egyptian art per5
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EGYPTIAN ART
Janin AlfonsoAP Art HistoryPer.5
Great Pyramids Giza, Egypt c. 2500 B.C.E.
Purpose: Giant monuments to dead pharaohs
Each pyramid had enjoining mortuary temple
Pharaoh buried within pyramid, unlike stepped pyramid
Material: Huge pile of limestone, minimal interior for deceased
Each side oriented toward a point on compass
Four corners oriented to the compass
Khafre Egyptian Museum, Cairo c. 2500 B.C.E.
Idealized form Falcon god Horus behind
Khafre, protecting him; Khafre an incarnation of Horus; pharaoh shown to be divine
Interlocking lotus and papyrus, the symbol of a united Egypt, at base
Figure not cut away from stone, no negative space between arms of stomach
Strictly follows traditional Egyptian proportions
Great Sphinx Giza, Egypt c. 2500 B.C.E.
Generalized features, although some say it may be portrait of Khafre Body of lion, head of pharaoh/god Sphinx seems to protect pyramids behind it Originally brightly painted to stand out in desert Cats loyal animals in ancient Egypt, saved grain supply form mice Head of Sphinx damaged in Middle Ages Beard in British Museum
Seated ScribeLouvre, Paris C.2400 B.C.E.
PorpuseL for a tomb at Saqqara as a provision for kha
Not a pharaoh, wooden sculpture with sagging chest and realistic rather than idealistic features
Color still intact Lifelike but not portrait.
Conventional image of a scribe Attentive expression,
contrasts with pharaoh
Ti Watching Hippo Hunt Tomb of Ti, Saqqara, Egypt C. 2400
BCE Painted relief in mastaba of
Ti, government official Ti’s boat glides through giant
papyri which flower into fan of birds
Servants hunts as tribute to deceased Ti and to destroy animals considered pests that damaged crops
Ti stand on boat (rather than in) and is double anyone’s size
Hierarchy scale
Senusret IIIEgyptian Museum, Cairoc.1860 B.C.E.
• Moody look in mouth and eyes, looks depressed
• Figures reflect the period of civil unrest
• Introspective• Firm chin• Carefully delineated
lines and folds of flesh between the brows and at the corners of nose and mouth
Rock Cut Tombs of Beni HasanEgypt c. 1950-1900 B.C.E.
Cliff walls hollowed out to reveal small burial chambers
Reserve columns cut away from the interior chamber to create the look of conventional columns
Columns are not round but fluted
Façade shows shallow columned porch
Mortuary Temple of HatshepsutDeir el-Bahri, Egypt C. 1473-1458
3 colonnaded terraces and 2 ramps
Visually coordinated with natural setting; long horizontals and verticals of terraces and colonnades repeat pattern of cliffs behind
Terraces originally planted as gardens with exotic trees
First time the achievements of a woman are celebrated in art history; body elsewhere
Queen HatshepsutMetropolitance Museum of Art, New York c. 1473-1458
Queen represented in male costume of pharaoh, yet slender proportions and slight breasts indicated femininity
Often portrayed as sphinx
Headdress, false beard, and traces of cobra on crown show her affinity with male pharaoh role
Temple of Ramases II Abu Simbel, Egypt
1290-1224 B.C.E.
Rock-cut tomb, resembles pylon.
Material: 4 large situ statues of Ramses on façade
Façade at one point painted
Royal family between Ramses’ legs
Sun enter center of tomb on October 21, Ramses’ birthday
Interior Ramses sculptures carved in reserve
Nefertiti Egyptian Museum, Berlin 1353-1335 B.C.E.
Long, elegant neck
Realistic face; soft, delicate features typical of New Kingdom
Limestone Wife of Akhenaton Amarna style
King Tutankhamen Egyptian Museum, Cairo
c. 1323 B.C.E. Made with gold,
enamel, semiprecious stones
Famous tomb discovered by Howard Carter in 1922
Mummified body of King Tut burried with 143 objects on head, neck, abdomen, and limbs; gold mask over head
Gold coffin 6’7” Smooth features of
boy-king
Judgment before Osiris British Museum, London
c. 1290-1280 B.C.E.
Painted on papyrus Illustration from Book of Dead, an Egyptian book of spells and charms God of embalming, Anubis, has jackal’s head. He leads deceased to a hall where his
soul is weighed against a feather. If sins outweigh feather he will be condemned. Hippo/lion figure betweeb scales will eat heart of evil soul God Thoth has head of bird; he is the stenographer writing down these events in the
hieroglyphics he invented Osiris, god of underworld, appears enthroned on right to subject the deceased to a
day of judgment.
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