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© FSAI
Review of the 2008 Irish Review of the 2008 Irish Dioxin IncidentDioxin Incident
Rhodri EvansRhodri EvansFood Safety Authority of IrelandFood Safety Authority of Ireland
PCB/Dioxin Contaminated Irish PCB/Dioxin Contaminated Irish Pork and BeefPork and Beef
WhatWhat’’s was this incident all about?s was this incident all about?
DioxinsDioxins and and PCBsPCBs
PCDD/PCDFsPCDD/PCDFs
The term The term ““dioxindioxin”” covers a group of covers a group of chemically similar substances:chemically similar substances:
75 polychlorinated dibenzo75 polychlorinated dibenzo--pp--dioxins dioxins (PCDDs) and(PCDDs) and
135 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (135 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFsPCDFs))
17 of toxicological concern17 of toxicological concern
AdverseAdverse effectseffects
Dermal toxicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity possibly neurotoxicity, endocrine toxicity and developmental changes in utero
The toxicological effects of the dioxins are due to binding of the dioxins to a specific receptor protein in the cells, the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor present in most tissues of animals and humans
.
National Residues National Residues Monitoring ProgrammeMonitoring Programme
How Did We Find It?How Did We Find It?
Pesticide Control Service, DAFFPesticide Control Service, DAFF
Dioxins in Feed and Pork FatDioxins in Feed and Pork Fat
Crumb Product: Crumb Product: E.U. Feed Limit E.U. Feed Limit 0.75pg/g0.75pg/g
Levels detected in Feed:Levels detected in Feed: 5200pg/g5200pg/g
Pig Fat: Pig Fat: E.U. Max Limit E.U. Max Limit 1.5pg/g1.5pg/g
Levels detected:Levels detected: 80 80 –– 200 pg/g200 pg/g
Crumb ManufacturerCrumb Manufacturer
Licensed Feed Business Operator
Raw Materials Used:-
Dough from industrial bakery facilities
Unsold and sell-by date bread, wrapped and unwrapped
Direct heating process (oil fired)
Source of ContaminationSource of Contamination
10 Pig ProductionFarms
= 8% National= 8% NationalPork OutputPork Output
One Recycling Plant
98% of National Output98% of National Output
10 Major Processing Plants
98% Pork98% PorkOutputOutput
150,000 t/year150,000 t/year
Uncontaminated Raw Materials
Contaminated and Uncontaminated Pigs are Transported to the Slaughter Plant
Farmer A Receives Contaminated Feed
Delivered to Feed Manufacturer A
Delivered to Feed Manufacturer B
Contaminated Feed Produced
Uncontaminated Feed Produced
Contaminated Raw Materials
Farmer B Receives Uncontaminated Feed
Farmer A Feeds Contaminated Feed to his
Pigs
Farmer B Feeds Uncontaminated Feed to his Pigs
Possible some ContaminatedPork Products Delivered to
Customer A
Possible some Contaminated Pigs Processed with Uncontaminated Pigs
Possible some Contaminated Pork Products Mixed with Uncontaminated Pork Products
Possible some ContaminatedPork Products Delivered to
Customer B
Supp
lier
Trac
eabi
lity
(L
egal
Req
uire
men
t)Cu
stom
er
Trac
eabi
lity
(Leg
al
Requ
irem
ent)
Proc
ess
Trac
eabi
lity
Uncontaminated Raw Materials
Contaminated and Uncontaminated Pigs are Transported to the Slaughter Plant
Farmer A Receives Contaminated Feed
Delivered to Feed Manufacturer A
Delivered to Feed Manufacturer B
Contaminated Feed Produced
Uncontaminated Feed Produced
Contaminated Raw Materials
Farmer B Receives Uncontaminated Feed
Farmer A Feeds Contaminated Feed to his
Pigs
Farmer B Feeds Uncontaminated Feed to his Pigs
Possible some ContaminatedPork Products Delivered to
Customer A
Possible some Contaminated Pigs Processed with Uncontaminated Pigs
Possible some Contaminated Pork Products Mixed with Uncontaminated Pork Products
Possible some ContaminatedPork Products Delivered to
Customer B
Supp
lier
Trac
eabi
lity
(L
egal
Req
uire
men
t)Cu
stom
er
Trac
eabi
lity
(Leg
al
Requ
irem
ent)
Proc
ess
Trac
eabi
lity
8% 92%
98%
Timeline of Dioxin incidentTimeline of Dioxin incident
19/11/08 – Routine pig fat sample taken under the National Residues Programme for screening at the National Pesticides Laboratory
Friday 28/11/08Call from DAFF to say preliminary laboratory result was indicative of marker PCBs
Saturday 29/11/081st visit to ‘index’ farm to evaluate possible sources of contamination
TimelineTimeline
Monday 1/12/08 Initial laboratory sample confirmed positive for non-
Dioxin like marker PCBs
Preliminary movement restrictions imposed on farm
One feed ingredient sample (crumb) showed indicative marker-PCB finding
TimelineTimeline
Thursday 4/12/08 7 7 pig producers (manufacturer’s client list)
placed under movement restriction
3838 cattle farms (manufacturer’s client list) put on formal notification imposing movement restrictions on cattle farms
66 pig samples from manufacturer’s units (slaughtered on 3/12/08) positive on screening test for NDL-PCB’s
Initial Press Statement
TimelineTimeline
Friday 5/12/08Netherlands VWA phone contact with FSAI
Dioxin investigation under way in Netherlands into reports of dioxins in pork
References in discussions to Belgian rendering plant dioxin findings from mid-September and also dioxin in French pork loin sample
Timeline (5)Timeline (5)
Saturday 6/12/08Discussions with European Commission
Confirmation from CSL UK laboratory that 4 pig fat samples showed Dioxin levels ranging from 80 – 200pg/g
One initial crumb sample showed higher levels (> 2000pg/g)
Decision taken
OutcomeOutcome
Total Product Recall
Produce after 1st Sept
IRL Pattern of DLIRL Pattern of DL--PCBsPCBs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
PCB81 PCB77 PCB126 PCB109 PCB123 PCB118 PCB114 PCB105 PCB167 PCB156 PCB157 PCB189
frac
tion
of to
tal (
%)
NL Pattern of DLNL Pattern of DL--PCBsPCBs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
PCB 81 PCB 77 PCB126
PCB169
PCB123
PCB118
PCB114
PCB105
PCB167
PCB156
PCB157
PCB189
% to
tal
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2,3,7,
8-TCDF
1,2,3,
7,8-P
eCDF
2,3,4,
7,8-P
eCDF
1,2,3,
4,7,8-
HxCDF
1,2,3,
6,7,8-
HxCDF
2,3,4,
6,7,8-
HxCDF
1,2,3,
7,8,9-
HxCDF
1,2,3,
4,6,7,
8-HpC
DF
1,2,3,
4,7,8,
9-HpC
DFOCDF
2,3,7,
8-TCDD
1,2,3,
7,8-P
eCDD
1,2,3,
4,7,8-
HxCDD
1,2,3,
6,7,8-
HxCDD
1,2,3,
7,8,9-
HxCDD
1,2,3,
4,6,7,
8-HpC
DDOCDD
Dioxin congener
% to
tal
IRL Pattern of dioxinsIRL Pattern of dioxins
NL Pattern of dioxinsNL Pattern of dioxins
Pattern similar to 1999
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2,3,7,
8-TCDF
1,2,3,
7,8-P
eCDF
2,3,4,
7,8-P
eCDF
1,2,3,
4,7,8-
HxCDF
1,2,3,
6,7,8-
HxCDF
2,3,4,
6,7,8-
HxCDF
1,2,3,
7,8,9-
HxCDF
1,2,3,
4,6,7,
8-HpC
DF
1,2,3,
4,7,8,
9-HpC
DF
OCDF2,3
,7,8-T
CDD
1,2,3,
7,8-P
eCDD
1,2,3,
4,7,8-
HxCDD
1,2,3,
6,7,8-
HxCDD
1,2,3,
7,8,9-
HxCDD
1,2,3,
4,6,7,
8-HpC
DD
OCDD
% to
tal
Data summaryData summary
Same dioxin and PCB profiles in pork meat samples in IRL / NL / FR
NDL-PCBs in pork 500-3000ppb, beef 150ppb
Ratio NDL-PCBs / dioxin-TEQ is low compared to previous incidents
Dioxins almost exclusively PCDFs
Congeners Congeners of dioxins like:of dioxins like:
2,4,6,7,2,4,6,7,--TCDF and 1,2,3,7,8 TCDF and 1,2,3,7,8 ––PeCDFPeCDF
Suggest Contamination RecentSuggest Contamination Recent
Why September 1Why September 1stst ??
Feed Screening Results 13 Aug Feed Screening Results 13 Aug –– 3 Dec3 Dec13
-Aug
20-A
ug
27-A
ug
03-S
ep
10-S
ep
17-S
ep
24-S
ep
01-O
ct
08-O
ct
15-O
ct
22-O
ct
29-O
ct
05-N
ov
12-N
ov
19-N
ov
26-N
ov
03-D
ec
Negative
Positive ++
Trace
Positive--
Positive
Dioxin levels at rendering plantDioxin levels at rendering plant
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
31-jul 20-aug 9-sep 29-sep 19-oct 8-nov 28-nov 18-dec
pg/g
fat
Pork risk assessmentPork risk assessment
Assumptions in exposure calculation
10% of pork contaminated
90 day exposure
200pg/g dioxin
Conclusion10% increase in body burdenNo concern to human health from this single
exposure event
Distribution/Recall is SimpleDistribution/Recall is Simple……
Canada
BelgiumDenmark
EstoniaFrance
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Sweden
United Kingdom
China
Russia
Hong Kong
JapanSwitzerland
Czech Rep.
United States
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Spain
N.Ireland
Where Did Germany Get Where Did Germany Get IrishIrish Pork?Pork?
Where Did Germany Export Where Did Germany Export IrishIrish Pork?Pork?
RussiaGerman Broker
What About Beef?What About Beef?
The FactsThe Facts……
Only 38 farms received feed Only 38 farms received feed
(0.02% of total)(0.02% of total)
Some Farms Some Farms ““ClearClear”” (21 affected)(21 affected)
Greater traceability in beef sectorGreater traceability in beef sector
Withdrawal of Beef?Withdrawal of Beef?
99.98% of national beef production free of contamination
Traceability in beef production works
Carcasses and prime cuts withdrawn from market
FSAI risk assessment: additional body burden calculated to be 0.035% or 300 times less than that of contaminated pork
Ongoing research workOngoing research work
Analysis of dioxin in pigs of different ages
Transfer of dioxin from sows to piglets
Beef cattle - changes in dioxin levels
Method development – blood samples
CoCo--operation is vitaloperation is vital……
Central Science Laboratory, York
RIKILT, NL
VWA, NL
Food Standards Agency (NI and London)
European Commission
European Food Safety Authority
© FSAI
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