compromise of 1850 henry clay’s compromise rejected by senate but douglas had the items passed by...

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850• Henry Clay’s compromise rejected by Senate Henry Clay’s compromise rejected by Senate

but Douglas had the items passed by but Douglas had the items passed by introducing them individuallyintroducing them individually

• Supported by President Millard Fillmore after Supported by President Millard Fillmore after Taylor’s death and Calhoun’s death Taylor’s death and Calhoun’s death

• California admitted as free stateCalifornia admitted as free state• Utah & New Mexico territories decide about Utah & New Mexico territories decide about

slaveryslavery• No slave trade in Columbia but slavery not No slave trade in Columbia but slavery not

abolishedabolished• Strict fugitive slave lawStrict fugitive slave law

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Slavery as a moral struggle

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Slavery as a moral struggle

Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.1849 Secret Order of the

Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection

1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852Electi

on Resul

ts

1852Electi

on Resul

ts

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

• Nebraska & Kansas north of Nebraska & Kansas north of Missouri Compromise lineMissouri Compromise line

• Jan. 1854 Douglas bill to create Jan. 1854 Douglas bill to create Nebraska & Kansas allowing popular Nebraska & Kansas allowing popular sovereignty in both, thus repealing sovereignty in both, thus repealing the Missouri Compromisethe Missouri Compromise

• Passed with the help of President Passed with the help of President Franklin Pierce (elected 1852)Franklin Pierce (elected 1852)

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

• Mar 1855 Kansas held territorial Mar 1855 Kansas held territorial electionselections

• Election fraud elects proslavery Election fraud elects proslavery candidates who enact proslavery actscandidates who enact proslavery acts

• Rival government in summer 1855 for Rival government in summer 1855 for abolitionistsabolitionists

• Proslavery group sacks abolitionist town Proslavery group sacks abolitionist town of Lawrenceof Lawrence

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

•Sumner anti-slavery speech made fun of Andrew Butler

•Butler’s nephew, Brooks beat Sumner with a cane

•Southerners applauded

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)

Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)

• antislavery fanatic• Revenge sack of Lawrence by killing 5 in Pottawatomie Creek• Triggered many incidents with over 200 killed

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

• Dred Scott was a slave from MissouriDred Scott was a slave from Missouri• Moved to Wisconsin for 4 years with ownerMoved to Wisconsin for 4 years with owner• Returned to Missouri & owner diedReturned to Missouri & owner died• Scott sued for freedom since he had lived in a Scott sued for freedom since he had lived in a

free territoryfree territory

A: NO

SUPREME COURT

DECISIONS:Q: Was Scott a U.S. citizen with the right to sue?A: NO

Q: Did living in a free territory make Scott a free man?A: NO

Q: Did Congress have the right to outlaw slavery in any territory?

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas

& the

Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas

& the

Freeport Doctrine

PopularSovereignty –

each state should choose

whether to allow slavery

PopularSovereignty –

each state should choose

whether to allow slavery

• African Americans were guaranteed “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”, as stated in the Declaration of Independence.

• Lincoln believed that slavery was evil and should be kept out of the territories.

Abraham Lincoln:

Douglas Wins the Douglas Wins the Senate SeatSenate Seat

• Douglas (Democrat) Douglas (Democrat) winswins

• Lincoln gains public Lincoln gains public attention and attention and supportsupport

• Leads to Lincoln’s Leads to Lincoln’s win in the 1860 win in the 1860 presidential electionpresidential election

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid

• Abolitionists attack Harpers Ferry, Abolitionists attack Harpers Ferry, Virginia to seize the federal arsenalVirginia to seize the federal arsenal

• Colonel Robert E. Lee & US Marines Colonel Robert E. Lee & US Marines captured Browncaptured Brown

• Brown tried for treason & hung Dec. Brown tried for treason & hung Dec. 18591859

• Northerners call Brown a martyrNortherners call Brown a martyr• Southerners begin to call for Southerners begin to call for

secession from the unionsecession from the union

18601860PresidePreside

ntialntialElectioElectio

nn

18601860PresidePreside

ntialntialElectioElectio

nn

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860ß Non-extension of slavery [for the

Free-Soilers.]

ß Protective tariff [for the Nor. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]

ß Protective tariff [for the Nor. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results