e-collaboration for healthcare (telemedicine / e-prescription)

E-collaboration for healthcare (Telemedicine / E-prescription)

Fellowship

Week 1Day 1,2

ITI Smart Village

04/24/23 1Information Technology Institute

Course Introduction"In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those who learnedto collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed."- Charles Darwin

• Discussing the past, the present and the future of collaboration gives a broad view on how we need to work interactively leading to better learning experiences; in this course, collaboration, communication, cooperation, coordination, networking, and interactivity concepts will be explained more thoroughly, selecting the internet as an electronic way not only to view information, but also to contribute to society.

• In this course, workshops will be conducted using web 2.0 tools to enrich the learning experience. Applying the concepts of online/mass collaboration will focus mainly on health care; this opens up two research topics: e-Prescription and Telemedicine; digging deeper in these topics would allow us to analyze more case studies, giving the ability to recommend the best online environment for healthcare professionals to support one another as well as supporting patients. E-Research tools will help in building up a digital online library to be used throughout the fellowship program.

Course ObjectivesAfter the completion of this course trainees should be able to:1. Understand what collaboration is and how to collaborate effectively2. Discuss the benefits of most web collaboration tools3. Apply concepts of online tutoring and communicate clearly4. Criticize some online virtual clinical practices constructively5. Identify problems and limitations of handwritten prescriptions6. List the potential benefits of electronic prescribing7. Describe the Sure Scripts and RxHub networks8. List the obstacles to widespread e-prescribing9. State the difference between telehealth and telemedicine10.List the various types of telemedicine such as teleradiology and

teleneurology

Course Objectives (Cont.)After the completion of this course trainees should be able to:11.List the potential benefits of telemedicine to patients /clinicians12.Identify the different means of transferring information with

telemedicine such as store and forward13.Describe the concepts of home and hospital telemonitoring 14.Enumerate the most significant ongoing telemedicine projects15.Identify the multiple ways IT can improve research16.State the general benefits of research automation17.Describe the benefits of electronic collaborative web sites18.Describe the specific benefits of electronic forms19.Compare and contrast the pros and cons of PDA based e-forms20.Construct a knowledge base of resources on a well-classified library

04/24/23 5

What is collaboration?TerminologiesSkills and Sub skills

Can we collaborate?Healthcare in EgyptWorkshop

How to e-collaborate?E-frameworkE-learningE-collaborationITS (tutoring)

Conclusion – Demo – Paper Guide

3 hours

Week 1 - Agenda

Information Technology Institute

2 hours

1 hour

Healthcare : Hierarchy of Needs

04/24/23 Information Technology Institute Slide 6

Why collaborate?

CollaborationYesterday, Today and Tomorrow

History of CollaborationThe Tower of Babel

• About 4000 BCEDo you remember the story of the

tower of Babel?• King Nimrod wanted to build a

tower to the heavens in order to wage war on Heaven and the Angels.

Where did they go wrong? • ARROGANCE (didn’t understand

their role in the universe) and • SKEWED VALUES - lamented the

lost bricks more than the lost people (who fell to their death).

The Consequences?• Suddenly each person spoke a

different language and they were no longer able to COLLABORATE. The tower project failed.

• Ever since, we’ve had a difficult time in working together - and it is still true that avoiding ARROGANCE and VALUING PEOPLE ABOVE TECHNOLOGY are still important elements for success.

Does anyone remember where exactly the Tower of Babel was constructed?

04/24/23 10Information Technology Institute04/24/23 10Information Technology Institute

Full Story:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Babel

Writing 3200 BC (Sumerian cuniform) Printing Press (Gutenberg 1450) Photography (Daguerre 1839) Telephone

(Bell 1876) Phonograph

(Edison 1877)

Quick History of Collaboration Tools

Movies (Lumiere 1895) Wireless (radio)

(Tesla 1891 or Marconi 1895)

Video Conferencing (Bell PicturePhone 1956)

Quick History of Collaboration Tools (cont.)

ARPANET 1969 John Postel David Crocker Vint Cerf

Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration tools

Killer App #1: Email (Ray Tomlinson 1971)“The first use of network email announced its own existence. “

Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration tools (cont.)

Graphical User Interface (1984 - $2495)

Note:Useability and“User-Friendly”are important.

Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration tools (cont.)

E-learning History

Year Invention1861 Telegraph is Invented

1876 Telephone is Invented

1969 Computer Data Networking is Invented DARPANET/ARPANET

1971 Email is Invented

1971 Computer Conferencing is Invented

Mid 70's University course are supplemented by Email and Conferencing

Mid 70's Virtual Communities of Practice Scientists use EIES to collaborate

1981 First Totally online Courses

(Non-formal, Adult Education)

The Source; EIES

1982 First Online Program (Executive Education) WBSI Executive Education (EIES)

1983 Networked Classroom Model Emerges

(Primary and Secondary Schools)

ICLN Research Project (4 countries)

RAPPI Canada X-Cultural Project

1985 First Totally Online Graduate Courses Connect-Ed (New School of Social Research)

OISE (University of Toronto)

1985 First Totally Online Labor Education Network Solinet: Candian Union of Public Employees

1986 First Totally Online Undergraduate Classroom Virtual Classroom (NJIT)

1986 First Online Degree Program Connect-ED, 1989 (University of Phoenix)

1986 Online Professional Development Communities Emerge OISE Ontario Educators Online Courses

1989 Internet Launched

1989 First Large Scale Online Courses Open University (U.K.)

1992 World Wide Web is Invented CERN (Switzerland)

1993 First National Educational Networks 1993 SchoolNet (Canada)

1996 First Large Scale Online Education Field Trials Virtual-U Research Project

• World Wide Web (1990 Time Berners-Lee @ CERN)Berners-Lee related how difficult it was ten years ago when he was demonstrating the Web for the first time. Viewers seeing him progress from one document to another by clicking on links were nonplussed -- it's when the system scales that the advantages may be reaped.

• Total number of web sites in the world in 1990 = 1.

• 2000- Semantic Web, WC3, and XML

Quick History of Computer-aided collaboration

• Oracle

CollaborationWorking jointly together in order to gain competitive advantageAims• Increased efficiency (“better service”)• Unified terminology, standards• Raising awareness / more relevant cases• Quality improvement (cost, services, time, risk)• Training, more skills, and outsourcing• Rapid diffusion of best practices• Stimulation of new hybrids and combinations• Availability of just-in-time expertise• Faster positive feedback cycles• Increasingly horizontal and distributed models of research and

innovation.

Terminologies• Communication: A message is sent from person A to person B,

and person B acknowledges receipt. There could be simple or complex information transferred in this message.

• Interaction: A message is sent from person A to person B, and person B acknowledges receipt, and person B sends a message back to person A in reply. The type of information that is transferred by an interaction is complex.

• Collaboration: Multiple interactions occur between two or more people for the transfer of complex information for some common goal over a specified period of time.

• Coordination, cooperation, networking, etc.

Directions of Collaboration

Vertical Collaboration Sequential collaboration

Horizontal Collaboration (Workgroup) Group collaboration Network collaboration

Group and Network collaboration

Collaboration of individuals and firms

Virtual group meetings (Video conferencing) Analysis and decision support systems Virtual environments, e.g. awareness sessions Knowledge exchange Developing/accessing capabilities, skills, resources

Levels of collaboration

• Collaboration is generally treated as meaning the cooperative way that two or more entities work together towards a shared goal. The Research Team developed the Levels of Collaboration scale, based on the work of other collaboration researchers (Hogue, 1993; Borden & Perkins, 1998, 1999) to measure progress over the five stages of collaboration.

• The five stages are described as:

Levels of collaboration (cont.)

1. Networking-Aware of organization-Loosely defined roles-Little communication -All decisions are made independently

2. Cooperation-Provide information to each other-Somewhat defined roles -Formal communication -All decisions are made independently

3. Coordination-Share information and resources -Defined roles -Frequent communication -Some shared decision making

4. Coalition-Share ideas-Share resources-Frequent and prioritized communication-All members have a vote in decision making

5. Collaboration-Members belong to one system -Frequent communication is characterized by mutual trust -Consensus is reached on all decisions

Levels of collaboration (cont.)

Collaboration levels of interaction

Collaboration vs. C-Three, by Leo Denise (Cooperation, Coordination, and Communication)

• Collaboration...cooperation...coordination...communication. We tend to use these words interchangeably. All are presumed descriptors of what people need to do to work together effectively. Yet when these words are mixed together, mush results. Each term is different and each has not only strengths but also limitations.

The CCCs of Togetherness• Communication speaks to how persons understand each other

and how information (not just “facts,” but policies, prospects, rumors, feelings, failures, and all other human experiences) is transferred in organizations. While “lack of communication” tops the problem list in most organizations, the diagnosis is a facile one for many reasons.

• Coordination, like communication, begins with an assumption of differences. Different persons, different units, different units create overlap, redundancy and/or separation without coordination. As in athletics, we are coordinated when the arms and legs move together. Everything falls into balance if not symmetry. Coordination is about efficiency and harmony.

• Unlike communication, however, coordination looks to inform each unit or part of the whole as to how and when it must act. Among the relationship betweenmajor coordination problems in any large organization is that between central office and field units. In many cases, coordination boils down to two conditions: that people and units know what they are to do and when they are to do it; and that they see the what they do and what the coordinated whole achieves.

(Cont.)

• Cooperation is important but so is divergence. If someone has a very different idea to contribute to the group—perhaps as a challenge to its current directions, norms, or assumptions, is it “non-cooperative” to raise it? Much of creativity comes from the sparks of disagreement, dissent, and even conflict.

• Cooperation too often becomes a call for increased socialization to a culture, not a prompt for high performance. Also, one opposite of cooperative is competitive. Do we deny that “competitive juices” can be useful? Consider also that virtually all of what we call “strategy” is about competitive or comparative advantage. Cooperative thinking is rarely the same as strategic insight.

(Cont.)

• Collaboration is not about agreement. It is about creation. As Michael Schrage puts it in his book, Shared Minds:

...collaboration is the process of shared creation: two or more individuals with complementary skills interacting to create a shared understanding that none had previously possessed or could have come to on their own. Collaboration creates a shared meaning about a process, a product, or an event. In

this sense, there is nothing routine about it. Something is there that wasn’t there before.

• Collaboration is distinct from each of the “C” words defined earlier. Unlike communication, it is not about exchanging information. It is about using information to create something new. Unlike coordination, collaboration seeks divergent insight and spontaneity, not structural harmony.

• And unlike cooperation, collaboration thrives on differences and requires the sparks of dissent. If we use this rigor to define collaboration, we will use the word much less frequently to describe what we do.

Collaboration vs. Cooperation and Coordination

More into Collaboration

The Main Idea of collaboration

• … is of working together• sharing of planning, making decisions, solving

problems, setting goals, assuming responsibility, working together cooperatively, communicating, and coordinating openly (Baggs & Schmitt, 1988). http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/499266_2

Collaborative Processes

1. Team Creation2. Idea Generation3. Decision-Making4. Work or Production5. Evaluation or Recap

Team Creation

• = connecting• Katzenbach and Smith

– Small numbers of people - < 12– Complementary skills in group members– Common purposes for working– Performance goals agreed upon– Shared working approaches– Mutual accountability amongst all members

The Wisdom of Teams. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2003.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_method

Idea Generation

• = creating• Brainstorming• Concept mapping / mind mapping• Breakdown (analysis)• Storyboarding• Role Play• Etc.

http://creatingminds.org/tools/tools_ideation.htm

Decision-Making

• = deciding• Autocratic• Hand-clasping and cliques• Consensus• Deliberative Processes• Polling• Voting (voting mechanisms)

http://www.csuchico.edu/sac/leaders/grpdecision.html

Work or Production

• = producing• Functions: execution, tracking, timelining and

optimizing…• Separate roles and responsibilities – individual

work• Iterative (eg. Word Update)• Common Environment (Music and Lyrics)

Evaluation or Recap

• = reflecting• Tabulation of expectations and results• Surveying, polling• Scoring and measurement against objective

standards • Story-telling, lessons learned• Collection of best practices

• Communication among PEOPLE; is hard• Lack of common language in between users• Tools takes the focus over what you want to

accomplish• Waste time on the Internet • Your online/virtual/electronic image should be

professional

Challenges collaborating using Technology

E-Learning

• Source: WR Hambrecht + Co

E-Learning Scenario

Internet

Collaboration + E-learning

= E-collaboration

Must involve “Social Media”

Leslie Bradshaw | Ag Comm | July 22, 2010

President & Co-Founder | JESS3

Principal & Partner | Bradshaw Vineyards

Tweet This: @LeslieBradshaw | @JESS3 | @BradshawPinot

FALSE!

Tweet This: @LeslieBradshaw | @JESS3 | @BradshawPinot | @RWW

Tweet This: @LeslieBradshaw | @JESS3 | @BradshawPinot | @ScottMonty | @Ford

Tweet This: @LeslieBradshaw | @JESS3 | @BradshawPinot | @EkaterinaWalter | @Intel

Tweet This: @LeslieBradshaw | @JESS3 | @BradshawPinot | @NMSosphere | @NationalJournal

Tweet This: @LeslieBradshaw | @JESS3 | @BradshawPinot

Medicine 2.0

http://web2097.blogspot.com

Victor Castilla MDVictor Castilla MD

What is Medicine?

Medicine combines both science as the evidence base and art in the application of this medical knowledge in combination with intuition and clinical judgment to determine the treatment plan for each patient.

What is Web 2.0 ?

"Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.“

Tim O'Reilly (2006-12-10). Web 2.0 Compact Definition: Trying Again.

What Web 2.0 is about ?

Web 2.0 Services

Web 2.0 + Medicine = Medicine 2.0

What is Medicine 2.0 ?

Medicine 2.0 is about realizing the potential of today's technology in Healthcare.

Medicine 2.0 is about working together.

Medicine 2.0 is about getting closer to colleagues and patients.

Why Medicine 2.0?

• It helps medical practitioners who needs lifelong learning to use the web to improve their practice.

• Because it is a wonderful resource for studying, lifelong learning and community learning.

http://www.slideshare.net/maxedmond/how-web-20-is-changing-medicine-39262/ by jessenfelix

Tools of Medicine 2.0 ?BlogsRSS

PodcastWebcast

WikisMedical Search

Content Sharing SitesVirtual World

Online CommunitiesOnline Companies

e-bookse-learning

Online Writing, etc

Why to use it?

• To save time• To share knowledge and

experience• To create knowledge• To collaborate with others• To communicate more

efficiently• To participate actively• To change the medicine

This was created by Scott Shreeve, MD

Additional Resources

1. Change Management Book:– Our iceberg is melting:

http://www.kotterinternational.com/kotterprinciples/OurIceberg.aspx

– Online course: http://www.leadingboldchange.com/prework/Demo/index.html

2. E-collaboration course blog:– hifellowship.wordpress.com

Assignment (01)Download a journal or conference paperMain resource: Scholar.google.com

1- It has to be related to collaboration in healthcare 2- Summarize what you read and understood and state how it can be useful for healthcare in Egypt 3- Submission is in two or three pages max.4- Deadline (Saturday 31 july, 2010) Send by email to: hi.fellowship@gmail.com5- Subject of the email has to be (Assignment 01: Your Name) Good Luck

Thanks

HI Fellowship ProgramR&D Department

Information Technology Institute

04/24/23 Information Technology Institute 73

Amena Safwatamenas@mcit.gov.eg

e-collaboration for healthcare (telemedicine / e-prescription)

eresearch tools

future of collaboration

course trainees

widespread eprescribingstate

electronic way

concepts of home

research topics

interactivity concepts

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