descriptive inorganic chemistry chem 241 12-1 m, w bill vining 232 physical sciences building...

Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry Chem 241

12-1 M, W

Bill Vining232 Physical Sciences Building436-2698viningwj@oneonta.edu

Sit in First 8 Rows

Inorganic Chemistry

• One of the three descriptive chemistries:– Organic Chemistry– Biochemistry– Inorganic Chemistry

Theoretical and Practical Chemistries: Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry: Chemistry for the rest of the elements.

Chem 241 Topics• Origin of the Elements• Nuclear Chemistry

– Stability– Practical Nuclear Chemistry

• Chemical Formation of the Earth and Ore• Obtaining the Elements: Extraction

– Methods for Metals and Nonmetals• Properties of the Main Group Elements

– The elements themselves– Oxides, halides of the elements

• Bonding and Properties of Metals

Chem 241 Topics• Chemistry in Water

– Charge Density– Enthalpy, Entropy and Solubility– Acid-Base Properties

• Atmospheric Chemistry– Global Warming– Acid Rain– Ozone

• Coordination Chemistry– Complex Types– Bonding– Symmetry in Chemistry– Spectroscopy

Official StuffCourse Website: http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/chem241/

Text: Online pdf

http://employees.oneonta.edu/viningwj/chem241/text/

Grading:

Three exams, including the final (not cumulative) 300 pointsHomework 100 pointsElement Poster Session 50 points

Homework: OWL

http://owl.oit.umass.eduChoose Chemistry General, UMass Amherst, then choose SUNY Oneonta, Chem 241Login: SUCO + your email up to the @ sign (mine would be SUCOviningwj)Password: your A00 number

First Topic

Where do all these elements come from?

How are they made?

Are they made?

Our Guide:

What aspects of this should we explain?

What will our explanations depend on?

Thermodynamics: relative stability

Kinetics: rate and mechanism

General Decrease in Abundance with Atomic Number

Even > Odd

Peak at Fe

Peak at Pb

Trough at Be

Missing Tc and Pm and Above N = 83

Nucleosynthesis of the Elements

Hydrogen Burning

1H + 1H 2H + e+ + ve

2H + 1H 3He +

3He + 3He 4He +21H

Why does this happen only in stars?

41H 4He + 2e+ + 2ve

Helium Burning

4He +4He 8Be8Be + 4He 12C* 12C +

3 4He 12C +

Is this easier or harder than hydrogenburning?

Carbon Burning, etc.

12C + 4He 16O + 16O + 4He 20Ne + 20Ne + 4He 24Mg + 12C + 12C 24Mg + 12C + 12C 23Na + 1H12C + 12C 20Ne + 4He

Go back to initial Questions. Can weanswer any?

The -Process

20Ne + 16O + 4He

20Ne + 4He 24Mg +

2 20Ne 16O + 24Mg +

40Ca + 4He 44Ti* + 44Ti* + e- 44Sc* + v+

44Sc* 44Ca + + + v+

44Ca + 4He 48Ti +

Interlude: Nuclear Reaction Equations

Neutron Capture-Beta Decay

65 6629 29

66 6629 30

66 6730 30

67 6830 30

68 6930 30

69 6930 31

69 7031 31

70 7031 32

Cu n Cu

Cu Zn

Zn n Zn

Zn n Zn

Zn n Zn

Zn Ga

Ga n Ga

Ga Ge

B

B

B

r- and s-processes:

Stability of Nuclei

Which nuclei exist and which are radioactive.

What are the trendsin nuclear binding energy.

Common types of Radioactive Decay

Beta decay: Cu-66

Alpha decay: U-238

Positron emission:

Electron capture:

Island of stability

The problem with Radon.

Explain trends in Island of Stability

Binding Energy

How much more stable are nucleons in a nucleus than they are alone?

Measured as a mass defect (loss):

Class Calculations

Element protons mass number exact mass

Using Excel to do this:isotopedata_stable.xls