“digital ecosystems”: the next frontier for smes and european local regional clusters? eisco’...
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“Digital Ecosystems”:The Next Frontier for SMEs and European Local Regional Clusters?
EISCO’ 2005:EISCO’ 2005:
i2010 (eEurope): New Horizons, i2010 (eEurope): New Horizons,
New Tasks for Local New Tasks for Local
and Regional Governmentsand Regional Governments
EISCO’ 2005:EISCO’ 2005:
i2010 (eEurope): New Horizons, i2010 (eEurope): New Horizons,
New Tasks for Local New Tasks for Local
and Regional Governmentsand Regional Governments
Gérald Santucci
European Commission – DG Information Society and Media
Head of Unit “ICT for Enterprise Networking“
Gérald Santucci
European Commission – DG Information Society and Media
Head of Unit “ICT for Enterprise Networking“
Krakow, 2-4 June 2005
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Towards a Global Dynamic Competition
• More interrelations
• More specialised resources
• More R&D / innovation
• Accessing to global value chain
• Accessing to knowledge
Growth Node Business EcosystemIndustrial District
How to reach the critical mass of resources?
Virtual Cluster
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Different Views to Ecosystem Metaphor
•Biological EcosystemTightly knit into a global continuum of energy and nutrients and organisms – the biosphere. Dynamic, constantly remaking themselves, reacting to natural disturbances and to the competition among and between species.
•Industrial EcosystemFrosch and Gallopoulos, 1989To bring the principles of sustainable development into all kinds of industrial operations.
•Economy as an EcosystemRothschild, 1990.The basic mechanisms of economic change are remarkably similar with those found in nature – main difference is speed.Organisms and organisations are “nodes in networks of relationships”.
•Social EcosystemMitleton-Kelly, 2003.Organisations are co-evolving within a social ecosystem.
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J.F. Moore, 1993 & 1996Customers, lead producers, competitors, other stakeholders.“The keystone species” influence the co-evolutionary processes.Interaction (within a business ecosystem); decentralised decision-making and self-organisation.Core capabilities are exploited to produce the core product.
M. Iansiti and R. Levien, 2004A large number of loosely interconnected participants who depend on each other for their mutual effectiveness and survival.Fragmentation, interconnectedness, co-operation, competition.Three critical success factors: Productivity; Robustness; Nice creation.Four different roles: Keystones; Niche players; Dominators; Hub landlords.
T. Power and G. Jerjian, 2001 A system of websites (“organisms”) occupying the World Wide Web (habitat”), together with those aspects of the real world with which they interact.Becoming a networked business = changing everything that the company does.Four stakeholders: communities of shareholders; employees; businesses; customers.
Business Ecosystem
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Astley & Fombrun, 1983:“Collective strategy is a systematic response by a set of organisations that collaborate in order to absorb the variation present in their environment”
•Gueguen & Pellegrin-Boucher, 2004• Dialectics of competition strategies vs. co-operation strategies• Co-evolution: more co-operation yet maintaining a high level of
competition• Co-operation and competition are embedded in the “culture” of
business ecosystems
Inter-organisational and Collective Strategies in SMEs
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Game theoryMultipoint/multi-market competition
Pure & perfect competition
Homogeneous actorsHomogeneous actors
Imperfect competition
Heterogeneous actorsHeterogeneous actors
Business ecosystems
DDEEEEPPEENNIINNGG
Simpleinteractions
Complexinteractions
ENLARGEMENTENLARGEMENT
A New Concept to Understand Today’s Business “Collective Strategies”
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Increased complexity in Business Networking
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An approach promoted by DG INFSO-D/5A “digital environment” populated by “digital species”
software components, applications, services, knowledge, business models, training modules, contractual frameworks, laws, etc.
The environment enables species to behave like species in the natural world
InteractExpress an independent behaviourEvolve – or become extinct – following laws of market selection
Digital Ecosystem: the Vision
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ICTscatalyse
improve
improve
New organisational& business models
Policysupports
Digital Ecosystem: the Strategy
“Digital Ecosystem Infrastructure”
Growth
Competitiveness, market & internal
efficiency
Co-operation &innovation networks
improve
lead to
encourage
provideresources
Open SourceEvolutionary infrastructure
makeviable
shape& foster
supports
supportBiology
enhances
Economic growth in the knowledge based economy requires a broad deployment and use of ICT by enterprises and public institutions
A commercial environmentwhere s/w developers, service providers and service users can tradeprofitably and competitively on a new ‘Common Land’
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19 million enterprises in Europe 99.7% are SMEs, 93% are micro (< 10 employees) ICT skills usually from outsiders
Providing SMEs with customised ICT applications & services for improving their efficiency (through process and organisational integration) and for extending their business beyond local barriers
The Key Actors: SMEs
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System integrators Service providers Software component developers
Open source communitiesOpen systems developers
Enabling these organisations to keep and preserve their knowledge and the possibility to develop/integrate ICT-based applications
The Key Actors: ICT-related Organisations
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From traditional rural economy to e-economyConnectivity high-speed fibre-optic telecom network; wireless in areas where cable is uneconomicDigital literacy ICT-enabled social and entrepreneurial activities
Promoting regional economic growth, competitiveness and employment
Rejuvenating industrial areas through adoption of distributed, networked and open systemsNetworking of SMEs and experimenting with new services and new business models
Synergies with the Structural Funds
The Key Actors: Regions
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Technical Infrastructure
Legal Framework & FinancialConditions
Human Capital, Knowledge &
Practices
Governance&
IndustrialPolicy
Digital Ecosystem and Regions
Support of regional research-driven clustersassociating universities, research centres, enterprises and regional authorities
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Digital Ecosystem: the General Architecture
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Knowledge-Based Economy
DBE
Business Ecosystems and Regional EconomiesSocio-economicknowledge
Basic Models and Services Digital Ecosystem Structure
Digital Ecosystem
Open-source service-oriented architecture
NetworkInfrastructure
Semantics ofservices
Syntax of economicbehaviour
Business rules,Regulatory Framework
Formalisation ofKnowledge
(F.Languages)
Digital Ecosystem: the General Architecture
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IST-FP6 Call 5 “ICT for Networked Businesses”Digital business ecosystems for SMEs
Open-source distributed self-adaptive environment and models enabling SMEs to co-operate for design, development of flexible and adaptable components interoperable with proprietary systemsSupport of spontaneous composition, sharing distribution of business solutions and knowledge
IST in FP7Technology Pillar “Software, Grids, security and dependability”Application Pole “ICT supporting business and industry”
New forms of dynamic networked co-operative business processes, digital ecosystems
i2010Take-up of ICT an integrated policy on e-business giving special attention to SMEs
Looking Ahead
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i2010 – What is different from eEurope?
Convincing evidence of the positive effects of ICTe.g. SMEs to take up ICT, and more investment in R&D
ICT world is more mature and global => from a pilot phase to wide deployment
Covers the whole chain of EU Information Society and Media policiesRegulation, research and deployment
Emphasis on convergence, networking, content, public services and quality of life
New ways to implement
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The business environment tends to become truly “knowledge-centric” instead of “document-centric”
Clustering/networking of SMEs, CRM and SCM solutionsBusiness performance of SMEs throughout lifecycleEffecting collaborative content/knowledge creationIncreasing the effectiveness of SMEs’ valuable business asset – knowledge
Digital Business Ecosystem to become the Internet’s new ‘Common Land’
Knowledge is a ‘good’ augmented by its use and consumptionLike the Internet itself, no one owns or controls knowledge
The open road to the Lisbon goals through i2010
Conclusions
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