distributed energy resources in microgrids · distributed generation controls to “island”...
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Distributed Energy Resources in
Microgrids PowerUp Energy Conference
Jim Plourde
Program Director, Federal Microgrids and Advanced Power Systems
October 28, 2015
5 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
What is a Microgrid?
Critical Loads
Distributed Generation
Controls To “Island” Stability
An integrated energy system consisting of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources which as an integrated system can operate in parallel with the grid or in an intentional islanded mode.
Electrical Distribution Protection and Control
Have to have: • Distributed Generation
(conventional or renewable) • Critical loads • Controls to Island and shed
o preserving critical loads and system stability
• Electrical Distribution Protection and Control
Usually have: • Inverter based generation sources • Storage or load flexibility • AMI and SCADA Software • A communications network • Sequence of Events Recording(SER)
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Our perspective
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Positive Microgrid
market drivers:
• Feasible financial models
demonstrating ROI
• Federal mandates for EE
• Increased focus on security
• Expanding interest in having
consistent codes and
standards
• Co-opetition with utilities
• Energy storage options are
increasing and costs are
dropping
Benefits in adopting
Microgrids:
• Organize distributed energy
resources into a beneficial
supplemental power source
for end-users and the grid
• Reduce cost of peak power
while enhancing grid reliability
• Enhance reliability,
seamlessly interconnecting
with and separating from the
grid when it experiences an
outage
• Disconnect from the grid
when the cost of power
exceeds the cost of local
generation
• Serve a remote or otherwise
logistically difficult area
“Grid modernization is
really going to change
the rules of the game,”
said Ann Berwick, Chair
of the Mass. Dept. of
Public Utilities. “Utilities,
regulators, customers…
It’s going to break open
our world to all kinds of
new approaches to the
distribution of electricity
and how we pay for it.”
Public Utilities
agree that
change is on
its way…
10 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Microgrid Expertise Varied Experience
Experience working on different DER types > Base load (on all the time)
- Conventional
- Gas Steam Turbine, Diesels
- Inverter Based
- Solar, Wind, Fuel Cell, Micro turbines, Electrical Energy Storage
> Emergency
- Diesels – Healthcare, Datacenter, critical applications
> Experience working on different Control types > Open Transition
> Close Transition
> Hybrid
12 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Value Proposition
• Minimize energy costs
through fuel switching, load
control and grid services
• Prioritize most critical loads
• Have energy flexibility with
the grid
• Harness combined heat and
power, maximize incentives
Efficiency & Optimization
• Incorporate low cost solar, CHP and other Distributed Energy Resources
• Implement net-zero projects, reducing carbon footprint
• Store energy for stability and grid services
Green Energy
Reliable Energy
• Ability to proactively island
from utility and reconnect
• Preserve critical loads
24/7/365
• Repurposing grid tied
inverters for island mode
operation
• Determine root cause of
outages and restore power
quickly
Green Energy
Customize DERs to deliver enhanced reliability; efficiency and
optimization; and environmental benefits.
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SE Integration & Controls enable Microgrids
Arc Fault Mitigation Can save a substation
SER can pinpoint a root Cause is minutes vs. hours or days (downstream PCC)
MAINS and INTERCONNECT Where DER is in continued parallel operation, high speed control allows preservation of the most critical load, even potential export of DER
1b - High speed grid data, Freq. Triggers armed loads to shed, site wide Relaying and control retrofits and analysis
1c – Dynamic control relies upon knowing Precise load data, even if it is several seconds old
Rotating DER sources can be used as an anchor resource to safely repurpose grid tied solar, fuel Cells
Traditional AMI data/metering
Reliable SCADA, with near time load data and Real time source data is the key to “State of the Art” Microgrid controls. System Stability data is the other key 1
2
3 BiDirectional high speed inverters can
add MG stability (voltage, frequency) and increase system capacity (kVARs)
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Storage
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SE has key hardware/software bricks in PLCs, Relays, SERs, SCADA,
17 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
400kW Fuel
Cell/Inverter
System
50kW Load Bank
CL&P 13.8kV
500kVA Xfmr
2 x 3.3kW PV
Arrays/Inverters
Switchable Facility Loads
Microgrid
Controller
480V 480V
208V 208V
UCONN - Load Management
18 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
UCONN – Distribution Automation
400kW Fuel
Cell/Inverter
System
50kW Load Bank
CL&P 13.8kV
500kVA Xfmr
2 x 3.3kW PV
Arrays/Inverters
Switchable Facility Loads
Microgrid
Controller
480V 480V
208V 208V
MV Circuit
Breakers
LV Circuit
Breakers
19 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
UCONN – Grounding w/ Zig-Zag Xfmr
400kW Fuel
Cell/Inverter
System
50kW Load Bank
CL&P 13.8kV
500kVA Xfmr
2 x 3.3kW PV
Arrays/Inverters
Switchable Facility Loads
Microgrid
Controller
480V 480V
208V 208V
Zig-Zag Xfmr
400A Neutral
Ground
Resistor
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Oncor MicroGrid
4 MG Zones including 9 generation assets
(2) PV arrays
(1) Microturbine
(2) Batteries
(4) Generators
http://microgridknowledge.com/rumor-is-true-oncor-unveils-first-
of-a-kind-microgrid/
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Chevron Load Preservation Microgrid
K e e p i n g 1 6 0 M W + o f
C H P u p w h e n t h e g r i d
i s d o w n
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http://microgrids.schneider-electric.us/
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Oncor MicroGrid
4 MG Zones including 9 generation assets
(2) PV arrays
(1) Microturbine
(2) Batteries
(4) Generators
http://microgridknowledge.com/rumor-is-true-oncor-unveils-first-
of-a-kind-microgrid/
29
http://microgrids.schneider-electric.us/
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Conclusions and Questions
●Almost every MG is a brown field
●Create and follow a proper Preconstruction and Design plan
● Know your drivers - source and uses
● Understand constraints and goals
● Identify the critical and less critical loads
●Real Time Operation
● Have a system in place for monitoring and optimizing the microgrid level resources
● Understand control operations in each Sequence of Operations
● Nothing is ever static
●For best results, the MG controller must adjust based on real time and forecasted
status
●You can’t control what you can’t measure
●Testing and simulation are critical
●Questions
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Wrap Up
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