diversity in water resources, costs and energy consumption

Diversity in water resources,costs and energy consumption

Leonard Carcolé

20th March 2009

Current data of water supply in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area

Greater Barcelona area

3,4 million inhabitants served

426 km2 served

211 hm3 annual consumption

4,470 km long network

2008 figures:

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+REVERSE OSMOSIS

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+REVERSE OSMOSIS

Greater Barcelona water supply today

LLOBREGATAQUIFERWELLS

LLOBREGATAQUIFERWELLS

EL PRATDESALINATION

PLANT

EL PRATDESALINATION

PLANT

CARDEDEUWTP

CARDEDEUWTP

ABRERAWTP + RED

ABRERAWTP + RED

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

+REVERSE OSMOSIS

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

+REVERSE OSMOSIS

The history of different resources

The Dosrius aqueduct (1867-1899)

DOSRIUSAQUEDUCT

0.004 kWh/m3

0.0006 €/m3

DOSRIUSAQUEDUCT

0.004 kWh/m3

0.0006 €/m3

The Dosrius aqueductNou Barris, Barcelona

30 km away

Collection wells in Llobregat and Besòs aquifers (1890-1950)

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

Steam engineand pumpCornellà1909

DOSRIUSAQUEDUCT

0.004 kWh/m3

0.0004 €/m3

DOSRIUSAQUEDUCT

0.004 kWh/m3

0.0004 €/m3

30 km away

Sant Joan Despí Water Treatment Plant (1955-1959)

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

0.14 kWh/m3

0.105 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

0.14 kWh/m3

0.105 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

RiverLlobregat

Cardedeu Water Treatment Plant (1966)

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

River Ter(60 km away)

WTPCardedeu1966

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

0.14 kWh/m3

0.105 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

0.14 kWh/m3

0.105 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

RiverLlobregat

Abrera Water Treatment Plant (1980)

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

River Ter(60 km away)

WTPAbrera1980

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

0.14 kWh/m3

0.105 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

0.14 kWh/m3

0.105 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

ABRERA WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.104 €/m3

ABRERA WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.104 €/m3

RiverLlobregat

Besòs Reverse Osmosis Plant (2004)

River Ter(60 km away)

Reverse OsmosisBesòs2004

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+ REVERSE OSMOSIS

1.43 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+ REVERSE OSMOSIS

1.43 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

0.14 kWh/m3

0.105 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP

0.14 kWh/m3

0.105 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

ABRERA WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.104 €/m3

ABRERA WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.104 €/m3

RiverLlobregat

Sant Joan Despí Reverse Osmosis Plant + Abrera Reverse Electrodialysis Plant (2009)

ABRERAWTP + RED

0.816 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

ABRERAWTP + RED

0.816 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

River Ter(60 km away)

WTP + Reverse OsmosisSant Joan Despí2009

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+ REVERSE OSMOSIS

1.43 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+ REVERSE OSMOSIS

1.43 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS

0.85 kWh/m3

0.150 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS

0.85 kWh/m3

0.150 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

RiverLlobregat

El Prat Desalination Plant (2009)

EL PRATDESALINATION PLANT

3 kWh/m3

0.35 €/m3

EL PRATDESALINATION PLANT

3 kWh/m3

0.35 €/m3

River Ter(60 km away)

Desalination PlantEl Prat2009

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS

0.85 kWh/m3

0.150 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS

0.85 kWh/m3

0.150 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+ REVERSE OSMOSIS

1.43 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+ REVERSE OSMOSIS

1.43 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

ABRERAWTP + RED

0.816 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

ABRERAWTP + RED

0.816 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

RiverLlobregat

Reclaimed water for re-use (2009)

River Ter(60 km away)

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

CARDEDEU WTP

0.16 kWh/m3

0.090 €/m3

EL PRATDESALINATION PLANT

3 kWh/m3

0.35 €/m3

EL PRATDESALINATION PLANT

3 kWh/m3

0.35 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+ REVERSE OSMOSIS

1.43 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

BESÒSAQUIFER WELLS

+ REVERSE OSMOSIS

1.43 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

LLOBREGATAQUIFER WELLS

0.18 kWh/m3

0.053 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS

0.85 kWh/m3

0.150 €/m3

SANT JOAN DESPÍWTP + REVERSE OSMOSIS

0.85 kWh/m3

0.150 €/m3

Reclaimed waterfor re-useEl Prat WWTP2009

ABRERAWTP + RED

0.816 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

ABRERAWTP + RED

0.816 kWh/m3

0.200 €/m3

RiverLlobregat

Cost summary and other considerations

Summary of resources and production costs

New resource Increase regarding Increase regarding Increase in the

previous resource previous scenario customer's bill

Dosrius acqueduct 0,0006 €/m3 -- 0,0006 €/m3

Llob. And Besòs Wells 0,053 €/m3 8733,33% 0,053 €/m3 8733,33% 4,97%Sant Joan Despí WTP 0,105 €/m3 98,11% 0,084 €/m3 58,49% 2,80%Cardedeu WTP 0,090 €/m3 -14,29% 0,090 €/m3 7,14% 0,53%Abrera WTP 0,104 €/m3 15,56% 0,093 €/m3 3,33% 0,26%Mesòs Wells+Reverse Osmose 0,200 €/m3 92,31% 0,097 €/m3 4,30% 0,35%SJD WTP+R/O 0,150 €/m3 -25,00%Abrera RED 0,200 €/m3 33,33%Reclaimed water for re-use 0,338 €/m3 69,00% 0,175 €/m3 80,41% 6,78%El Prat Desalination Plant 0,350 €/m3 3,55% (estimate for 2010)

Production cost Weighted average

cost

OUR WATER RESOURCES MUST BE SUSTAINABLE

The cost of production, an exponential increase

OUR WATER RESOURCES MUST BE SUSTAINABLE

Growth of the Ter-Llobregat water supply

In the last 35 years:

resources: 20%

population: 40%

OUR WATER RESOURCES MUST BE SUSTAINABLE

The threat of restrictions: a latent risk

ALERT ALERTALERT

ALERTALERT

ALERT

Evolution of the water resources in the Ter-Llobregat systemTer: 398 hm3

Llobregat: 213 hm3

RESERVOIR CAPACITIES

Diversity in water resources,costs and energy consumption

Leonard Carcolé

20th March 2009