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Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.
ContentsSection 1—Introduction to Plumbing
Section 2—Plumbing Systems
Section 3—Plumbing System Design and Installation
Section 4—Plumbing Services
Section 5—Career Development and Plumbing History
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Section 3Plumbing System
Design and Installation
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Chapter 19
DWV Pipe and Fitting Installation
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Objectives
Describe proper procedures for locating and installing DWV piping systems.Use the prescribed techniques for working with plastic, copper, galvanized iron, black iron, and cast-iron DWV materials.Compare and use the three methods of measuring pipe length between fittings.Describe or demonstrate methods for testing and inspecting completed DWV systems.
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DWV Second Rough Stage
DWV, hot and cold water pipe, and fittings.
Bathtubs and shower bases.
Maintain 1/4 slope on horizontal runs.
Accurate placement so fixtures can be installed.
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Measuring Pipe
Face-to-Face
Add fitting allowances.
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Measuring Pipe
Shoulder-to-Shoulder
Only DWV fittings have shoulders.
No adjustments to measurement.
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Measuring Pipe
Center-to-Center
Adjustment for laying length.
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Measuring Pipe
Combining Measuring TechniquesFace-to-Centerline
Add one fitting allowance.Subtract one laying length.
Face-to-ShoulderAdd one fitting allowance.
Shoulder-to-CenterlineSubtract one laying length.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Example:
House with two bathrooms and a kitchen on the main floor, and a laundry area in the basement.
Two stacks through the roof.
Horizontal pipes from base of stacks join before the 4 pipe connects to the building sewer.
Floor drain connected to kitchen/laundry branch.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installation Schematic Drawing
Main Floor
Basement
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Overview of DWV Installation
Horizontal Runs Below ConcreteInstalling horizontal runs below a concrete floor:
String line from base of bathroom stack to building drain.String line from laundry/kitchen stack to join 4 pipe at 45 angle.String line from kitchen/laundry branch to floor drain.Dig shallow trenches along string lines.• Slope 1/4 per foot of run.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack
Kitchen/Laundry StackStandpipe shown above concrete floor.
P-traps installed with fixtures.
Capped stub-outs for P-traps.
Stack must offset above the foundation wall and enter wall cavity on the main floor.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)
Kitchen/Laundry Stack
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)Lower Portion of Kitchen/Laundry Stack
Mark top of the concrete floor on the foundation wall.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)
MeasurementsMeasure distances A and B.
A = 4 5/8
B = 3 5/8(Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)Measurements
Calculate slope for 2 6 horizontal pipe (1/4 per ft 2 1/2 = 5/8).Concrete floor will be 4 thick.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)Measurements
Calculate height of the centerline of the inlet to P-trap above concrete footing (4 + 4 5/8 = 8 5/8).Calculate the centerline height for the sanitary tee inlet (8 5/8 5/8 = 8).Repeat this process to locate the sanitary tee to the laundry tray.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)Stack and Kitchen Sink Drain
Offset at top of foundation wall (side view).
Height of sanitary tee depends on location of 90 ell in sink drain.• Horizontal pipe runs below joist.• Fall (slope) 1/4 per foot of run.
Click here to view illustration.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)
Kitchen Sink DrainMaking an offset in the sink drain.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)
Kitchen Sink DrainMaking an offset in the sink drain.• Measure distances “X” and “Y.”• Subtract to Obtain “Z.”• Calculate theoretical length (1.41 Z).• Subtract laying length of 90 and 45 ells to
get actual length.• Cut pipe and test assembly.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)
Click here to view illustration.
Kitchen Sink DrainMaking an offset in the sink drain.• Position 90 ell so horizontal pipe can be installed
below floor joist.• Measure distances A and B.• Calculate fall (B 1/4 per ft).• Add “A” and “Fall” to get distance sanitary tee must
be below the floor joist.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.
Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)Kitchen Sink Drain
Making an offset in the sink drain.• Hold the sanitary tee to correct distance below the
floor joist and mark the vertical 2 pipe.• Add fitting allowance and cut the pipe.• Put the sanitary tee in position and measure the
distance between its inlet and the 90 ell.• Add fitting allowances, measure, and cut the
horizontal pipe.Click here to view illustration.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.
Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)Kitchen Sink Drain
Making an offset in the sink drain.• Repeat the process to make the offset
in the stack.• Complete the rough-in of the sink
drain and the stack. • Check local code to determine if a
vent increaser is required.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Stack (continued)
Kitchen Sink DrainMaking an offset in the sink drain.• Install flashing.
(Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping
Maintain fall for entire length of pipe.Too little fallwaste will not flow.
Too much fallsolids left behind.
Excavate extra deep and use sand or small gravel fill to provide solid base for pipe.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued)
Determine how much the level’s “bubble” must be off-center to check the slope.
(Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued)
Lay a length of pipe in the partially dug trench and check slope with level.
Continue digging and checking until the desired slope is achieved.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued)
Alignment of Pipes That Join the WyeUsing an elbow may be necessary.Trial assembly. Check slope and correct as necessary.Assemble pipe and fittings.Fill under pipe with sand or small gravel.Do not cover pipe until passing inspection.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.
Overview of DWV Installation
Installing Horizontal Drain/Waste Piping (continued)
Joints in Drain/Waste Piping
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack
Similar to kitchen and laundry stack.
Review schematic.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Putting Bathtubs in Position
Plastic and enameled steel tubs fastened with screws.
Cast-iron tubs do not require fasteners.
Consider installing drain components before putting tub in final position.
One-piece molded plastic units must be installed before bathroom wall framing is completed.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.
Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Bathtub Installation
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)
Installing Shower Bases
Essentially the same as bathtubs.
Drain body installation.
(Goodheart-Willcox Publisher)
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Installing Shower Bases
Place closet flanges in position.• Blocking equal in
thickness to finish floor materials.
• Check distance from back wall to center of closet flange.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Double Sanitary Tee Installation
Installing double sanitary tee w/side inlets that serves the water closets.• Height must provide fall for
bathtub drains.• Layout on subfloor.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)
Double Sanitary Tee InstallationLocating side inlet of double sanitary tee.
Click here to view illustration.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Connecting the Closet Flange to the Stack
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)
Installing 2 1/2ʺ 2ʺ 1 1/4ʺ 1 1/4ʺ double sanitary wye.
Vertical drain to lavatories controls location.
Work back from lavatory stub-outs.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)
90 Ell and Double Sanitary WyeLocate 2 90 ell.
Locate 2 1/2ʺ 2ʺ 1 1/2ʺ 1 1/2ʺ double wye.
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Overview of DWV Installation
Installing a Bathroom Stack (continued)Installing 90 Ell and Double Sanitary Wye
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ReviewList the steps in installing horizontal drain/waste
piping below a concrete floor.
1. Locate base of stacks and building sewer exit.
3. Dig shallow trenches with proper slope (1/4 per foot of run).
2. Stretch string lines to locate trenches.
6. Assemble pipe and fittings and place fill under pipe.5. Trial assembly and check slope.4. Measure and cut pipe.
7. Backfill after DWV system passes inspection.
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ReviewList the steps in installing a bathroom stack.
1. Install bathtub or shower base.
2. Temporarily put closet flange in place.
3. Locate base of stack and extend vertical pipe through opening in the floor.
4. Calculate the slope to bathtub/shower and locate height of the side inlet to the sanitary tee.
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Review (continued)
5. Position the sanitary tee and cut vertical pipe to length.
6. Trial assemble the pipe and sanitary tee.
7. Measure and cut the pipe to bathtub/shower drain.
8. Install lavatory drain maintaining the correct slope.
9. Install waste pipe and fittings to toilet maintaining correct slope.
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ReviewIdentify the adjustment(s) necessary for pipe
measurements made using each of the following techniques:
Center-to-center:
Face-to-face:
Center-to-face:
Shoulder-to-center:
Subtract laying length of two fittings.
Add fitting allowance for two fittings.
Subtract one laying length and add one fitting allowance.
Subtract one laying length.
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Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Fitting allowances for plastic fittings:
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Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Laying Lengths for Plastic Fittings
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Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Cutting Plastic PipePlastic pipe cutter
Fine toothed saw
Miter box
Removing burrsReamer
Abrasive paper
(Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc.)
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Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Joining Plastic Pipe
Wipe away mud or dirt.
Apply solvent cleaner.
Select correct solvent cement.
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Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Joining Plastic Pipe (continued)Apply a light coat of cement to the fitting socket.
Apply a heavy coat to the pipe end.
Immediately insert the pipe into the fitting and give a 1/4 turn to distribute cement.
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Installing DWV Plastic Pipe and Fittings
Supporting Plastic Pipe
Horizontal runs should be supported every 3-4.Set stack bases in concrete.
Attach vertical pipe to frame to maintain alignment.
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Installing Copper Pipe and Fittings
Fitting allowances for copper fittings:
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Installing Copper Pipe and Fittings
Laying Lengths for Copper Fittings
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Installing Copper Pipe and Fittings
Cutting Copper Pipe and Tubing
Tubing Cutter
Ream to remove burr.
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Installing Copper Pipe and Fittings
Joining Copper Pipe and FittingsSoldering
Clean pipe end and inside the fitting.
Apply flux to cleaned portion of pipe and fitting.
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Installing Copper Pipe and Fittings
Joining Copper Pipe and Fittings (continued)Assemble joint.Heat until lead free solder can be melted by touching pipe.Excess heating will burn away flux.Protect wood, plastic, and other material that might burn or be damaged.
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Installing Copper Pipe and Fittings
Supporting Copper PipeSet base of stack in concrete.
Horizontal runs should be supported every 4-6.Secure vertical runs to maintain alignment.
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Installing Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe
Fitting allowances:
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Installing Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe
Cutting and Threading Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe
Pipe Cutter
Pipe Reamer
(The Ridge Tool Co.)
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Installing Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe
Cutting and Threading Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe (continued)
Pipe Die and Die Stock
(The Ridge Tool Co.)
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Installing Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe
Cutting and Threading Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe (continued)
Portable Threader
(The Ridge Tool Co.)
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Installing Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe
Cutting and Threading Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe (continued)
Bench-Mounted Threading Machine
(The Ridge Tool Co.)
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Installing Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe
Assembling and Supporting Galvanized and Black Iron Pipe
Apply pipe joint sealer or Teflon tape.
Turn fitting with pipe wrench.
Install metal hangers every 6-8.
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Installing Cast-Iron Pipe
Fitting allowances:
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Installing Cast-Iron Pipe
Cutting Cast-Iron Pipe
Compound Lever Pipe Cutter
Hydraulic Pipe Cutter
(The Ridge Tool Co., Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc.)
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Installing Cast-Iron Pipe
Joining Pipe
Gasket and ClampUsed for no-hub cast iron.
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Installing Cast-Iron Pipe
Joining Pipe (continued)
Compression GasketBell and spigot cast-iron pipe.
(E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., The Ridge Tool Co.)
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Joining Pipe (continued)
Installing Cast-Iron Pipe
Lead and OakumPacking oakum.
Compacting lead.
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Installing Cast-Iron Pipe
Joining Pipe (continued)
Lead and OakumPour joints in horizontal pipe using a joint runner.
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Installing Cast-Iron Pipe
Supporting Cast-Iron Pipe
Set stack base in concrete.
Horizontal runs at each joint.
Vertical runs:Vertical pipe brackets or straps.
Riser clamps at each floor level.
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Review
Identify each of the following tools:
A. B. Plastic pipe cutter Copper tube cutter
(Wheeler Mfg. Division of Rex International USA, Inc.)
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Review
Identify each of the following tools:
C. D.
Pipe cutter Pipe reamer
(The Ridge Tool Co.)
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Review
Identify each of the following tools:
E. F. Die and die stock Threading machine
(The Ridge Tool Co.)
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ReviewList the steps in joining plastic pipe and fittings.
1. Clean the end of the pipe and inside of the fitting with a rag.
2. Apply solvent cleaner to the end of the pipe and inside the fitting.
3. Apply a light coat of the correct solvent cement to the inside of the fitting.
4. Apply a heavy coat of the correct solvent cement to the outside of the pipe.
5. Immediately push the pipe completely into the fitting and give the assembly a 1/4 turn.
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ReviewList the steps in the process of soldering
copper pipe and fittings.
1. Clean the inside of the fitting and the outside of the end of the pipe.
2. Apply flux to the cleaned surfaces.
3. Assemble the pipe and fitting.
4. Heat the pipe until lead-free solder melts when touched to the joint.
5. Wipe away excess solder and flux with a damp rag.
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ReviewWhat is the recommended spacing of supports
for horizontal runs of each of the following types of pipe?
Cast iron:
PVC and ABS:
Galvanized iron:
Copper:
At each joint.
3 to 46 to 8
4 to 6
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Review
What steps must be completed before the DWV system can be tested?
Cap stub-outs and stacks.
Plug closet flanges and any other openings.
Check all joints.
Install supports.
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End of Chapter 19
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