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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
18
EFFECTS OF JIT IMPLEMENTATION IN INDUSTRIES : A CASE STUDY
AMIT KUMAR MIET,MEERUT
MEERUT, UTTARPRADESH,INDIA
NEHA DIXIT MIET,MEERUT
MEERUT, UTTARPRADESH,INDIA
ABSTRACT The main aim of this survey is to present the effect of
employee training, in an Organization, on various output
parameter such as Lead-time, Profit, Quality and
Productivity. The findings in this survey can be used to
reduce the lead time and waste material which in-turn
improves the productivity of the organization. The just in
time technique has been found to be very effective in
productivity improvement of an organization. A web
based survey was sent to the employees of an
organization who underwent trainings on specific tasks in
their respective departments. The methodology is based
on a questionnaire where the questions were asked to
employees as a part of implementation of just in time
technique. The survey allowed the employees to
document their views on key performance indicators
based on their age and gender, Level of experience,
Position held in the organization and qualification of
employee.
A total of 343 out of 800 surveys were completed (43%
response). All the respondents were from India working
in automotive industries and mean age was 35±10 years.
As the main result of the survey one can conclude that
there is significant effect of employee training on
performance parameter of an organization. There was a
little or no impact on lead time reduction as per 30%
respondents. The profit of organization had apositive
impact as per 66% respondents. The productivity was also
found to be having a positive impact with 66%
respondents. The quality of product was improved
according to 60% respondents.
INTRODUCTION
Just in time (JIT) is a Japanese methodology aimed at
reducing the time taken by production systems. It was
first successfully implemented by Toyota production
systems and then it spread all over the world as a
technique to improve the productivity of various
organization. In JIT model the focus is to avoid waste
associated with over production, waiting time, excess
inventory, unnecessary motion, transportation expanses,
inappropriate processing and defects etc. JIT has likewise
been characterized as a driver that set up consistent,
repetitive deliveries in little parts from a supplier,and
which limit stock from a thirty days or sixty days to ten
days supply and if feasible it lessens to hourly supply. A
JIT framework concentrates on the improvement of the
considerable number of procedures and systems by
always seeking after waste elimination. A basic meaning
of JIT is to create and transport complete products
without a moment to spare to be sold, subassemblies just-
in-time to be gathered into final products, manufacture
parts just-in-time to go into subassemblies and buy parts
NISHANT KUMAR MIET, MEERUT,
UTTARPRADESH,INDIA
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
19
just-in-time to be moved into manufactured parts. The main mantras of JIT Shown in figure 1.
Research design analysis
This investigation utilized non-experimental
quantitative research. In particular, the design and
outline include mail questionnaire method, which is
the most repetitively utilized descriptive research
design. This particular investigational research
design requires reactions of different personnel from
different departments
of a manufacturing unit like procurement,
production, and quality, and further requires
quantitative analysis of data and information. To
expand the inner and outer validity or legitimacy, the
sampling methodology in this investigational study
has been adopted and applied.
Figure 1: Elements of JIT
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Table 1: Research Hypothesis
Employee Training has impact on Key
Performance Indicators
Employee Training has no impact on
Lead Time Reduction
Employee Training has positive impact
on Profit of organisation
Employee Training has positive impact
on Productivity
Employee Training has positive impact
on Quality of the product
1. What JIT elements may be
implemented easily to increase the
profit of the organization?
2. How do respondents observe various
JIT elements when it comes to
implementation?
3. Does the profit of the organization get
impacted by employee training?
Questionnaire:
Questions are asked to the respondents
regarding the level of difficulty in
implementation of JIT elements like
Employee training, Waste elimination
and Standardization.
Interviews:
A chain of telephonic interviews has
been conducted with some line
managers who are closely working in
material management.
TQM has impact on Key Performance
Indicators
TQM has no impact on Lead Time
Reduction
TQM has positive impact on Profit of
organisation
TQM has positive impact on
Productivity
TQM has positive impact on Quality
of the product
Which JIT elements are most
important for optimizing the
productivity?
Does productivity have any relation
with Total Quality Management?
Questionnaire:
Questions are asked to the respondents
regarding the effect of various
elements like Quality Circle and Total
Quality Management on performance
indicators like Productivity, Quality of
product.
Interviews:
A chain of telephonic interviews has
been conducted with some
procurement managers who are closely
working JIT management.
Quantitate Analysis
The questionnaire is converted into
qualitative and quantitative data with
some mathematical and technical
methods.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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RESEARCH MODEL:
(Key Performance Indicators) (JIT Elements)
Productivity
Lead Time
Reduction
Profit
Employee Training
Lot Size
Quality Circle
Standardization
Total Quality Management
Flexible Manufacturing
System
Waste Elimination
Total Productive
Maintenance
Top Management
Commitment
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Results
Employee Training has impact on Key
Performance Indicators
Employee Training can be a catalyst which can
accelerate the overall process of any organization.
The employee training is the critical and important
element of the just in time strategy. Table 2 shows
that 47.7% of the respondents said that Employee
Training has huge impact on the key performance
indicators whereas 50% of the participants think that
it has considerable impact on key performance
indicators like lead time, productivity and profit of
the organization. Only 2.27% of respondents chose
that there is a little impact of the Employee Training
on the key performance indicators
Table: 2 Employee training impact on KPIs
Answer Choices Response %age
Yes, Employee Training has a huge impact
on Profit of the organisation.
47.73%
Yes, Employee Training has considerable
impact on Profit of the organisation.
50.00%
Yes, Employee Training has very little impact
on Profit of the organisation.
2.27%
Yes, Employee Training has no impact on
Profit of the organisation.
0.00%
Employee Training has no impact on Lead Time
Reduction
One sub-hypothesis was about the impact of the
employee training on the lead time reduction
(KPI).Almost, all the respondents responded to this
question. It is shown in the Figure 2 that 22.5% of
the participants think that employee training has high
positive impact on the quality of the product whereas
positive impact was chosen by 45% of the
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
23
respondents. 30% of the respondents think employee
training have no impact on the lead time
reductionwhereas 2.5% of the participants chose
negative impact.
High positive impact Positive impact
No impact
Negative impact
High negative impact
Lead time reduction 22.50% 45% 30% 2.50% 0
Profit 27.27% 65.91% 6.82% 0 0
Productivity 32.56% 62.79% 4.65% 0 0
Quality 30.23% 60.47% 6.98% 2.30% 0
Employee training Respondent Statistics
Basic statistics Minimum Maximum Median Mean Standard Deviation
Productivity 1 3 2 1.72 0.54
Profit of the
organisation 1 3 2 1.8 0.55
Quality of the
product 1 4 2 1.81 0.66
Lead time
reduction 1 4 2 2.13 0.78
Figure:2 Effect of Employee training on key performance indicators
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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The scale has been chosen from 1 to 5. If mean is
less than 3 and closer to 1 that means the JIT element
has positive relation with the corresponding Key
Performance Indicator. Also, the standard deviation
has been calculated for the case.From the survey
outcome, the above sub-hypothesis of the research is
not valid and proven. Although, it is clear from the
response that employee training and lead time
reduction are related and there is a positive relation
between them, but, 30% of the respondents think that
it has no impact on lead time reduction which
portion cannot be neglected. So, it needs special
consideration for further analysis.
Employee Training has positive impact on Profit
of the organization
One sub-hypothesis was about the impact of the
employee training on the profit of the organization
(KPI). Almost, all the respondents responded to this
question. It is shown in the Figure 2 that 27.3% of
the participants think that employee training has high
positive impact on the profit of the organization
whereas positive impact was chosen by 65.9% of the
respondents. 6.82% of the respondents think
employee training have no impact on the profit of the
organization whereas none of the participants chose
negative impact or highly negative impact.
From the survey outcome, the above sub-hypothesis
of the research is valid and proven. It is clear and
proven from the response that employee training and
profit of the organization are related positively to
each other. It means, if the company emphasis on
better employee training, the profit of the
organization will increase.
Employee Training has positive impact on
Productivity
One sub-hypothesis was about the impact of the
employee training on the productivity (KPI). Almost,
all the respondents responded to this question. From
the Figure 2 it is clear that around 32.6% of the
participants think that employee training has high
positive impact on the productivity whereas positive
impact was chosen by 62.8% of the respondents.
4.65% of the respondents think employee training
has no impact on the Productivity whereas none of
the participants chose negative or highly negative
impact.The scale has been chosen from 1 to 5. If
mean is less than 3 and closer to 1 that means the JIT
element has positive relation with the corresponding
Key Performance Indicator. Also, the standard
deviation has been calculated for the case.
From the survey outcome, the above sub-hypothesis
of the research is valid and proven. It is clear and
proven from the response that employee training and
productivity of the organization are related positively
to each other. It means, if the company emphasis on
better employee training, the productivity of the
organization will get improve.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
25
Employee Training has positive impact on Quality
of the Product
One of the sub-hypothesis was about the impact of
the employee training on the quality of the product
(KPI). Almost, all the respondents responded to this
question. It is shown in the Figure 2 that around
30.2% of the participants think that employee
training has high positive impact on the quality of
the product whereas positive impact was chosen by
60.5% of the respondents. 6.98% of the respondents
think employee training has no impact on the quality
of the product whereas 2.33% of the participants
chose negative impact.
From the survey outcome, the above sub-hypothesis
of the research is valid and proven. It is clear and
proven from the response that employee training and
quality of the product are related positively to each
other. It means, if the company emphasis on better
employee training, the quality of the product will be
high because of better skills and knowledge of the
employees.
Total Quality Management has impact on Key
Performance Indicators
Total quality management is the approach in which
all the employees from bottom to top are involved in
achieving overall objective of the organization. Total
quality management is the critical and important
element of the just in time strategy. It is clearly
shown in Figure 3 that 50% of the respondents said
that the total quality management highly improves
the key performance indicators whereas 45% of the
participants think that it considerably improves the
key performance indicators specially the productivity
and profit of the organization. Only 5% of
respondents chose that there is a little impact of total
quality management on the key performance
indicators.Overall it can be said that TQM positively
impact the key performance indicators like
productivity and profit of the organization.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Figure:3 Impact of TQM on KPIs
High positive impact Positive impact
No impact
Negative impact
High negative impact
Lead time reduction 20.93% 55.81% 20.93% 2.33% 0
Profit 23.26% 72.09% 4.65% 0 0
Productivity 34.88% 55.81% 9.30% 0 0
Quality 30.95% 50.00% 14.29% 4.76% 0
TQM Respondent Statistics
Basic statistics Minimum Maximum Median Mean Standard Deviation
Productivity 1 4 2 2.05 0.71
Profit of the
organisation 1 3 2 1.81 0.49
Quality of the
product 1 3 2 1.74 0.61
Lead time
reduction 1 4 2 1.93 0.80
Figure: 4 Impact of TQM on key performance indicators
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
27
Total Quality Management has no impact on
Lead Time Reduction
One sub-hypothesis was about the impact of the total
quality management on the lead time reduction
(KPI). Almost, all the respondents responded to this
question. It is shown in the Figure 4 that 20.9% of
the participants think that total quality management
has high positive impact on the lead time reduction
whereas positive impact was chosen by 55.8% of the
respondents. 20.9% of the respondents think total
quality management have no impact on the lead time
reduction whereas 2.33% of the participants chose
negative impact.
The scale has been chosen from 1 to 5. If mean is
less than 3 and closer to 1 that means the JIT element
has positive relation with the corresponding Key
Performance Indicator. Also, the standard deviation
has been calculated for the case.From the survey
outcome, the above sub-hypothesis of the research is
not valid and proven. Although, it is clear from the
response that total quality management and lead time
reduction are related and there is a positive relation
between them, but, 20.9% of the respondents think
that it has no impact on lead time reduction. So, it
needs special consideration for further analysis.
Total Quality Management has positive impact on
Profit of the organization
One sub-hypothesis was about the impact of the total
quality management on the profit of the organization
(KPI). Almost, all the respondents responded to this
question. It is shown in the Figure 4 that 23.2% of
the participants think that total quality management
has high positive impact on the profit of the
organization whereas positive impact was chosen by
72.1% of the respondents. 4.65% of the respondents
think total quality management have no impact on
the profit of the organization whereas none of the
participants chose negative impact or highly negative
impact. From the survey outcome, the above sub-
hypothesis of the research is valid and proven. It is
clear and proven from the response that total quality
management and profit of the organization are
related positively to each other. It means, if the
company emphasis on Total quality management
culture, the profit of the organization will increase.
Total Quality Management has positive impact on
Productivity
One sub-hypothesis was about the impact of the total
quality management on the productivity (KPI).
Almost, all the respondents responded to this
question. From the Figure 4, it is clear that around
34.88% of the participants think that total quality
management has high positive impact on the
productivity whereas positive impact was chosen by
55.8% of the respondents. 9.3% of the respondents
think total quality management has no impact on the
Productivity whereas none of the participants chose
negative or highly negative impact.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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From the survey outcome, the above sub-hypothesis
of the research is valid and proven. It is clear and
proven from the response that total quality
management and productivity of the organization are
related positively to each other. It means, if the
company emphasis on Total quality management
culture, the productivity of the organization will get
improve.
Total Quality Management has positive impact on
Quality of the Product
One of the sub-hypothesis was about the impact of
the total quality management on the quality of the
product (KPI). Almost, all the respondents responded
to this question. It is shown in the Figure 4 around
30.9% of the participants think that total quality
management has high positive impact on the quality
of the product whereas positive impact was chosen
by 50% of the respondents. 14.29% of the
respondents think total quality management has no
impact on the quality of the product whereas 4.76%
of the participants chose negative impact.From the
survey outcome, the above sub-hypothesis of the
research is valid and proven. It is clear and proven
from the response that total quality management and
quality of the product are related positively to each
other. It means, if the company emphasis on TQM
culture, the quality of the product will be high
because of all employee involvement.
Conclusion
The present research work is a survey based study
conducted through online survey by
surveymonkey.com. A questionnaire was formed to
evaluate the effect of employee training and TQM
methods on the performance parameters of some
automotive industries. The research method included
two hypothesis and the questions were aimed to
quantify the effectiveness of each hypothesis.
According to the responses received from the survey
both the hypothesis are found to achieve the desired
goal.
The employee training has no impact on lead time
reduction but it has a positive impact on profit,
productivity and quality of the product in an
organization.
Implementation of total quality management
techniques have positive impact on all the key
performance parameter i.e. lead time reduction,
profit of organization, productivity and quality of the
product.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 9 (2018) pp. 18-30
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
29
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