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Two Party Syste m
“A syste m in wh ich o nly two significant
p artie s co m p e te fo r o ffice . Such syste m s
are in the m ino rity am o ng wo rld
d e m o cracie s.”Fiorina, Morris P. The New American Democracy. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. Print.
U nite d State s
• The U nite d State s use s the Two Party
Syste m .
C urre ntly the two p artie s are :
• The Re p ub lican Party
The D e m o cratic Party
Third Partie s in
Am e rica
• The re have b e e n se ve ral instance s in
wh ich th ird p artie s have influe nce d the
o utco m e s o f e le ctio ns, fo r e xam p le :
The G re e n Party
• Bull-M o o se Party
Pro gre ssive s
H isto ric Th ird Party
Pe rfo rm ance s
• 1 856 - M illard Fillm o re (Am e rican Party) - 2 2% o f vo te
1 860 - Jo hn Be ll (C o nstitutio nal U nio n Party) - 1 2 .6%
• 1 896 - W illiam Je nnings Bryan (Po p ulist Party) - 47%
• 1 91 2 - Te d d y Ro o se ve lt (Bull-M o o se ) - 27.4%
1 992 - Ro ss Pe ro t (Ind e p e nd e nt) - 1 8.9%
• 1 996 - Ro ss Pe ro t (Re fo rm Party) - 8%
2000 - Ralp h N ad e r (G re e n Party) - 2 .7%
http ://e n.w ikip e d ia.o rg/wiki/N o tab le _ th ird _ p arty_ p e rform ance s_ in_ U nite d _ State s_ e le ctio ns
W hy D o Th ird
Partie s Fo rm ?
• N o rm ally the y fo rm to ad d re ss a single
issue with in so cie ty and the y te nd to fad e
afte r the p ro b le m is take n care o f.
• “O nly o nce has a th ird p arty re p lace d a
m ajo r p arty: the Re p ub lican Party
d isp lace d the W higs in the 1 85 0s.”Fiorina, Morris P. The New American Democracy. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. Print.
Third Partie s in the
U .S .• W ith Vo te r Re g istratio n o ve r 1 00,000:
G re e n Party
• C o nstitutio n Party
Lib e rtarian Party
http ://e n.w ikip e d ia.o rg/wiki/Third _ p arty_ (U nite d _ State s)#
Large st_ .2 8vo te r_ re g istratio n_ o ve r_ 1 00.2C 000.2 9
http ://www.warb ab y.co m /d h2k/im age s/Party% 20Lo go s/th ird p arty.g if
M ulti-Party Syste m
• M o st d e m o cracie s have
a m ulti-p arty syste m .
O fte n cre ate s a co alitio n
go ve rnm e nt.
• Th is is whe n two
m ino rity p artie s jo in
to ge the r in o rd e r to gain
a m ajo rity in Parliam e nt.
http ://inte racc.typ e p ad .co m /.a/6a01 053596fb 28970c01 1 571 1 c856c970c-35 0wi
Ele cto ral Syste m
• The e le cto ral syste m o fte n affe cts the p arty
syste m o f a co untry.
• Ele cto ral syste m - the way in wh ich a
co untry’s laws translate p o p ular vo te s into
co ntro l o f p ub lic o ffice s.Fiorina, Morris P. The New American Democracy. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. Print.
S ingle -M e m b e r, S ingle
Plurality
This is whe n
e le ctio ns fo r
o ffice take p lace
with in
ge o grap h ic units
(state s, citie s,
e tc.) and the
cand id ate who
wins the m o st
vo te s wins the
e le ctio n.
Fiorina, Morris P. The New American Democracy. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. Print.
http ://4.b p .b lo gsp o t.co m /_ XXETC N jN 98s/S-LaO N hH Be I/AAAAAAAAAM o /LFhQ kp m uU 5g/s1 600/yo uvo te .jp g
“If ya ain’t first yo u’re
last!”
In the SM SP
syste m , “if ya ain’t
first yo ur last.”
M e aning if yo u
d o n’t win the n yo u
ach ie ve no th ing at
all in the e le ctio n.http ://im age s.w ikia.co m /wikiality/im age s/2 /2a/Ricky-Bo b b y.jp g
http ://www.im d b .co m /title /tt041 5 306/q uo te s?q t= q t042 52 1 4
http ://www.im d b .co m /title /tt041 5 306/q uo te s?q t= q t042 52 1 4
Pro p o rtio nal
Re p re se ntatio n• A m o re co m m o n fo rm o f an e le cto ral
syste m is kno wn as the Pro p o rtio nal
Re p re se ntatio n (PR). The re are m any
variatio ns to th is syste m .
• “In such syste m s, e le ctio ns m ay
(G e rm any) o r m ay no t (Israe l) take p lace
with in sm alle r ge o grap h ic units, b ut e ve n
if the y d o , e ach unit e le cts a num b e r o f
o fficials, with e ach p arty winning se ats in
p ro p o rtio n to the vo te it re ce ive s.”
Fiorina, Morris P. The New American Democracy. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. Print.
Exam p le o f PR
http ://4.b p .b lo gsp o t.co m /_ H 6XW _ a4TYus/S i1 R5LYEIm I/AAAAAAAAA3o /I8z Q D m H sJ24/s1 600/e uro p e an+ p arliam e nt+ 2 009.b m p
PR co ntinue d ...
Since it is no t ne ce ssary to finish first in
o rd e r to win se ats, like it is in an SM SP
syste m , the le ad e rs o f p artie s are le ss
like ly to ab and o n the ir se p arate
o rganizatio ns to co m b ine with o the rs. Th is
wo uld re q u ire the m to sacrifice so m e o f
the ir b e lie fs.Th is allo ws vo te rs to m aintain
alle g iance to the ir sm alle r p artie s and a
m ulti-p arty syste m is b o rn.
http ://ale xb o wye r.co m /wp -co nte nt/up lo ad s/2 01 0/05 /p ro p o rtio nal_ re p re se ntatio n_ fix e d .p ng.scale d 1 000.p ng
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