combining social music and semantic web for music-related recommender systems
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Combining Social Music and Semantic Web for music-related recommender systems
Alexandre Passant, DERI, NUI GalwayYves Raimond, BBC, UK
http://flickr.com/photos/8049973@N03/2656140464/ by wolf.tone
Social Data on The Web @ ISWC2008Karlsruhe, 27th October 2008
Combining Social Music and Semantic Web for music-related recommender systems
Alexandre Passant, DERI, NUI GalwayYves Raimond, BBC, UK
Agenda• Web 2.0, Social Music and the
Semantic Web• Identity, social-networking and social
data with FOAF and SIOC• Linking Open Data and augmented
tagging with MOAT• Recommendation systems• Examples of LOD-based
recommendations • Use-cases
Web 2.0 and Social Music• Term coined from last.fm• In this talk:
• Social networks from music-related services
• Interlinking music-related data
• Music-related weblogging and tagging
Semantic Social Music
Hyperlink
Web:Documents and
hyperlinks
Semantic Social Music
Hyperlink
Listens to Alexandre Passant Franz Ferdinand
Web:Documents and
hyperlinks
Interpretation
Semantic Social Music
Hyperlink
Listens to Alexandre Passant Franz Ferdinand
<http://dbtune.org/last-fm/terraces>
foaf:Person
<http://zitgist.com/music/artist/aa7a2827-
f74b-473c-bd79-03d065835cf7>
rdf:type
ex:listensTo
mo:MusicArtist
rdf:type
Web:Documents and
hyperlinks
Semantic Web:Data, models
and relationships
Interpretation
Limits of Web 2.0 services• Data models
• Each service uses its own model / API
• Need to build specific services
• Documents, hyperlinks rather than concepts and relationships
• Closed worlds• How to share data and connect people
between websites ?
• Social Network Fatigue (Fitzpatrick, 2007)
• The Semantic Web can help !
Unifying Social Networks
Unifying Social Networks
FOAF exporters examples
Unifiying identity• One exporter = One URI
• lastfm:bob, myspace:bobby, facebook:bob77 ...
• A need to unify one’s identity across services by defining equivalent URIs• Explicit: owl:sameAs
• Implicit: foaf:email, foaf:openid
• Both use reasoning principles
• Interlinking distributed social networks
Merging networks• A complete decentralized social graph• Open, distributed, build on standards• From various services
(Kinsella, 2007)
Modeling Web 2.0 content• SIOC: Semantically-Interlinked Online
Communities• http://sioc-project.org
• An ontology to describe activities of online communities and their Social Media Contributions (SMC)• Common semantics for SMC modeling
• Reusing existing ontologies (FOAF, DC ...)
• W3C Member submission, June 2007• http://www.w3.org/Submission/2007/02
The SIOC Model
http://rdfs.org/sioc/spec
People, accounts and data
http://www.johnbreslin.com/blog/2008/01/04/dataportabilityorg-web-standards-sioc-and-foaf/
The LOD Initiative• Linking Open Data
• http://linkeddata.org
• Lots of information available on the Web• Closed world, proprietary data silos
• Provide it in RDF and interlink it !• From documents to machine-understandable data
• Use links to discover data by browsing the GGG
• Open licensing policy
• ISWC2008 tutorial on Linked Data
The LOD cloud
http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
Music-related open data• http://dbtune.org
• Music-related RDF platform
• LOD-exporters for major music databases and social services• MusicBrainz, Jamendo
• Last.fm, MySpace
• Interlinked with references datasets• Geonames, DBPedia, riese, FOAF
• Advanced querying and browsing features
Tagging with URIs ?
• Indexing data with Semantic Web concepts defined by URIs• Solves ambiguity / heterogeneity problems
thanks to understandable identifiers
• Interlinking content thanks to Linked Data
• Challenges • How to find URIs related to a given tag
and define new ones ?
• How to let people easily bridge this gap between tagging and semantic indexing ?
MOAT• Meaning Of A Tag
• http://moat-project.org
• A model to represent the meaning of tags• “apple” can refer to various things, but when
I tag this blog post with it, I mean the record company, not the fruit
• A collaborative and open-source framework• A tag server to define and share meanings
• http://lodr.info
Music recommendations• Collaborative filtering
• http://last.fm/
• Long tail?
• Content-based analysis• Texture, rhythm, harmony, ...
• http://www.mufin.com/
• Long tail!
• Lack of cultural context
• Hybrid recommenders
Linked Data !
• Lots of cultural context• Suggests musical resources using
linked data:• Distributed social networks
• SMC and tagged content
• Linked data available within the LOD project
• Related work: FOAF-ing the music
Examples
Social Networking
• You may like what your friends are listening to ...
:alex :yvesfoaf:knows
foaf:topic_interest
dbpedia:Ramones
Social Networking
• ... and also the friends of your friends ...
:alex :yvesfoaf:knows :tomfoaf:knows
foaf:topic_interest foaf:topic_interest
dbpedia:Ramones dbpedia:Rancid
Social Networking
• ... from any service
:alex :yvesfoaf:knows :tomfoaf:knows
foaf:topic_interest foaf:topic_interest
dbpedia:Ramones dbpedia:Rancid
Using LOD
• You like a band, what about using DBpedia to see if you may like ...
:alex dbpedia:Beastie_Boysfoaf:topic_interest
Using LOD
• Bands that share concerts with them ?
:alex dbpedia:Beastie_Boysfoaf:topic_interest
p:associatedActs
dbpedia:Bad_Brains
Using LOD
• Their solo members ?
:alex dbpedia:Beastie_Boysfoaf:topic_interest
p:currentMembers
dbpedia:Adam_Yauch
p:associatedActs
dbpedia:Bad_Brains
Using LOD
• Bands from the same music genre ?
:alex dbpedia:Beastie_Boysfoaf:topic_interest
p:currentMembers
dbpedia:Adam_Yauch
dbpedia:Black_Flag_(band)
dbpedia:Hardcore_Punk
p:genre p:genrep:associatedActs
dbpedia:Bad_Brains
Using LOD
• Or even ... somehow related artists ?
:alex dbpedia:Beastie_Boysfoaf:topic_interest
p:currentMembers
dbpedia:Adam_Yauch dbpedia:B._B._King
dbpedia:Category:American_vegatarians
skos:subject skos:subject
dbpedia:Black_Flag_(band)
dbpedia:Hardcore_Punk
p:genre p:genrep:associatedActs
dbpedia:Bad_Brains
SMC and tagged content
• Tag blog posts using SIOC and MOAT ...
:alex
:blogPost1
sioc:creator_of
sioc:topic
dbpedia:The_Clash
sioct:BlogPost
rdf:type
SMC and tagged content
• ... while people tag pictures ...
:alex
:blogPost1
sioc:creator_of
:bob
:picture1
sioc:creator_of
sioc:topic
dbpedia:The_Clash dbpedia:Joe_Strummer
sioc:topic
sioct:BlogPost
rdf:type
exif:IFD rdf:type
SMC and tagged content
• ... find related content ...
:alex
:blogPost1
sioc:creator_of
:bob
:picture1
sioc:creator_of
sioc:topic
dbpedia:The_Clash dbpedia:Joe_Strummer
sioc:topic
p:pastMembers
sioct:BlogPost
rdf:type
exif:IFD rdf:type
SMC and tagged content
• ... once again, everything is distributed
:alex
:blogPost1
sioc:creator_of
:bob
:picture1
sioc:creator_of
sioc:topic
dbpedia:The_Clash dbpedia:Joe_Strummer
sioc:topic
p:pastMembers
sioct:BlogPost
rdf:type
exif:IFD rdf:type
Use cases
Simple recommendation
• Artists that a friend of mine is interested in
• SELECT ?artistWHERE { <$uri> foaf:knows [ foaf:topic_interest ?artist . ] }
Content-based
• SELECT ?track1 ?track2WHERE { <$uri> foaf:topic_interest ?artist . ?artist foaf:made ?track1 . ?track1 mo:similar_to ?track2 .}
• http://dbtune.org/henry
Mixing both
SELECT ?artist2WHERE { <$uri> foaf:knows [ foaf:topic_interest ?artist ] . ?artist a mo:MusicArtist; foaf:made ?track1. ?track1 mo:similar_to ?track2. ?artist2 foaf:made ?track2.}
Event + geolocation
Content-based
Personal music collection
A record I don't yet own
Facet browsing for artist
• http://apassant.net/home/2008/10/musicrec
• DBpedia based• Filtering of relevant properties
Future work• Origin:
• A web resource (the user)
• Target:• A web resource (the recommendation)
• Problem:• Finding a path between the origin and the
target that goes nearby other “constraints” web resources
• Interests, personal music collection, listening habits, friends, etc.
Thank you ! Any questions ?
http://flickr.com/photos/8049973@N03/2656140464/ by wolf.tone
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