energie in ontwikkeling sopra-project
DESCRIPTION
Workshop op de HAN Dag van de Duurzaamheid 2011. Door Evert Raaijen en Arne Kaas.TRANSCRIPT
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural Applications
Energie in ontwikkeling:
het SOPRA project
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Partnerships: Mid and large scale production
NL+ EU universities EIT (European Institute of Technology)
ISO 9001:2000 certified ISO/TS 16949 in partnership
EXENDIS B.V. Ede, The Netherlands.
Marketing & Sales
R&D Small Series Production
After Sales
EXENDIS:
Keesomstraat 4
6710 BB Ede
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 318 676111
Fax: +31 318 624615
HOT NEWS:
EXENDIS power converter business unit overgenomen door ALFEN b.v.
miv nov 2011
22-11-11
Wie/wat is Alfen
Specialist in transformatorstations (met Nederland als thuismarkt)
130 werknemers Omzet 2010 ca. €40.000.000 Opgericht in 1937 en naar Almere in 1983 Onderdeel van TBI (sinds 1971) TBI is een bouw en installatietechniek concern
met €2 mld omzet en 10.000 medewerkers dat vooral in Nederland actief is.
Producten Diabolo Compactstations
in 2010 ongeveer 1400 stuks Entrado Betreedbare stations
in 2010 ongeveer 200 stuks Beheer en onderhoud Innovatieve, specifieke oplossingen t.b.v. elektrische infrastructuur Turn key levering (ms)netaansluitingen Reeks Sicuro producten voor 10kV WKK aansluitingen ICU laadpunten
Klanten Energiebedrijven 60%
Enexis Alliander Stedin/Joulz Delta, NRE, Rendo
Glastuinbouw 30% Overig 7%
Petrochemie Rail (bovenleidingschakelaars)
Export 3%
Kracht van Alfen Kennis van het eindproduct Kennis van toegepaste onderdelen Kennis van de toepassing 3D CAD ontwerpsysteem Batchproductie, JIT aansturing ISO 9001-2000 en VCA** gecertificeerd Partnership met klant en leverancier Innovatief
22-11-11
Focus op MVA
Gecertificeerd op niveau 3 van de CO2 prestatieladder van ProRail (nu stichting SKAO)
Eigen bedrijfsschool in samenwerking met het ROC Flevoland
Stage bedrijf 2009 van Almere
22-11-11
Ontwikkelingen
ICU laadpunten
Componenten voor Smart Grids
Uitbreiding reeks Sicuro producten
Uitbouw marktpositie in België
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Inverter innovations since 1988 example of historical 120 kW systems
1988 1995 1999 2005 2008 LF transformer technology using more compact construction Using HF transformer technology using water cooling • EXENDIS Solar Hybrid Inverter solution; Power range 10 kW – 1 MW, Modular, expandable, integrated
solution, redundant, N-1, N+1 • All “state of the art” solar inverter manufacturers have adopted HF technology • Currently most Solar Hybrid Inverters for powerlevels above 10 kW are using LF technology Lowest Weight, Smallest Size
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Electric Vehicle Fast Charger • Europe’s first EV fast charger (April 2010) is
equipped with Power Converter of EXENDIS and charging posts of ALFEN
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Smart Grid / autonomous grid experiencies EXENDIS/ALFEN
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FP-7 EU project: GROWDERS
The GROWDERS project is part of the SOPRA roadmap
Li-ion battery
Inverter
Control system
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Smart Substation (IOP EMVT) • The objective is enabling high penetration of renewable energy in a distribution grid: - distributed generation
- micro CHP (gas based stirling) - Solar - small wind mills
- Power Quality improvement - active power - reactive power - Fault Ride Through - active harmonic damping - etc
- Automatic islanding (UPS-mode)
I
Intelligent Distribution Station 10 kV
U I I
I Xiria
LV distribution
400V U
Zigbee node Zigbee Utilities network coordinator Zigbee Home network coordinator
I U
AC DC
ESI/MHI U
I
30-50kW PQ purposes
Smart Trafo
Monitor & Control Internet
MCCB with motor drive or contactor I I I I I I
fuse monitor
30-50 kWh Residentieel
Energie Management
Xanura Gateway
uWKK
Loads
PV Storage
Internet
kWh kWh meter according to NTA 8130
3-5 houses
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Smart Substation with Energy Storage
Lab tests: May – December 2009 Field operation: started February 2010
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Smart substation prototype with research facilities
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Mini grids for ships and other applications
(diesel hybrid electric propulsion + electrical grid): f.e.: SY Ethereal
• known as the most GREEN SY in the world.
• Supplied with 480 kW (720 kWpeak) Minigrid of EXENDIS, and a 400 kWh Li-ion pack.
• Power is twice the power of an average village in rural areas !
• System is build under a cabin’s floor !
• System delivered in 2007, in operation since early 2008
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
FC Generator Uniflex
Consortium:
Ministry of traffic (NL)
NEDSTACK
Bredenoord
Hygear
ECN
Air products
EXENDIS
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Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural Applications
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
SOPRA Consortium
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Rural electrification • Approx. 1.6 - 2.0 billion
people do not have electricity and water
• Connecting to public utilities is very often not economical
• No electricity => No development • Increasing poverty is the result
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Effective sun hours per day
Average windspeed
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* 45 ! * 280 !
2020:
The total off grid PV market will be in the range of several 10.000.000.000 Euro
Factors below are without: 2010 2020
2x 2007 fc 3 x 2007 forecast
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Day characteristics of the different renewable sources
• PV
• Wind
• Hydro
time
Pow
er
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Typical characteristic of load
• Pload <> Prenewable source • Solutions are:
– Preneable = Ploadmax (meaning not utilizing all renewable energy) – Use diesel generation – Introduce energy storage
time
Pow
er
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Remark: PV hybride prices of few years ago, 2011 significantly lower
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oil price
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PV panel prices
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Business case of SOPRA
1. Long distance = high costs => mini grid is the solution
2. Expensive diesel fuel
3. High PV and/or wind intensity
4. reducing costs of PV panels
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Interesting parallelism in developing countries :
• Telecom: not wired => mobile phone/internet • Rural Electrification: “ not wired” => minigrids
SOPRA Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural
Applications
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Sync +
Power meter
CVMS T
Local and remote service and control
Windows XPE based
AC-grid power 240 kW 3p+n
Example of a typical Off-grid Hybrid system:
Max 110 kW with MPPT PV input is under development
Max 110 kW with MPPT PV input is under development
Max 110 kW with MPPT PV input is under development
Max 110 kW with MPPT PV input is under development
Power Meter
Surge Arrestor
autonomous outdoor radiator
240 kW Rack Note: not all components are EXENDIS supplied
Local server (panel
PC) Local
control and read
out Router
AC coupled PV / Wind : • Using standard third party Grid tied PV inverters • Requirement: Frequency Shift Power Control (FSPC): Power
51 52 Hz freq
Internet based remote service: • Error diagnostics • Statistics (PV, Gensets, tanks, MHI’s, Battery, etc) • Fuel-level check • Remote control and parameter change • Remote software and firmware upload
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
SMA Sunny boy / Sunny FSPC solution
• SMA FSPC control =
SOPRA droop control (WG)
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How to control the power of all DG
The MHI inverters control the grid frequency in order to regulate all distributed power sources
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Control methods
• PV and WG power by means of FSPC to limit power in case of high SOC of battery
• DG active power by means of DG frequency droop
• DG reactive power by means of grid voltage
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
EXENDIS Multi-source Hybrid Inverter System
Module main specs: • AC output 60 kW (80 kWpeak) • Optionally: PV input 110 kW MPPT • Water cooling • Build in Mastercontroller • Redundant • Fully integrated (no extra wiring) • Compliant to CE-directives • Easy expandable in power
Picture is example of: • Solar Hybrid system:
– AC output 180 kW (240 kW peak) – Optionally: PV input 330 kW (3 MPPT of each 110 kW) – The bottom two modules are the AC and DC distribution
system
To Grid
To local and remote operator interface
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Typical example of Solar Hybrid system (Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia)
• 500 houses, 2000 persons
• Main power station:
• Grid inverter : 240 kVA
• Solar power: 200 kWp
• battery: 600 kWh
• 4 generators of each 200 kW
• distribution: 10 kVac + 415 Vac
• two sub power stations of each
• Grid inverter : 60 kVA
• Solar inverter : 60 kVA
• battery: 360 kWh
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Two Solar substations of 60 kW each
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Statement: the Netherlands in Uruzgan => 12 MW diesel = many 1000 houses @ 6 Euro / liter diesel for 5 yr => saving potential SOPRA 400 MEuro .
SOPRA military applications
© www.beeldleveranciers.nl
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2006 EXENDIS. All rights reserved.
Objectives SOPRA • Objectives test site:
– Development and demonstration laboratory of SOPRA and smart grid applications.
– Development and test of power and energy management algorithms – Demonstrator for customers – Object to attract and train students
• Specifications test site HAN to opened today: – Multi source Hybrid inverter (60 kW) + battery bank (EXENDIS) – 30 kWp grid connected PV (PFIXX) – Wind energy simulator (WES) – Diesel genset (Bredenoord) – Loads – Power and energy management, supervision, remote monitoring
with SCADA system (EXENDIS, HAN, TUD, etc)
46
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Intro – Electrification rates
% of People without Electricity, 2008
Source: WHO & UNDP
48
Intro – People without electricity
Millions of People without Electricity, 2008, Source: WHO & UNDP
49
Sustainable Hybrid Power System
Wind turbines
Power cables
Diesel generators
Solar Panels Multi source Hybrid Inverters
Batteries
50
Research question
Analysis and simulation of a sustainable hybrid power system for rural areas, powered by solar, wind, and diesel energy
Determine the cost of
Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural Applications
51
Presentation outline
More installed Renewable Energy
Diesel generator
52
Renewable energy Positive points • Can be cheaper than conventional energy sources • Does not cause energy dependance on other countries
Negative points • Is variable and therefore less reliable • Requires electrical energy storage
53
Renewable energy Positive points • Can be cheaper than conventional energy sources • Reduces energy dependance on other countries • Better for the environment
Negative points • Is variable and therefore less reliable • Requires electrical energy storage (expensive) • Requires large amounts of space
54
Example for a SOPRA location
% of people without Electricity Source: WHO & UNDP
Finding the optimal system configuration for Angola
100% 0%
55
Yearly average available solar energy
Data: NASA
56
Consequences of a little RE in a system A little Renewable Energy in not a problem (<40%)
Solar Energy
Diesel Energy
Energy demand
57
Real available solar energy per month
Data: NASA
Capa
city
fac
tor
58
(1) (2) (3) NO RE LOSSES Avg Supply=Demand NO DIESEL (Storage required)
SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST
Consequences of yearly variations
LOWEST COST? More installed renewable energy
59
Consequences of a bit more RE A bit more Renewable Energy is a small problem (<70%)
Energy storage in a battery
Energy from the battery
60
Costs of renewable energy (RE)
• Mainly depend on wind speeds and irradiance
Cost of diesel energy
• Mainly depend on the diesel price
Costs of energy sources compared
61
Costs of energy sources compared
Data for SOPRA installation in the Sunbelt, major assumptions made!
62
Cost of the battery • Every kWh through a battery degrades the battery! Cost of lost energy • Depends on energy cost and storage efficiency
Costs of RE with storage costs
63
Consequences of more RE in a system A lot of Renewable Energy is a complex problem (>70%)
Full battery leads to RE losses
64
(1) (2) (3) NO RE LOSSES Avg Supply=Demand NO DIESEL
SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST
Consequences of yearly variations
More installed renewable energy
65
Cost of renewable energy (RE) • Depends on energy wind speeds and irradiance
Cost of diesel energy • Depends on diesel price
Costs of diesel and RE compared
Real cost of renewable energy • Depends on the amount that can be used
12%
66
Costs of diesel and RE compared
12%
67
Interim Conclusions Renewable Energy can be cheaper until
• too much has to be stored (daily balance) • too much is lost (yearly balance)
Renewable Energy variations should be limited
• Daily mismatch should be limited to prevent storage • Yearly mismatch should be limited to prevent losses
How do we limit the variations
• Combining Renewable energy sources • Limiting Renewable energy fraction in energy mix
68
Real available wind energy per month
Data: NASA
69
SMALL BIGGER BIGGEST NO RE LOSSES LOWEST COST? NO DIESEL
Sizing the SOPRA system (Wind only)
70
Yearly variations in RE supply
Combined is better?
Solar peak
Solar dip
Wind peak
Wind dip
Limiting the yearly variation means more RE can be used
71
Consequences of RE mix
• WIND ONLY OPTIMUM MIX SOLAR ONLY
LOWEST COST?
72
Detailed calculations required Simulation for each possible system configuration: 1. Determination of battery use and charge powers 2. Determination of optimal diesel generator operation 3. Determination of conversion and RE losses 4. Determination of system costs
73
Sustainable Off-grid Powerstation for Rural Applications The rest of the presentation contains data and conclusions only applicaple on the Netherlands. It should therefor not be considered as part of the SOPRA project.
74
Detailed simulations
• SOPRA system installed in the Netherlands
• Wind speeds and irradiance for every 10 min
• 10 year of data from 2001 to 2010, KNMI
• Demand for every 15 min
• 1 year of data from from ecofys
74
Wind power limited because of a full battery Generator required because of almost empty battery
75
Available RE in Holland (monthly average)
76
Real required energy per month (houses)
77
Variation of year averages
77
78
Results of simulations for NL
More installed renewable energy
Inst
alla
tion
cost
s
79
79
More installed renewable energy
80
80
More installed renewable energy
81
81
More installed renewable energy
82
Price development solar power
83
Solar panel costs -25%
83
More installed renewable energy
84
84
Diesel cost from 1.5 to 3.0 €/L
More installed renewable energy
85
Conclusions Break even point is determined per location by
• Available Renewable Energy and fuel cost • System life and price changes of components
Renewable Energy can be cheaper until
• too much has to be stored (daily balance) • too much is lost (yearly balance)
86
Questions ??
Evert Raaijen: [email protected] or
Arne Kaas: [email protected] The SOPRA project is supported by :