chemical reactions and enzymes. chemical reactions processes that change one set of chemicals into...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemical Reactions
And Enzymes
![Page 2: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chemical Reactions
Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
Reactants Products (bonds break) (new bonds form)
![Page 3: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Energy in Reactions Some reactions release energy -often spontaneously
Some reactions absorb energy -need an energy source
What significance do these energy changes have for living things?
![Page 4: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Activation Energy
The energy needed to start a reaction
![Page 5: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Enzymes
Some reactions are too slow or have activation energies that are too high
Catalyst – a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
![Page 6: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Enzymes (cont.)
ENZYMES (proteins) act as biological catalysts
They speed up chem.rxns. inside cells Lower the activation energy They are very specific (catalyze 1
reaction) See pg. 51, Figure 2-20
![Page 7: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CO2 + H2O H2CO3
![Page 8: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Enzyme Action
Reactants need enough energy for bonds to break
Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react (active site)
The site reduces the energy needed Substrates -the reactants of
enzyme-catalyzed reactions (ex. Hexokinase, pg. 52-53)
![Page 9: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Enzyme-Substrate complex
![Page 10: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Enzyme Activity
Enzymes can be affected by any variable that influences a chemical reaction. Denatured
examples: pH, temperature change Enzymes in human cells work best at
37°C (normal body temp.) Lew-port enzymes
![Page 12: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cells have proteins that help turn enzymes on and off
Enzymes are important in:-regulating chemical pathways
-making materials that cells need-releasing energy
-transferring information-form tissues-fight disease
![Page 13: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Hydrolysis of GelatinProteases-enzymes that
break down other proteins into smaller polypeptides, amino acids
Isolated from strains of Bacillus bacteria-stable at High Temp
-can be genetically engineered
![Page 14: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stable at alkaline pH, various temps.
Added to laundry detergents
Can be genetically engineered
![Page 16: Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. Chemical Reactions Processes that change one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants Products (bonds](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062409/5697c0281a28abf838cd7175/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
http://http://homepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/anatomy2textbook/AAcidsProteins.htmlhomepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/anatomy2textbook/AAcidsProteins.html