cpu and its execution of statements

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CPU and its execution of statements

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CPU

• Interaction between functional blocks• Blocks of Computer System• Functions of CPU

Interaction between functional blocks

MEMORY UNITMEMORY UNIT OUTPUT UNITOUTPUT UNITINPUT UNITINPUT UNIT

CONTROL UNITCONTROL UNIT ALUALU

datadata

instructioninstruction readread writewrite

resultresult

To user

(Result)

To user

(Result)

Control signals

Control signals

operandoperand

___ data flow

------Control flow

Interaction between functional blocks (contd)

• Data is supplied to the computer through an input device.

• The data is then transferred to memory under the supervision of the control unit.

Interaction between functional blocks (contd)

• Each instruction is interpreted before execution

• Control unit informs the ALU of the precise operation to be performed and

• Directs the transfer of operands to the ALU

Interaction between functional blocks (contd)

• The ALU then performs all calculations and comparisons needed

• And the results are then passed unto the memory unit, from there to the output unit

Blocks of CPU

CPU (Central Processing Unit)ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)

It performs two types of operations

1. Arithmetic Operations.

2. Logical Operations.

ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)Operation : Symbol

Addition : +

Subtraction : -

Multiplication : *

Division : /

Logical Operations

• Logical AND• Logical OR• Logical NOT

• Logical EXCLUSIVE OR

CU (Control Unit)

• Controls the operations that takes place in various parts of a computer by sending electronic signals.

• Supervises the flow of data in various parts of computer such as input device, output device, and memory devices.

Functions of CPUCPU performs everything in binary form

• It takes the information and process it according to instructions.

• It performs all calculations.

• It takes all decisions.

• It controls all units of computer.

registers

• small amount of storage available as part of a CPU

• Mean for the fastest way to access data• registers are normally at the top of the

memory hierarchy

Hierarchy of registers

How does CPU execute instructions?

• Computer load instruction from RAM to CPU for execution

• Instructions are in the form of 0 and 1 which is called machine language

• CPU only understand machine language

Example

• Let us say that an electric pen has a processor and main memory.

• The processor can change color of pen black or blue, and can check the on/off switch

How does CPU execute instructions?

• High level language can be converted to machine language by compiler or interpreter

Compiler vs interpreter

• CompilerSoftware which translate the program as a

wholeEg:-c compiler• InterpreterSoftware which translate the program line by

line Eg:-java

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