dna: the blueprint of life

Bell Ringer: What is mutation? How does this impact cell division, DNA replication, mitosis and meiosis?

DNA:The Blueprint of Life

Replication

1. Phosphate2. Sugar (Deoxyribose)3. Nitrogenous Base

1

23

G

C

A

T

G

C

C

C

CC

G

G

G

G

AA

TT

T

A

Top Sequence: GACGATTGACComplimentary: CTGCTAACTG

Bottom Sequence: CTGCTAACTGComplimentary: GACGATTGAC

Question 1. What is the sequence of each strand of DNA?Question 2. What is the complimentary sequence?

Replication:Process by which a cell

makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfZ8o9D1tus

Transcription

1

32

1. Phosphate2. Sugar (Ribose)3. Nitrogenous Base

Question 3. Is mRNA single-stranded or double-stranded?

mRNA (messenger RNA): RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.

Question 4. What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?

Question 5. What is the mRNA sequence?

GACGAUUGA

Question 6. What is the sequence of the template DNA?

CTGCTAACT

Why does sequence matter?

Genetic Code: Order of nitrogenous bases that specifies what type of protein will be produced.

Gene: Segment of DNA that codes for a protein

Gene

C T G C T A A C T

Genetic Code

Transcription: Process by which information on a strand of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA.

http://www.dnatube.com/video/3450/DNA-Transcription

Translation

C T G C T A A C T

Genetic Code

Question 7. What would the mRNA sequence be?

GAC GAU UGA

GACGAUUGA

Codon: Sequence of three nucleotides that encodes a specific amino acid.

Protein Synthesis

Question 8. Where does replication take place?

Question 9. Where does transcription take place?

Question 10. Where does protein synthesis take place?

Transfer RNA: RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.

mRNA attaches to the ribosome, where protein synthesis begins.

mRNA read in ‘triplicate’- 3-letter codes of bases specific for an amino acid

Attached amino acids become a protein chain.Question 11.

How many bases make a codon?

C T G C T A A C T

1. Convert DNA sequence to mRNA.

2. Use the chart to match codons to amino acids.

1. GAC GAU UGA

2. Val Val STOP

Translation: The process by which a protein is synthesized from the information

encoded on an mRNA strand.

http://go.distance.ncsu.edu/animations/proteinsynthesis/