enzymes metabolism reactions in your body what are enzymes? protein catalyst act on substrates...

Enzymes

Metabolism

• Reactions in your body

What are Enzymes?

• Protein catalyst • Act on substrates

(reactants) • End in ASE

– Ex. Lactase digest lactose • HOW?

Lower “Activation Energy”

6

Enzymes

FreeEnergy

Progress of the reaction

Reactants

Products

Free energy of activation

Without EnzymeWith Enzyme

Enzyme Substrate Complex

Enzyme Substrate Complex

Enzymes are Specific!

• Active Site• Induced Fit

Enzymes can be REUSED

• Product is release

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 A B C D E F G

A product can be used as a substrate for another enzyme

Factors Effecting Enzymatic Speed

• Temperature • pH• Substrate concentration • Enzyme Concentration

WILL DISCUSS these 2 WHEN WE GET BACK (IN OUR LAB)

Temperature• Enzymes are PROTEIN • Heat too high they can

denature

pH

• Enzymes work best at an ‘optimal’ pH

• Proteins can denature

Substrate Concentration

• The more substrate the more reaction

• Once all of the enzymes are being used the reaction cannot increase

Enzyme Concentration

• Control by phosphorylation

• Activate Add Phosphate (energy from ATP)

Enzyme Inhibition • Noncompetitive• Competitive

Feedback Inhibition

• Activity of enzyme can be regulated by its end product

Enzyme Cofactors

Help enzymes function

– Inorganic • Copper, Zinc, Iron

– Organic- Coenzymes • Vitamins

Pellagra

Scurvy