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DNV GL © 2014 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENERDNV GL © 2014 Lofot - Load Measurements on floating offshore turbines /2015-04-16.ppt
ENERGY
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind TurbinesChallenges with Respect to IEC 61400-13
1
Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Peter Link
DNV GL © 2014
Industry consolidation
2
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
Load-Measurements Load-Simulation
Measurements for validation of numerical tools
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Aerodynamic impactNo meteorological mast available Data classification into
wind speed bins Data classification into
turbulence intensity bins Determination of wind
direction and connected filter-criteria
Air density due to missing air pressure and air temperature information
Hydrodynamic impact An Impact to consider in
addition to WS and TI? 3 dimensional Capture
Matrix? Ws TI Wave height Current speed?
Movement in 6 dof For recording of
turbine behavior adaption of instrumentation necessary
Will effect procedures for determination of calibration factors
Additional longitudinal forces
Effect of floating structure to procedure of load measurements:
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Aerodynamic impactNo meteorological mast available Wind speed and
Turbulence Intensity Data classification
into wind speed bins Data classification
into turbulence intensity bins
Wind direction Determination and
connected filter-criteria
Air density due to missing air
pressure and air temperature information
Nacelle based LiDAR
Floating LiDAR
Nacelle Anemometry
Wind speed:
• Tilt-Angle• Roll-Angle• Volume
• Distance WEC-LiDAR
• Angle of LiDAR-Beam
• Nacelle-Effects
TurbulenceIntensity:
Increase of uncert.Volume Measure>>Uncert.
Increase of Uncert. due to Volume Measurement
Increase of Uncert.
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Aerodynamic impactNo meteorological mast available Wind speed and
Turbulence Intensity Data classification
into wind speed bins Data classification
into turbulence intensity bins
Wind direction Determination and
connected filter-criteria
Air density due to missing air
pressure and air temperature information
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
TI vs. Power TI vs. wind speed
TI vs. timeNacelle LidAR on WINDFLOAT
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Aerodynamic impactNo meteorological mast available Wind speed and
Turbulence Intensity Data classification
into wind speed bins Data classification
into turbulence intensity bins
Wind direction Determination and
connected filter-criteria
Air density due to missing air
pressure and air temperature information
Nacelle based LiDAR
Floating LiDAR
Nacelle Anemometry
Wind direction: • Directmeasurement of Yaw-Misallignment
• WD to correct with orientation and position of buoy
• Wind vane effected by nacelle and rotor
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Aerodynamic impactNo meteorological mast available Wind speed and
Turbulence Intensity Data classification
into wind speed bins Data classification
into turbulence intensity bins
Wind direction Determination and
connected filter-criteria
Air density due to missing air
pressure and air temperature information
Nacelle based LiDAR
Floating LiDAR
Nacelle Anemometry
Air Pressure and air temperature
• Effected by Nacelle
• Air Pressure and air temp. correct
• Wind vane effected by nacelle and rotor
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Movement in 6 dof Instrumentation• Gyroscope and Inclination-Sensors for monitoring
• Heave / Surge / Sway• Pitch / Roll / Tilt
• Dual differential GPS for monitoring • Position• orientation
• Additional measures to be monitored• Longitudinal forces• Floater-Signals (e.g. Mooring lines, strain gauges, …)
ProceduresCommon procedures are effected by 6 DOF:• Pitch-Rotation for determination of calibration factors• Yaw-Rotation for determination of calibration factors• …
Data-Analyes• Additional effects will reflect in additional uncertainties• …
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
Hydrodynamic impactStorm “Britta” – 2006-11-01
FINO 1+20 m C.D.
C.D. = LAT
Lowerplatform +15 m C.D.
10 m
20 m
0 m
Hs = 9.77m
Hmax~16 m
Obvious Relevance
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
Hydrodynamic impactStorm “Britta” – 2006-11-01
FINO 1+20 m C.D.
C.D. = LAT
Lowerplatform +15 m C.D.
10 m
20 m
0 m
Hs = 9.77m
Hmax~16 m
Wavebuoy
ADCP(ground based)
ADCP(horizontal)
Wave Radar
Waveheight X X X X
Wavedirection X X - X
CurrentSpeed X X X -
CurrentDirection X X X -
Changing distance and direction to
Floater
Changing distance and direction to
Floater
Changing orientation
Changing orientation
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Instrumentation• Wave height• Wave direction• Current speed• Current direction• …
Procedures to be defined for • Bin-Classification of hydrodynamics
• Ws-bins• Wave-frequency-bins
• …
Data-AnalysesHow to consider hydrodynamic impact in addition to aerodynamic impact• 3rd dimension next to WS and TI
3 dimensional Capture Matrix (ws, TI, Ws)? 4 dimensional Capture Matrix (ws, TI, Ws, Wf)?
• …
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConslusion
Hydrodynamic impactStorm “Britta” – 2006-11-01
FINO 1+20 m C.D.
C.D. = LAT
Lowerplatform +15 m C.D.
10 m
20 m
0 m
Hs = 9.77m
Hmax ~16 m
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
Data Analyses
How to use measurements for validation of numeric models?
Analyses of additional measures• Hydrodynamics
• Wave height (significant wave height)• Wave direction• Current speed• Current direction
• Aerodynamics• E.g. rotor aquivalent wind speed
• Floater• E.g. tension of mooring lines
• Turbine• E.g. longitudinal forces
Adaption of procedures to floating situation Aerodynamic impact
• Determination or/and correction of TI / WS / rotor equivalent ws Hydrodynamic impact
• consider hydrodynamic impact in addition to aerodynamic impact 3 dimensional Capture Matrix (ws, TI, Ws)?
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
Uncertainies Evaluation of uncertainties• Additional aspects
• No met mast• Different procedures
Procedure for uncertainty-evaluation to be• Reviewed under consideration of measuring and simulating aspects
• E.g. definition of TI• E.g. defining measuring program
• …
Additional measures in one equation will result in increase of uncertainties
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
Load-Measurements Load-Simulation
Measurements for validation of numerical tools
How to use measurements for validation of numerical models
Adjustment of Measurements and/or Model
DNV GL © 2014
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
Adaption ofInstrumentation
Adaption ofProcedures
Adaption ofAnalyses
Evaluation of Uncertainties
DNV GL © 2014
Measurementsfor
Model Validation
accurate / affordable / reliable
DNV GL Certification
DNV GL Measurements
Turbine Manufacturer
Floater Manufacturer
Load Measurements on floating offshore Wind Turbines (LofoT)
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
AdaptionofInstrumentation
Adaption ofProcedures
Adaption of Analyses
Evaluation of Uncertainties
Standards &
Guidelines
DNV GL © 2014
Continuous monitoring of the structural integrity and periodical inspections on offshore wind turbinesContinuous monitoring of the structural integrity and periodical inspections on offshore wind turbines
Copyright: Elsam A/S
Current CommonProcedure
Effects of Floating Structure to
- Instrumentation- Procedures- Data analyses
Data Analyses And
UncertaintiesConclusion
DNV GL © 2014
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
www.dnvgl.com
Thanks for your attention!
15 April 2015Private and confidential
20
Dipl.-Ing. Hans-Peter Link Deputy Section Head, Loads & Power PerformanceDNV GL - Renewables Advisory
E-mail hans-peter.link@dnvgl.comMobile +49 160 4713041 | Direct +49 4856901 46
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