environmental instruments - spain
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Environmental Instruments -Spain
Presented by
Anupam Kumar
Roll No - 557
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Some Facts
Spain's commitment for the period of the Kyoto Protocol to
restrict increases in emissions to 15% of 1990 levels in 2008-
2012 window has failed . Its still 30% higher
Of all European countries, Spain currently has furthest to go to
meet its Kyoto targets.
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About Policy Instruments :
Environmental
PolicyInstrument
AdministrationBased(CAC)
Incentive based
Prescription of standards
And behaviours Price signals to promote standardsAnd behaviour
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About Policy Instruments
Incentive Based
Price Based Quantity Based
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Policy Instruments - Spain
Regulated Substance Rate Use of revenues
SOx TAX:
1001-50000T : $35/T
Above 50000T : $39/T
Regional Budget
Pollutant spill in coastal waters Rate varies with content andquantity of spill
Funds spill cleanup and seaquality improvement
Motor fuel and other energy products Gasoline: Leaded $465/m3
Unleaded $427/m3
Gas oil : $91/m3
General Budget
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Policy instruments -Spain contd.
Regulated substance Rate Used of revenues
New Automobiles 7% of sale price General Budget
Income Tax Credit & deductions :
There is provision of deduction for investments in environmental protection
Which is upto 10% of the total investment
Tax Differentiation :
Motor fuels VAT reductions and exemption are applicable
Reduced rate for public transport(7%)
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Where Spain stands
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GHG Emission levels
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
GHG Emission ('000
tonnes)
Year
GHG Emission Trend
Total GHG Emissions 380 380 397 404 420 434 426 437 405 368
GHG from Energy Sector 287 290 308 311 329 343 333 343 316 283
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source : EEA
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GHG Emissions
Considerable investments in environmental infrastructure
As a result of Crisis
Due to promotion of renewable resources of energy, mainly
Hydropower
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Air Pollution Levels
Air Pollution Trend
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
AirPullutionLevel('000Tonnes)
Source : EEA
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Generation of Waste
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Genration of waste (Kg
per Capita)
Year
Waste Generation
Total 3763 3648 3276
Hazardous 73 91 80
Non- Hazardous 3690 3557 3196
2004 2006 2008
Source : EEA
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Waste Generation Vs Waste Treatment
120,000
125,000
130,000135,000
140,000
145,000
150,000
155,000
160,000
165,000
2004 2006 2008
Waste Generated
Treatment of Waste
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Water Abstraction
30,000
31,000
32,000
33,000
34,000
35,00036,000
37,000
38,000
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Year
MnCubicmete
rs
Gross Abstractionof Fresh Water
Source : EEA
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Water Protection
Water Management reforms and investments in this area are
not being administered properly
Water quality in rivers is substandard and ground water is being
used up faster than its getting replenished
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Environmental Protection Expenditure
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Euro/inhabitant
Env Protection Exp 36.32 35.86 46.17 47.13 52.5 54.85 59.82 67.74 69.11
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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Environmental protection
Expenditure(% of GDP)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
% of GDP
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Exp as % of GDP
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Environmental Tax Revenue
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
Total Env Taxes 13,811 14,183 15,184 16,100 16,857 17,630 18,396 19,124 17,840 17,163
Energy Taxes 10,974 11,243 12,117 12,822 13,344 13,674 14,092 14,639 14,185 14,014
Transport taxes 2,738 2,872 2,922 3,113 3,379 3,814 4,130 4,287 3,490 3,006
Taxes on Pollution 99 68 145 165 134 142 174 198 165 143
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
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References
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/45/46/44686629.pdf
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/45/46/44686629.pdfhttp://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/45/46/44686629.pdfhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/
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