energie in ontwikkeling sopra-project

Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural Applications

Energie in ontwikkeling:

het SOPRA project

Partnerships: Mid and large scale production

NL+ EU universities EIT (European Institute of Technology)

ISO 9001:2000 certified ISO/TS 16949 in partnership

EXENDIS B.V. Ede, The Netherlands.

Marketing & Sales

R&D Small Series Production

After Sales

EXENDIS:

info@exendis.com

Keesomstraat 4

6710 BB Ede

The Netherlands

Phone: +31 318 676111

Fax: +31 318 624615

HOT NEWS:

EXENDIS power converter business unit overgenomen door ALFEN b.v.

miv nov 2011

22-11-11

Wie/wat is Alfen

  Specialist in transformatorstations (met Nederland als thuismarkt)

  130 werknemers   Omzet 2010 ca. €40.000.000   Opgericht in 1937 en naar Almere in 1983   Onderdeel van TBI (sinds 1971)   TBI is een bouw en installatietechniek concern

met €2 mld omzet en 10.000 medewerkers dat vooral in Nederland actief is.

Producten   Diabolo Compactstations

in 2010 ongeveer 1400 stuks   Entrado Betreedbare stations

in 2010 ongeveer 200 stuks   Beheer en onderhoud   Innovatieve, specifieke oplossingen t.b.v. elektrische infrastructuur   Turn key levering (ms)netaansluitingen   Reeks Sicuro producten voor 10kV WKK aansluitingen   ICU laadpunten

Klanten   Energiebedrijven 60%

  Enexis   Alliander   Stedin/Joulz   Delta, NRE, Rendo

  Glastuinbouw 30%   Overig 7%

  Petrochemie   Rail (bovenleidingschakelaars)

  Export 3%

Kracht van Alfen   Kennis van het eindproduct   Kennis van toegepaste onderdelen   Kennis van de toepassing   3D CAD ontwerpsysteem   Batchproductie, JIT aansturing   ISO 9001-2000 en VCA** gecertificeerd   Partnership met klant en leverancier   Innovatief

22-11-11

Focus op MVA

  Gecertificeerd op niveau 3 van de CO2 prestatieladder van ProRail (nu stichting SKAO)

  Eigen bedrijfsschool in samenwerking met het ROC Flevoland

  Stage bedrijf 2009 van Almere

22-11-11

Ontwikkelingen

  ICU laadpunten

  Componenten voor Smart Grids

  Uitbreiding reeks Sicuro producten

  Uitbouw marktpositie in België

Inverter innovations since 1988 example of historical 120 kW systems

1988 1995 1999 2005 2008 LF transformer technology using more compact construction Using HF transformer technology using water cooling •  EXENDIS Solar Hybrid Inverter solution; Power range 10 kW – 1 MW, Modular, expandable, integrated

solution, redundant, N-1, N+1 •  All “state of the art” solar inverter manufacturers have adopted HF technology •  Currently most Solar Hybrid Inverters for powerlevels above 10 kW are using LF technology Lowest Weight, Smallest Size

Electric Vehicle Fast Charger •  Europe’s first EV fast charger (April 2010) is

equipped with Power Converter of EXENDIS and charging posts of ALFEN

Smart Grid / autonomous grid experiencies EXENDIS/ALFEN

FP-7 EU project: GROWDERS

The GROWDERS project is part of the SOPRA roadmap

Li-ion battery

Inverter

Control system

Smart Substation (IOP EMVT) • The objective is enabling high penetration of renewable energy in a distribution grid: - distributed generation

- micro CHP (gas based stirling) - Solar - small wind mills

- Power Quality improvement - active power - reactive power - Fault Ride Through - active harmonic damping - etc

- Automatic islanding (UPS-mode)

Intelligent Distribution Station 10 kV

I Xiria

LV distribution

400V U

Zigbee node Zigbee Utilities network coordinator Zigbee Home network coordinator

ESI/MHI U

30-50kW PQ purposes

Smart Trafo

Monitor & Control Internet

MCCB with motor drive or contactor I I I I I I

fuse monitor

30-50 kWh Residentieel

Energie Management

Xanura Gateway

PV Storage

Internet

kWh kWh meter according to NTA 8130

3-5 houses

Smart Substation with Energy Storage

Lab tests: May – December 2009 Field operation: started February 2010

Smart substation prototype with research facilities

Mini grids for ships and other applications

(diesel hybrid electric propulsion + electrical grid): f.e.: SY Ethereal

•  known as the most GREEN SY in the world.

• Supplied with 480 kW (720 kWpeak) Minigrid of EXENDIS, and a 400 kWh Li-ion pack.

•  Power is twice the power of an average village in rural areas !

•  System is build under a cabin’s floor !

•  System delivered in 2007, in operation since early 2008

FC Generator Uniflex

Consortium:

Ministry of traffic (NL)

NEDSTACK

Bredenoord

Hygear

Air products

EXENDIS

SOPRA Consortium

Rural electrification •  Approx. 1.6 - 2.0 billion

people do not have electricity and water

•  Connecting to public utilities is very often not economical

•  No electricity => No development •  Increasing poverty is the result

Effective sun hours per day

Average windspeed

* 45 ! * 280 !

The total off grid PV market will be in the range of several 10.000.000.000 Euro

Factors below are without: 2010 2020

2x 2007 fc 3 x 2007 forecast

Day characteristics of the different renewable sources

•  PV

•  Wind

•  Hydro

Typical characteristic of load

•  Pload <> Prenewable source •  Solutions are:

–  Preneable = Ploadmax (meaning not utilizing all renewable energy) –  Use diesel generation –  Introduce energy storage

Remark: PV hybride prices of few years ago, 2011 significantly lower

oil price

PV panel prices

Business case of SOPRA

1.  Long distance = high costs => mini grid is the solution

2.  Expensive diesel fuel

3.  High PV and/or wind intensity

4.  reducing costs of PV panels

Interesting parallelism in developing countries :

•  Telecom: not wired => mobile phone/internet •  Rural Electrification: “ not wired” => minigrids

SOPRA Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural

Applications

Sync +

Power meter

CVMS T

Local and remote service and control

Windows XPE based

AC-grid power 240 kW 3p+n

Example of a typical Off-grid Hybrid system:

Max 110 kW with MPPT PV input is under development

Power Meter

Surge Arrestor

autonomous outdoor radiator

240 kW Rack Note: not all components are EXENDIS supplied

Local server (panel

PC) Local

control and read

out Router

AC coupled PV / Wind : •  Using standard third party Grid tied PV inverters •  Requirement: Frequency Shift Power Control (FSPC): Power

51 52 Hz freq

Internet based remote service: •  Error diagnostics •  Statistics (PV, Gensets, tanks, MHI’s, Battery, etc) •  Fuel-level check •  Remote control and parameter change •  Remote software and firmware upload

SMA Sunny boy / Sunny FSPC solution

•  SMA FSPC control =

SOPRA droop control (WG)

How to control the power of all DG

The MHI inverters control the grid frequency in order to regulate all distributed power sources

Control methods

•  PV and WG power by means of FSPC to limit power in case of high SOC of battery

•  DG active power by means of DG frequency droop

•  DG reactive power by means of grid voltage

EXENDIS Multi-source Hybrid Inverter System

Module main specs: •  AC output 60 kW (80 kWpeak) •  Optionally: PV input 110 kW MPPT •  Water cooling •  Build in Mastercontroller •  Redundant •  Fully integrated (no extra wiring) •  Compliant to CE-directives •  Easy expandable in power

Picture is example of: •  Solar Hybrid system:

–  AC output 180 kW (240 kW peak) –  Optionally: PV input 330 kW (3 MPPT of each 110 kW) –  The bottom two modules are the AC and DC distribution

system

To Grid

To local and remote operator interface

Typical example of Solar Hybrid system (Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia)

•  500 houses, 2000 persons

•  Main power station:

•  Grid inverter : 240 kVA

•  Solar power: 200 kWp

•  battery: 600 kWh

•  4 generators of each 200 kW

•  distribution: 10 kVac + 415 Vac

•  two sub power stations of each

•  Grid inverter : 60 kVA

•  Solar inverter : 60 kVA

•  battery: 360 kWh

Two Solar substations of 60 kW each

Statement: the Netherlands in Uruzgan => 12 MW diesel = many 1000 houses @ 6 Euro / liter diesel for 5 yr => saving potential SOPRA 400 MEuro .

SOPRA military applications

Objectives SOPRA •  Objectives test site:

–  Development and demonstration laboratory of SOPRA and smart grid applications.

–  Development and test of power and energy management algorithms –  Demonstrator for customers –  Object to attract and train students

•  Specifications test site HAN to opened today: –  Multi source Hybrid inverter (60 kW) + battery bank (EXENDIS) –  30 kWp grid connected PV (PFIXX) –  Wind energy simulator (WES) –  Diesel genset (Bredenoord) –  Loads –  Power and energy management, supervision, remote monitoring

with SCADA system (EXENDIS, HAN, TUD, etc)

Intro – Electrification rates

% of People without Electricity, 2008

Source: WHO & UNDP

Intro – People without electricity

Millions of People without Electricity, 2008, Source: WHO & UNDP

Sustainable Hybrid Power System

Wind turbines

Power cables

Diesel generators

Solar Panels Multi source Hybrid Inverters

Batteries

Research question

Analysis and simulation of a sustainable hybrid power system for rural areas, powered by solar, wind, and diesel energy

Determine the cost of

Presentation outline

More installed Renewable Energy

Diesel generator

Renewable energy Positive points • Can be cheaper than conventional energy sources • Does not cause energy dependance on other countries

Negative points • Is variable and therefore less reliable • Requires electrical energy storage

Renewable energy Positive points • Can be cheaper than conventional energy sources • Reduces energy dependance on other countries • Better for the environment

Negative points • Is variable and therefore less reliable • Requires electrical energy storage (expensive) • Requires large amounts of space

Example for a SOPRA location

% of people without Electricity Source: WHO & UNDP

Finding the optimal system configuration for Angola

100% 0%

Yearly average available solar energy

Data: NASA

Consequences of a little RE in a system A little Renewable Energy in not a problem (<40%)

Solar Energy

Diesel Energy

Energy demand

Real available solar energy per month

Data: NASA

(1) (2) (3) NO RE LOSSES Avg Supply=Demand NO DIESEL (Storage required)

SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST

Consequences of yearly variations

LOWEST COST? More installed renewable energy

Consequences of a bit more RE A bit more Renewable Energy is a small problem (<70%)

Energy storage in a battery

Energy from the battery

Costs of renewable energy (RE)

•  Mainly depend on wind speeds and irradiance

Cost of diesel energy

•  Mainly depend on the diesel price

Costs of energy sources compared

Data for SOPRA installation in the Sunbelt, major assumptions made!

Cost of the battery •  Every kWh through a battery degrades the battery! Cost of lost energy •  Depends on energy cost and storage efficiency

Costs of RE with storage costs

Consequences of more RE in a system A lot of Renewable Energy is a complex problem (>70%)

Full battery leads to RE losses

(1) (2) (3) NO RE LOSSES Avg Supply=Demand NO DIESEL

SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST

Consequences of yearly variations

More installed renewable energy

Cost of renewable energy (RE) •  Depends on energy wind speeds and irradiance

Cost of diesel energy •  Depends on diesel price

Costs of diesel and RE compared

Real cost of renewable energy •  Depends on the amount that can be used

Costs of diesel and RE compared

Interim Conclusions Renewable Energy can be cheaper until

•  too much has to be stored (daily balance) •  too much is lost (yearly balance)

Renewable Energy variations should be limited

• Daily mismatch should be limited to prevent storage • Yearly mismatch should be limited to prevent losses

How do we limit the variations

• Combining Renewable energy sources • Limiting Renewable energy fraction in energy mix

Real available wind energy per month

Data: NASA

SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST NO RE LOSSES LOWEST COST? NO DIESEL

Sizing the SOPRA system (Wind only)

Yearly variations in RE supply

Combined is better?

Solar peak

Solar dip

Wind peak

Wind dip

Limiting the yearly variation means more RE can be used

Consequences of RE mix

•  WIND ONLY OPTIMUM MIX SOLAR ONLY

LOWEST COST?

Detailed calculations required Simulation for each possible system configuration: 1.  Determination of battery use and charge powers 2.  Determination of optimal diesel generator operation 3.  Determination of conversion and RE losses 4.  Determination of system costs

Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural Applications The rest of the presentation contains data and conclusions only applicaple on the Netherlands. It should therefor not be considered as part of the SOPRA project.

Detailed simulations

• SOPRA system installed in the Netherlands

• Wind speeds and irradiance for every 10 min

• 10 year of data from 2001 to 2010, KNMI

• Demand for every 15 min

• 1 year of data from from ecofys

Wind power limited because of a full battery Generator required because of almost empty battery

Available RE in Holland (monthly average)

Real required energy per month (houses)

Variation of year averages

Results of simulations for NL

Price development solar power

Solar panel costs -25%

Diesel cost from 1.5 to 3.0 €/L

Conclusions Break even point is determined per location by

• Available Renewable Energy and fuel cost • System life and price changes of components

Renewable Energy can be cheaper until

•  too much has to be stored (daily balance) •  too much is lost (yearly balance)

Questions ??

Evert Raaijen: e.raaijen@exendis.com or

Arne Kaas: a.w.s.kaas@tudelft.nl The SOPRA project is supported by :

energie in ontwikkeling sopra-project

power converter of exendis

kwpeak minigrid of exendis

result copyright

sopra consortium copyright

research facilities

van almere

en vca

mld omzet en

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