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Yusof Ishak Secondary SchoolHumanities Study TourHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
10th Jun to 14th Jun 2011
Journal
Name _______________________________
Group _______________________________
For Core History and Elective Geography Students
Knowledge is the Light of Life
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GENERAL INFORMATION
STA TravelIn case of emergencyDan Yeo :97283344, Office Tel :67377188
YISS TeachersIn case of emergencyMs Mages: 98530651, Mr Adam:90612747
Ministry of Foreign AffairsOne Call Centre toll-free:
Call from Singapore at 1800-476-8870Call from overseas at (65) 6379-8000
Singapore Embassy in Ho Chi Minh,General Consulate of Singapore in Ho
Chi Minh, Vietnam, The Saigon Centre,Level 865 Le Loi Boulevard, District 1 Ho ChiMinh City, Vietnam, Phone: (84-8)8225174Fax: (84-8) 9142938
ItineraryDay 1 10th Jun
(Fri)Day 2 11th Jun
(Sat)Day 3 12th Jun
(Sun)Day 4 13th Jun
(Mon)Day 5 14th Jun
(Tue)
H Ch Minh City
C Chi Tunnel
SingaporeVietnam
Industrial Park
Long ThnhSchool
Cn Gireforestation
project
Mangroveecosystem
Rung SacGuerrila Base
Water PuppetShow
M Tho Mekong Delta
Bnh Ty RiceCo-operative
Thi Sn islet Boat Cruise
War RemnantMuseum
Notre DameCathedral
Central Postoffice
Bn ThnhMarket
Singapore
FLIGHT SCHEDULE
10 JunSQ 172 SIN/SGN -0950/1055Hrs14 JunSQ 185 SGN/SIN -
1945/2240HrsAssemble: T2 Row 7 @ 0730 HrMeet in School @ 0645 Hr
ACCOMMODATION
Ho Chi Minh City NewPacific Hotel
Address: 9-11 Ky Dong Street,Ward 9, District 3, HCM City
Tel: +84 4 39 27 41 20
Fax: +84 4 39 27 41 18Hotline: +84 1234 68 69 96
ACCOMMODATION
Can Gio District Can GioResort
Address: THanh Thoi Str, LongHoa Ward, Can Gio Dist
Tel:(84-8) 874 33 33 - 874 33
37Fax:(84-8) 874 33 34
http://yissvietnam2011.blogspot.com OR school website: http://www.yiss.moe.edu.sg Programmes Internalisation Programme
Currency :Name :Vietnamese Dong (VND)1 SGD = 11105 VND (Subjected to changes)1 USD = 16795VND (Subjected to changes)
A cheaper call-back service is available when you areoverseas with auto-roaming facilities. You may dial :Singtel : *121*65_______#Starhub: *108*65_______#M1 : *138*65_______#
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http://yissvietnam2011.blogspot.com/http://yissvietnam2011.blogspot.com/http://www.yiss.moe.edu.sg/http://yissvietnam2011.blogspot.com/http://www.yiss.moe.edu.sg/ -
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GROUPINGS
NAT GEO TEAM HISTORY CHANNEL TEAMDELTA SOYA
BEANBAMBOO MANGROVE TUK TUK COFFEE YELLOW
STAR
TL Sasikumar EuniceTan
SitiMahirah
MuhammadSulaiman
MuhamadNur Khairi
Melvin Tan Claire Ang
MD MuhdAfiz
JeremyKoh
Peh LayPing
Gabriel Yip MuhammadMustaqim
Lexsana SitiMardiana
IT MuhdAsyidiq
AlvinKhoo
NurulHuda
MohamedNarahj
AmirudyChen
Wong KaiZhi
Murni
AbdulWafi
Chiam YuQuan
DayangSari
Andy Alfian MuhammadJazli
Ho WeiZhen /Kerthana
Sun Shin
MuhdAmirul
Mark Sng Nur Hanis SouriyasackSinnie JulieAnne
BLOGGING DUTIES
Day 1 10th Jun(Fri)
Day 2 11th Jun(Sat)
Day 3 12th Jun(Sun)
Day 4 13th Jun(Mon)
Day 5 14th Jun(Tue)
C Chi Tunnel SingaporeVietnam
Industrial Park
Cn GiMangroveecosystem
M Tho Mekong Delta
War RemnantMuseum
Notre DameCathedral
Central Postoffice
COFFEETUK TUK
SOYA BEAN MANGROVE DELTA
Long ThnhSchool
Cn Gireforestation
project
Bnh Ty RiceCo-operative
BAMBOO
DELTA
BAMBOO TUK TUK
SOYA BEAN
YELLOW STAR
Rung SacGuerrila Base
Camp by Canoe
Thi Sn islet Boat Cruise
YELLOW STAR MANGROVE
Water PuppetShow
COFFEE
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To create a deeper understanding of the various themes and concepts in their core
history / core Geography curriculum through an experiential learning experience as theyexplore and appreciate the various learning sites at Ho Chi Minh city and Mekong Delta.
A Study Tour which is map out of the Core Hist and Core Geo syllabuses which cover thereasons and impact of colonialism in Vietnam and the coastal and river features situated atthe Mekong River.
MY COMMITMENT
1. I choose to participate in this study tour because:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. My expectations (s) of this programme:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. How I can contribute to make this trip a wonderful experience for everyone:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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ABOUT VIETNAM
The Viet Nam flag : The five points of the star stand for the farmers, workers, intellectuals,
youth and soldiers. Adopted 1955
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the
IndochinaPeninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laosto the
northwest, and Cambodia to the southwest. On the country's east coast lies the South China
Sea. With a population of over 85 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the
world. The country is listed among the "Next Eleven" economies; according to government
figures,GDP growth was 8.17% in 2006, the second fastest growth rate among countries in
East Asia and the fastest in Southeast Asia. Late 2007, the ministry of finance said the GDP
growth was estimated to hit a ten-year high record at 8.44% in 2007.
Etymology
Through the centuries, Vietnam has been called by many different names: Vn Lang during the
Hng Vng Dynasty, u Lc during the An Dng Vng dynasty, Van Xuan during the
Anterior L Dynasty,i C Vitduring theinh dynasty and Anterior L Dynasty. Starting in
1054, Vietnam was called i Vit (Great Viet). During the H Dynasty, Vietnam was calledi
Ngu. Then, in 1804, King Gia Long planned to use the name of Nam Vit for Vietnam but the
Qing dynasty ofChina disagreed and changed it to Vit Nam. In English, the two syllables were
written into one: Vietnam. From 1839 to 1945, EmperorMinh Mng renamed Vit Nam to iNam.
The name Vit Nam had been used for this country before it became the official name in "D
a ch" of Nguyn Tri written in 1435 and perhaps even before. "Vit" is the name of the
largest ethnic group in Vietnam: the Kinh (ngi Kinh) and "Nam" means "the South", affirming
Vietnam's sovereignty from China (usually called "North country" to Vietnamese people).
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HISTORY
Western Colonial era
Vietnam's independence ended in the mid-1800s, when the country was colonized by the
French. The French administration imposed significant political and cultural changes on
Vietnamese society. A Western-style system of modern education was developed, and
Christianity was introduced into Vietnamese society. Developing a plantation economy to
promote the exports of tobacco, indigo, tea and coffee, the French largely ignored increasing
calls for self-government and civil rights. A nationalist political movement soon emerged, with
leaders such as Phan Boi Chau, Phan Chu Trinh, EmperorHam Nghi and Ho Chi Minh calling
for independence. However, the French maintained control of their colonies until World War II,
when the Japanese war in the Pacific triggered the invasion ofFrench Indochina in 1941. This
event was preceded by the establishment of the Vichy French administration, a puppet state of
Nazi Germany then ally of the Japanese Empire. The natural resources of Vietnam were
exploited for the purposes of the Japanese Empire's military campaigns into the British
Indochinese colonies ofBurma, the Malay Peninsula and India.
First Indochina War
In 1941, Viet Minh - a communist and nationalist liberation movement emerged underHo Chi
Minh, to seek independence for Vietnam from France as well as to oppose the Japanese
occupation. Following the military defeat of Japan and the fall of its Vietnamese colony inAugust 1945, Viet Minh occupied Hanoi and proclaimed a provisional government, which
asserted independence on September 2. In the same year the Provisional French Republic
sent the French Far East Expeditionary Corps, which was originally created to fight the
Japanese occupation forces, in orderto pacify the liberation movement and to restore French
rule. On November 20 1946, triggered by the Haiphong Incident the First Indochina War
between Viet Minh and the French forces ensued, lasting until July 20 1954.
Despite fewer lossesExpeditionary Corps suffered 1/3 the casualties of the China and
Soviet-backed Viet Minhduring the course of the war, the U.S.-backed French and
Vietnamese loyalists eventually suffered a major strategic setback at the Siege of Dien BienPhu, which allowed Ho Chi Minh to negotiate a ceasefire with a favorable position at the
ongoing Geneva conference of 1954. Colonial administration ended as French Indochina was
dissolved, and the contested State of Vietnam ceased to exist. According to the Geneva
Agreements the country was divided at the 17th parallel into Ho Chi Minh's North Vietnam and
Ngo Dinh Diem's South Vietnam after the example of Korea. This was intended to be
temporary, pending an election in 1956, which never took place.
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VIETNAM WAR
The Communist-held Democratic Republic of Vietnam was opposed by the US-supported
Republic of Vietnam. Disagreements soon emerged over the organizing of elections and
reunification, and the U.S. began increasing its contribution of military advisers. U.S. forces
were soon embroiled in a guerrilla war with the National Front for the Liberation of South
Vietnam (NLF), the insurgents who were indigenous to South Vietnam. North Vietnameseforces unsuccessfully attempted to overrun the South during the 1968 Tet Offensive and the
war soon spread into neighboring Laos and Cambodia, in both of which the United States
bombed Communist forces supplying the North Vietnamese Army.
With its own casualties mounting, the U.S. began transferring combat roles to the South
Vietnamese military in a process the U.S. called Vietnamization. The effort had mixed results.
The Paris Peace Accords of January 27, 1973, formally recognized the sovereignty of both
sides. Under the terms of the accords all American combat troops were withdrawn by March
29, 1973. Limited fighting continued, but all major fighting ended until the North once again
sent troops to the South during the Spring of 1975, culminating in the Fall of Saigon on April30, 1975. South Vietnam briefly became the Republic of South Vietnam, under military
occupation by North Vietnam, before being officially integrated with the North under communist
rule as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976.
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GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
Vietnam is approximately 331,688 km (128,066 sq mi) in area (not including Hoang Sa and
Truong Sa islands), larger than Italy almost the size of Germany. The perimeter of the country
running along its international boundaries is 4,639 km (2,883 mi). The topography consists of
hills and densely forested mountains, with level land covering no more than 20%. Mountains
account for 40% of the area, with smaller hills accounting for 40% and tropical forests 42%.The northern part of the country consists mostly of highlands and the Red River Delta. Phan Xi
Png, located in Lo Cai province, is the highest mountain in Vietnam at 3,143 m (10,312 ft).
The south is divided into coastal lowlands, Annamite Chainpeaks, extensive forests, and poor
soil. Comprising five relatively flat plateaus of basalt soil, the highlands account for 16% of the
country's arable land and 22% of its total forested land.
The delta of the Red River (also known as the Sng Hng), a flat, triangular region of 15,000
square kilometers, is smaller but more intensely developed and more densely populated than
the Mekong River Delta. Once an inlet of the Gulf of Tonkin, it has been filled in by the
enormous alluvial deposits of the rivers over a period of millennia, and it advances one
hundred meters into the Gulf annually. The Mekong delta, covering about
40,000 square kilometers, is a low-level plain not more than three meters above sea level at
any point and criss-crossed by a maze of canals and rivers. So much sediment is carried by
the Mekong's various branches and tributaries that the delta advances sixty to eighty meters
into the sea every year.
Because of differences in latitude and the marked variety of topographical relief, the climate
tends to vary considerably from place to place. During the winter or dry season, extending
roughly from November to April, the monsoon winds usually blow from the northeast along the
China coast and across the Gulf of Tonkin, picking up considerable moisture; consequently the
winter season in most parts of the country is dry only by comparison with the rainy or summer
season. The average annual temperature is generally higher in the plains than in the
mountains and plateaus and in the south than in the north. Temperatures in the southern plains
(Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta) varies less, going between 21 and 28 degree Celsius
over the course of a year.
The seasons in the mountains and plateaus and in the north are much more dramatic, and
temperatures may vary from 5 degree Celsius in December and January to 37 degree Celsius
in July and August.
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THE MEKONG
The Mekong is one of the worlds majorrivers. It is the 11th-longest river in the world, and the
12th-largest by volume (discharging 475 km/114 cu mi of water annually). Its estimated length
is 4,880 km (3,032 mi), and it drains an area of 810,000 km (313,000 sq mi). From the Tibetan
Plateau it runs through China's Yunnan province, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and
Vietnam. All except China and Burma belong to the Mekong River Commission. A south Asianregional association, Mekong-Ganga Cooperation is named after this river. The extreme
seasonal variations in flow and the presence of rapids and waterfalls have made navigation
extremely difficult.
The river was originally named by the local Tai peoples as Mae Nam Khong, Mae Khong for
short, meaning Kong River or "Mother of all rivers". This was picked up and phoneticized in the
Chinese as Migng H () for the external part, without realizing it became the "River
Kong River", the same redundancy as in English. In China for most of its length it is known as
the "Lancang River" (, Lncng Jing). In Burmese, it is called the Mae Khaung, while in
Thai it is Mae Nam Khong (
), in Laotian () Mnam Khong, in CambodianMkngk or Tonle Thom and in Vietnamese Sng Cu Long. In Thai, Kong (Thai: ) is aspecies of crocodile; some believe this is tone-shifted from (Thai: ) Kod, or (Thai:) kong,both adjectives to describe curves or meanders of a river or road.
The river's source, and therefore its exact length, is uncertain, due to the existence of several
tributaries in an inaccessible environment. According to the China Science Exploration
Association survey, the source is the Lasagongma spring, at an altitude of 5,224 metres
(17,139 ft). This spring is located on Mount Guozongmucha, and forms the Zayaqu, which has
been identified by the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the headwaters of the Mekong, within
northwestern China's Qinghai Province. An earlier expedition by Michel Piessel had identifiedthe Zanaqu as the headwaters, at the Rupsa-La pass (further west, at an altitude of
4,975 m/16,322 ft).As a consequence of the difficulty in determining the location of the
headwaters, figures for the Mekong's total length vary from 4,350 km (2,703 mi) to 4,909 km
(3,050 mi).
Approximately half the river's length is in China, where it is called the Dza Chu in Tibetan in its
upper course in Tibet (Chinese: ; pinyin: Z Q), and more generally the Lancang in
Chinese (simplified Chinese:; traditional Chinese:; pinyin:
Lncng Jing), meaning the "turbulent river". Much of this stretch consists of deep gorges,
and the river leaves China at an altitude of only 500 metres (1,640 ft). The entire river is knownas the Meigong in Chinese (Chinese: ; pinyin: Migng H).The river next forms the
border between Burma and Laos for 200 kilometres (120 mi), at the end of which it meets the
tributary Ruak River at the Golden Triangle. This point also marks the division between the
Upper and Lower Mekong.
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8/6/2019 Core History Journal
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THE MEKONG NEAR THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
The river then divides Laos and Thailand, before a stretch passing through Laos alone. It is
known as Ma Nam Khong (Mother of all rivers) in both Lao and Thai ( ). The Laostretch is characterised by gorges, rapids and depths of as little as half a meter in the dry
season. It widens south ofLuang Prabang, where it has been known to flood to 4 km (2 mi) inwidth and reach 100 metres (300 ft) in depth, although its course remains extremely
inconsistent. The endangered Giant Mekong Catfish was traditionally caught in this region once
yearly, following auspicious rites officiated by the quondam royal family.
The river again marks the Lao-Thai border in the stretch which passes Vientiane, followed by a
short stretch through Laos alone. This includes the Si Phan Don (four thousand islands) region
above the Khone Falls near the Cambodian border, where endangered dolphins can be
viewed. The falls are all but impassable to river traffic.
In Cambodia, the river is called the Mkngk or Tonle Thom (great river). The Sambor rapids
above Kratie are the last to impede navigation. Just above Phnom Penh is the confluence withthe Tonle Sap, the main Cambodian tributary. Below Phnom Penh, it divides into the Bassac
and the Mekong proper, which both flow into the Mekong Delta in Vietnam.
In Vietnamese, the river as a whole is known as M Kng. The part flowing through Vietnam,
known as Sng Cu Long (river of nine dragons), divides into two major branches, the Tin
Giang (Front River) and Hu Giang (Back River). These in turn enter the sea through nine
estuaries, thus the Vietnamese name.
About 90 million people rely on the river. The area they live in, known as the Greater Mekong
Subregion (GMS), comprises Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces in China, Burma, Lao PDR,
Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The main livelihood of the people of the GMS is riceproduction. Approximately 140,000 km (54,000 sq mi) of rice are grown in the GMS. A huge
number of rice varieties are grown along the Mekong. Of approximately 100,000 rice
accessions in the Rice Gene Bank of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), about
40,000 come from the GMS.
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PROVINCES
Vietnam is divided into 59 provinces (known in Vietnamese as tnh, from the Chinese,
shng). There are also 5 centrally-controlled municipalities existing at the same level as
provinces (thnh ph trc thuc trung ng). The provinces are further subdivided into
provincial municipalities (thnh ph trc thuc tnh), townships (th x) and counties(huyn),
and then, subdivided into towns (th trn) orcommunes (x).
The centrally-controlled municipalities are subdivided into districts(qun) and counties, and
then, subdivided into wards (phng).
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8/6/2019 Core History Journal
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ECONOMY
The Vietnam War destroyed much of the economy of Vietnam. Upon taking power, theGovernment created a planned economy for the nation. Collectivization of farms, factories andeconomic capital was implemented, and millions of people were put to work in governmentprograms. For many decades, Vietnam's economy was plagued with inefficiency and corruption
in state programs, poor quality and underproduction and restrictions on economic activities andtrade. It also suffered from the trade embargo from the United States and most of Europe afterthe Vietnam War. Subsequently, the trade partners of the Communist blocs began to erode. In1986, the Sixth Party Congress introduced significant economic reforms with market economyelements as part of a broad economic reform package called "i mi" (Renovation). Privateownership was encouraged in industries, commerce and agriculture. Vietnam achieved around8% annual GDP growth from 1990 to 1997 and continued at around 7% from 2000 to 2005,making it the world's second-fastest growing economy. Simultaneously, foreign investmentgrew threefold and domestic savings quintupled.
Manufacturing, information technology and high-tech industries form a large and fast-growingpart of the national economy. Vietnam is a relative new-comer to the oil business, but today it isthe third-largest oil producer in Southeast Asia with output of 400,000 barrels per day. Vietnamis one of Asia's most open economies: two-way trade is around 160% of GDP, more than twicethe ratio for China and over four times India's.
Vietnam is still a relatively poor country with an annual GDP of US$280.2 billion at purchasingpower parity (2006 estimate). This translates to a purchasing power of about US$3,300 percapita (or US$726 per capita at the market exchange rate). Inflation rate was estimated at7.5% per year in 2006. Deep poverty, defined as a percent of the population living under $1 per
day, has declined significantly and is now smaller than that of China, India, and the Philippines.As a result of several land reform measures, Vietnam is now the largest producer ofcashewnuts with a one-third global share and second largest rice exporter in the world afterThailand.Vietnam has the highest percent of land use for permanent crops, 6.93%, of any nation in theGreater Mekong Subregion. Besides rice, key exports are coffee, tea, rubber, and fisheryproducts.
However, agriculture's share of economic output has declined, falling as a share of GDP from42% in 1989 to 20% in 2006, as production in other sectors of the economy has risen.According to the CIA World Fact Book, the unemployment rate in Vietnam is one of the lowestin the world at 2%, trailing behind only Azerbaijan,Cuba, Iceland,Andorra and Liechtenstein.
Among other steps taken in the process of transitioning to a market economy, Vietnam in July2006 updated its intellectual property legislation to comply with TRIPS. Vietnam was acceptedinto the WTO on November 7, 2006. Vietnam's chief trading partners include Japan, Australia,ASEAN countries, the U.S. and Western European countries.
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8/6/2019 Core History Journal
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SITES: THE NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL AND THE GENERAL POST OFFICE
(A)Draw or Sketch out the Notre Dame Cathedral and the General Post Office in the spaceprovided (Take a photograph of the places to add on the details to your drawings at a latertime)
(B)Identify and Mark on your diagrams features of these buildings that make you aware thatthese are colonial buildings
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The Notre Dame Cathedral
The General Post Office
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(C) Based on your observations about the Notre Dame Cathedral and the General Postoffice, the French colonial buildings, answer the following questions:
i. Why were these building built during the French colonial rule of Vietnam? State and explain 2reasons
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iii. Vietnam had a violent nationalist struggle to free the country from French rule. Why do you
think that these colonial buildings are still preserved in Vietnam? State and explain 2 reasons
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8/6/2019 Core History Journal
16/19
SITE: THE CHU CHI TUNNELS
(A) Either as you move through the Chu Chi Tunnels or once you have completed the trail,recall and trace the route you took in the tunnels. Add other details that you observedduring your trail along the Chu Chi Tunnel and outside.
(B) Take photographs of the various sites and details inside and outside the Tunnel for laterreference
(C) Based on yourobservations about the Chu Chi Tunnel, why do you think this tunnel wasbuilt by the Vietnamese? State and explain 2 reasons.
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8/6/2019 Core History Journal
17/19
SITE: WAR REMNANTS MUSEUM
(A)Explore the museum and answer the following questions.
(B)The War Remnants Museum has a specific Tone and Purpose.
(i) Identify evidences and artifacts in the Museum that stir certain emotions, feelings andthoughts in you about the tone and purpose of the Museum.
(ii) Sketch, Label and Describe these selected evidences/artifacts in the spaces provided
(iii) Take photographs of these artifacts
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(C) Study all the evidences that you have gathered above from the museum
(i) Why was the War Remnants Museum built? State and explain 2 reasons.
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(ii) How does the Vietnamese view the War with the Americans? To the Vietnamese was thewar with America part of an ideological war or a nationalistic war? Explain your answer withevidences from the Museum.
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8/6/2019 Core History Journal
19/19
BLOGGING ACTIVITIES FOR HISTORY CHANNEL TEAMS
(A) Imagine that you were one of the Vietnamese nationalist leaders, Ho Chi Minh, who hadstruggled to achieve independence of Vietnam from French colonial rule. Would you havepreserved or destroyed these colonial buildings?Why?Explain your answer.
(B)Now that your have experienced the Chu Chi Tunnel yourself and have found out moreabout these tunnels
Imagine that you were one of the Vietcong members who is hiding and living in the ChuChi Tunnel to fight a war against the French colonial masters and, later, the Americans.
Write a letter to your family describing your experience living in the Tunnel and fightingagainst the European powers
(i) Describe the living conditions in Chu Chi Tunnels(ii) Describe how you carry out your daily activities in the underground tunnels
(iii) Explain about the challenges and dangers you face living in the tunnel and fighting a waragainst the Western powers. Share your feelings/emotions.
(iv) Explain why you are willing to go through all these experiences and conditions
(C)Interview with a War/Vietcong Veteran(i) Write down a three questions you would want to ask the war veteran regarding the Vietnam
war with the Americans.(ii) Which aspects/information that the war veteran shared was the most interesting/shocking toyou? Why?
I, Ho Chi Minh,
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