depth perception: surgical film and the problem of anatomical legibility

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“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)

“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)

MY FATHER, RABBI ISRAEL SARNOFF

,

THE CINIiJfA IN SURGERY

Recording in JIOtion picturea the operation tor the removal. ot a twiated ovarian qat

NES INFLATED BY TH E MO-V! MEiHOD

1896First commercial film exhibition

1898

Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films

1896First commercial film exhibition

1898

Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films

1896First commercial film exhibition

1915

AMA introduces motion picture theaters

1898

Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films

1917Sarnoff begins making films

1896First commercial film exhibition

1915

AMA introduces motion picture theaters

1898

Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films

1921

AMA bans surgical films

1917Sarnoff begins making films

1896First commercial film exhibition

1915

AMA introduces motion picture theaters

1898

Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films

1921

AMA bans surgical films

1924Sarnoff makes “Circulatory System”

1917Sarnoff begins making films

1896First commercial film exhibition

1915

AMA introduces motion picture theaters

1928

AMA closes motion-picture theaters altogether

1898

Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films

1921

AMA bans surgical films

1924Sarnoff makes “Circulatory System”

1917Sarnoff begins making films

1896First commercial film exhibition

1915

AMA introduces motion picture theaters

1928

AMA closes motion-picture theaters altogether

1935American College of Surgeons begins endorsing films

1898

Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films

1921

AMA bans surgical films

1924Sarnoff makes “Circulatory System”

1917Sarnoff begins making films

1896First commercial film exhibition

1915

AMA introduces motion picture theaters

1928

AMA closes motion-picture theaters altogether

1935American College of Surgeons begins endorsing films

1941

AMA reintroduces motion-picture theaters

1898

Eugène-Louis Doyen begins making surgical films

1921

AMA bans surgical films

1924Sarnoff makes “Circulatory System”

1917Sarnoff begins making films

1896First commercial film exhibition

1915

AMA introduces motion picture theaters

Eugène-Louis Doyen separating “Siamese twins” Radica and Doodica in 1902

“There is a personal flavor about the photograph which is absent in the drawing or the outline.”

“spoiled by beautiful photoengravings”

“spoiled by beautiful photoengravings”

“simple diagrams would have been most instructive”

“depriving us of diagrams”

“depriving us of diagrams”

“due place”

“connected sequence”

“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)

“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)

Animation frames, 1951

“We need diagrams ...

“We need diagrams ...

...that will show the actual technic”

“interpolate animation where [photography] fails”

“your own ability to think in diagram”

“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)

“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)

American College of Surgeons Multimedia Atlas of Surgery (2006)

American College of Surgeons Multimedia Atlas of Surgery (2006)

“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)

“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)

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