compromise of 1850 henry clay’s compromise rejected by senate but douglas had the items passed by...
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Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850• Henry Clay’s compromise rejected by Senate Henry Clay’s compromise rejected by Senate
but Douglas had the items passed by but Douglas had the items passed by introducing them individuallyintroducing them individually
• Supported by President Millard Fillmore after Supported by President Millard Fillmore after Taylor’s death and Calhoun’s death Taylor’s death and Calhoun’s death
• California admitted as free stateCalifornia admitted as free state• Utah & New Mexico territories decide about Utah & New Mexico territories decide about
slaveryslavery• No slave trade in Columbia but slavery not No slave trade in Columbia but slavery not
abolishedabolished• Strict fugitive slave lawStrict fugitive slave law
HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)
HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852 Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.
2 million in a decade!
Slavery as a moral struggle
Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.
2 million in a decade!
Slavery as a moral struggle
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
ß Nativists.
ß Anti-Catholics.
ß Anti-immigrants.
ß Nativists.
ß Anti-Catholics.
ß Anti-immigrants.1849 Secret Order of the
Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.
1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.
1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection
1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil
1852Electi
on Resul
ts
1852Electi
on Resul
ts
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act
• Nebraska & Kansas north of Nebraska & Kansas north of Missouri Compromise lineMissouri Compromise line
• Jan. 1854 Douglas bill to create Jan. 1854 Douglas bill to create Nebraska & Kansas allowing popular Nebraska & Kansas allowing popular sovereignty in both, thus repealing sovereignty in both, thus repealing the Missouri Compromisethe Missouri Compromise
• Passed with the help of President Passed with the help of President Franklin Pierce (elected 1852)Franklin Pierce (elected 1852)
“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas
• Mar 1855 Kansas held territorial Mar 1855 Kansas held territorial electionselections
• Election fraud elects proslavery Election fraud elects proslavery candidates who enact proslavery actscandidates who enact proslavery acts
• Rival government in summer 1855 for Rival government in summer 1855 for abolitionistsabolitionists
• Proslavery group sacks abolitionist town Proslavery group sacks abolitionist town of Lawrenceof Lawrence
“The Crime Against Kansas”
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)
Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
•Sumner anti-slavery speech made fun of Andrew Butler
•Butler’s nephew, Brooks beat Sumner with a cane
•Southerners applauded
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)
Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)
• antislavery fanatic• Revenge sack of Lawrence by killing 5 in Pottawatomie Creek• Triggered many incidents with over 200 killed
Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
ß Northern Whigs.
ß Northern Democrats.
ß Free-Soilers.
ß Know-Nothings.
ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
ß Northern Whigs.
ß Northern Democrats.
ß Free-Soilers.
ß Know-Nothings.
ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection
1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig
1856Electi
on Resul
ts
1856Electi
on Resul
ts
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
• Dred Scott was a slave from MissouriDred Scott was a slave from Missouri• Moved to Wisconsin for 4 years with ownerMoved to Wisconsin for 4 years with owner• Returned to Missouri & owner diedReturned to Missouri & owner died• Scott sued for freedom since he had lived in a Scott sued for freedom since he had lived in a
free territoryfree territory
A: NO
SUPREME COURT
DECISIONS:Q: Was Scott a U.S. citizen with the right to sue?A: NO
Q: Did living in a free territory make Scott a free man?A: NO
Q: Did Congress have the right to outlaw slavery in any territory?
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
Stephen Douglas
& the
Freeport Doctrine
Stephen Douglas
& the
Freeport Doctrine
PopularSovereignty –
each state should choose
whether to allow slavery
PopularSovereignty –
each state should choose
whether to allow slavery
• African Americans were guaranteed “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”, as stated in the Declaration of Independence.
• Lincoln believed that slavery was evil and should be kept out of the territories.
Abraham Lincoln:
Douglas Wins the Douglas Wins the Senate SeatSenate Seat
• Douglas (Democrat) Douglas (Democrat) winswins
• Lincoln gains public Lincoln gains public attention and attention and supportsupport
• Leads to Lincoln’s Leads to Lincoln’s win in the 1860 win in the 1860 presidential electionpresidential election
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid
• Abolitionists attack Harpers Ferry, Abolitionists attack Harpers Ferry, Virginia to seize the federal arsenalVirginia to seize the federal arsenal
• Colonel Robert E. Lee & US Marines Colonel Robert E. Lee & US Marines captured Browncaptured Brown
• Brown tried for treason & hung Dec. Brown tried for treason & hung Dec. 18591859
• Northerners call Brown a martyrNortherners call Brown a martyr• Southerners begin to call for Southerners begin to call for
secession from the unionsecession from the union
18601860PresidePreside
ntialntialElectioElectio
nn
18601860PresidePreside
ntialntialElectioElectio
nn
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John BellConstitutional
Union
John BellConstitutional
Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860ß Non-extension of slavery [for the
Free-Soilers.]
ß Protective tariff [for the Nor. Industrialists].
ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].
ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]
ß Protective tariff [for the Nor. Industrialists].
ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].
1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”
1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860
Election
Results
1860
Election
Results