz
dB
(S(2
,2))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam16
Equivalent circuit models and measurements
S-Parameter (S21 & S12) measurements of the 0603 type 10pF capacitor
2 4 6 80 10
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
-12
0
freq, GHzdB(S
(2,1
))
2 4 6 80 10
-8
-6
-4
-2
-10
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,2
))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam17
Simulations and Results
Theory of OptimizationError Function (Least Squares Method )Explanation of theSet Up
07.07.2008 Owais Imam18
Simulations and Results
Set Up VARVAR1L1=0 {o}
EqnVar
S2PSNP1File="H:\ADS\owais_prj\data\R0603_51R.ds"
21
Ref
R
R1R=51 Ohm
VARVAR3Cpar=0 {o}
EqnVarVAR
VAR2C1=0 {o}
EqnVar
GoalOptimGoal4
RangeMax[1]=6 GHz
RangeMin[1]=50 MHzRangeVar[1]="freq"Weight=Max=0Min=
SimInstanceName="SP1"Expr="dB(S12 ) - dB(S34)"
GOAL
GoalOptimGoal3
RangeMax[1]=6 GHz
RangeMin[1]=50 MHzRangeVar[1]="freq"Weight=Max=0Min=
SimInstanceName="SP1"Expr="dB(S21 ) - dB(S43)"
GOAL
Goal
OptimGoal2
RangeMax[1]=6 GHzRangeMin[1]=50 MHzRangeVar[1]="freq"Weight=
Max=0Min=SimInstanceName="SP1"Expr="dB(S22 ) - dB(S44)"
GOAL
Goal
OptimGoal1
RangeMax[1]=6 GHzRangeMin[1]=50 MHzRangeVar[1]="freq"Weight=
Max=0Min=SimInstanceName="SP1"Expr="dB(S11 ) - dB(S33)"
GOAL
OptimOptim1
SaveCurrentEF=no
UseAllGoals=yes
UseAllOptVars=yesSaveAllIterations=noSaveNominal=noUpdateDataset=yes
SaveOptimVars=yesSaveGoals=yesSaveSolns=noSetBestValues=yesNormalizeGoals=no
FinalAnalysis="SP1"StatusLevel=4DesiredError=0.0MaxIters=300ErrorForm=L2
OptimType=Random
OPTIM
LL1
R=L=L1 nH
C
C1C=C1 pF
TermTerm4
Z=50 Ohm
Num=4
TermTerm3
Z=50 Ohm
Num=3
C
C3C=Cpar pF
C
C2C=Cpar pF
TermTerm1
Z=50 Ohm
Num=1
Term
Term2
Z=50 OhmNum=2
S_ParamSP1
Step=100 MHzStop=10.0 GHz
Start=50 MHz
S-PARAMETERS
07.07.2008 Owais Imam19
Optimization of 0603 type 51 Ohms Resistor
2 4 6 80 10
-9
-8
-7
-10
-6
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,1
))dB
(S(3
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-9
-8
-7
-10
-6
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,2
))dB
(S(4
,4))
2 4 6 80 10
-6
-5
-4
-7
-3
freq, GHz
dB
(S(2
,1))
dB
(S(4
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-6
-5
-4
-7
-3
freq, GHz
dB
(S(1
,2))
dB
(S(3
,4))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam20
Results for 0603 type 51 Ohms Resistor
L1 (nH) C1 (pF) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values
0.776 0.112 0.097
Error function 0.3128
07.07.2008 Owais Imam21
Optimization of 0603 type 100 Ohms Resistor
2 4 6 80 10
-9
-8
-7
-10
-6
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,1
))dB
(S(3
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-8.5
-8.0
-7.5
-7.0
-9.0
-6.5
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,2
))dB
(S(4
,4))
2 4 6 80 10
-6.0
-5.5
-5.0
-4.5
-6.5
-4.0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,1
))dB
(S(4
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-6.5
-6.0
-5.5
-5.0
-4.5
-7.0
-4.0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,2
))dB
(S(3
,4))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam22
Results for 0603 type 100 Ohms Resistor
L1 (nH) C1 (pF) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values 1.03 0.09 0.0023
Error function 0.4587
07.07.2008 Owais Imam23
Optimization of 0603 type 200 Ohms Resistor
2 4 6 80 10
-4.5
-4.0
-3.5
-5.0
-3.0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,1
))dB
(S(3
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-4.5
-4.0
-3.5
-5.0
-3.0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,2
))dB
(S(4
,4))
2 4 6 80 10
-10.5
-10.0
-9.5
-9.0
-8.5
-11.0
-8.0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,1
))dB
(S(4
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-11
-10
-9
-12
-8
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,2
))dB
(S(3
,4))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam24
Results for 0603 type 200 Ohms Resistor
L1 (nH) C1 (pF) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values
0.85 0.022 0.0062
Error function 0.3764
07.07.2008 Owais Imam25
Results for 0805 type 47 Ohms Resistor
L1 (nH) C1 (pF) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values 0.39 0.072 0.047
Error function 0.3820
07.07.2008 Owais Imam26
Results for 0805 type 100 Ohms Resistor
L1 (nH) C1 (pF) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values 0.54 0.051 0.0026
Error function0.4258
07.07.2008 Owais Imam27
Results for 0805 type 220 Ohms Resistor
L1 (nH) C1 (pF) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values 0.40
0.0380.0001
Error function 0.3776
07.07.2008 Owais Imam28
Optimization of 0805 type 1pF capacitor
2 4 6 80 10
-40
-30
-20
-10
-50
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,1
))dB
(S(3
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-50
10
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,2
))dB
(S(4
,4))
2 4 6 80 10
-30
-20
-10
-40
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,1
))dB
(S(4
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-30
-20
-10
-40
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,2
))dB
(S(3
,4))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam29
Results for 0805 type 1pF capacitor
L1 (nH) R1 (Ohms) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values
1.004 0.753 0.048
Error function 0.3847
07.07.2008 Owais Imam30
Optimization of 0805 type 10pF capacitor
2 4 6 80 10
-40
-30
-20
-10
-50
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,1
))dB
(S(3
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-40
-30
-20
-10
-50
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,2
))dB
(S(4
,4))
2 4 6 80 10
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
-12
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,1
))dB
(S(4
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
-12
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,2
))dB
(S(3
,4))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam31
Results for 0805 type 10pF capacitor
L1 (nH) R1 (Ohms) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values
0.495 0.404 0.028
Error function 2.9913
07.07.2008 Owais Imam32
Optimization of 0805 type 100pF capacitor
2 4 6 80 10
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
-60
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,1
))dB
(S(3
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
-60
0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,2
))dB
(S(4
,4))
2 4 6 80 10
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
-2.5
0.0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(2,1
))dB
(S(4
,3))
2 4 6 80 10
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
-2.5
0.0
freq, GHz
dB(S
(1,2
))dB
(S(3
,4))
07.07.2008 Owais Imam33
Results for 0805 type 100pF capacitor
L1 (nH) R1 (Ohms) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values
0.174 0.127 0.014
Error function 6.898
07.07.2008 Owais Imam34
Results for 0603 type 1pF capacitor
L1 (nH) R1 (Ohms) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values
0.746 0.684 0.065
Error function 0.4578
07.07.2008 Owais Imam35
Results for 0603 type 10pF capacitor
L1 (nH) R1 (Ohms) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values
0.384 0.376 0.031
Error function 3.5564
07.07.2008 Owais Imam36
Results for 0603 type 100pF capacitor
L1 (nH) R1 (Ohms) Cpar (pF)
Initial values 0 0 0
Optimized values
0.125 0.109 0.014
Error function 5.9851
07.07.2008 Owais Imam37
END
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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