colonialism and imperialism: the taking over of a weak country by a strong country

COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM: THE TAKING OVER OF A WEAK COUNTRY BY A STRONG COUNTRY

BY 1900 EUROPE CONTROLS ALL OF AFRICA!!!!!!!!!

The “scramble for Africa”

DO YOU UNDERSTAND THESE 2 QUOTES?

1. SUPERIOR RACES HAVE THE RIGHT, BECAUSE THEY HAVE A DUTY.

THEY HAVE THE DUTY TO CIVILIZE THE INFERIOR RACES.”

2. SOCIAL DARWINISM IS BASED ON “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”.

WHAT DID AFRICA HAVE THAT EUROPE WANTED?GOLD

DIAMONDIVORY

OIL FOR GASOLINECOPPERIRON

SLAVES, SLAVES, SLAVES (WHICH AFRICAN TRIBAL LEADERS THEMSELVES SOLD!)

ETC.

POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

ANY INDUSTRIALIZATION THAT THEY HAD WAS FORCED UPON THEM, AND IT ONLY

BENEFITTED EUROPE

1. NO INDUSTRIALIZATION!2. REMAINED RELIANT ON ONE OR TWO

EXPORTS!3. STILL HAD TO BUY STUFF FROM 

EUROPE!

SOME BENEFITS OF EUROPEAN COLONIALISM

AFRICA GETS RAILROADSAFRICA GETS ELECTRICTY

AFRICA GETS TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONESMANY AFRICANS LEARN ENGLISH

MANY AFRICANS GO TO RELIGIOUS SCHOOLSMANY AFRICANS GO TO SCHOOL IN LONDON OR

PARIS (FOR MANY, LEARNING ENGLISH WAS THE ONLY WAY OUT OF POVERTY.)

SOME CONSEQUENCES OF EUROPEAN COLONIALISM

AFRICA REMAINS POOR THERE IS NO MIDDLE CLASS! EUROPE STEALS ALL THEIR NATURAL RESOURCES WOMEN STARTED TO BE TREATED VERY BADLY. IN SOME TRIBES THEY WERE EQUALS. NO MORE!

YOU BETTER BECOME CHRISTIAN!!!!! (IN FACT, BY THE 1960’S AFRCA WOULD HAVE 10,000 MISSIONARIES AND 50,000,000 CHRISTIANS. THE REST WERE PRIMARLY Muslim.

MANY PEOPLE WERE EITHER SLAVES OR HAD TO WORK FOR FREE FARMING OR BUILDING RAILROADS (JUST LIKE THE INCAN AND SPANISH MITS SYSTEM)

ALSO, EUROPEANS WERE FIERCLY RACIST!!!!! 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES AFRICANS WERE FORCED TO PLANT CASH CROPS (CROPS THAT WERE SOLD ONLY TO SELL ON THE WORLD MARKET e.g. COFFEE, CACAO FOR CHOCOLATE, RUBBER, BANANAS SUGARSOME AFRICANS BECAME VERY RICH OFF OF CASH CROPS WHILE MOST JUST HAD TO WORK FOR FREEA LOT OF THESE CROPS RUINED THE NATURAL AFRICAN ENVIRONMENTDEFORESTATIONSOIL EROSIONDROUGHTAND GOD HELP YOU IF EUROPE OR AMERICA FOUND OIL THERE, OR GOLD OR DIAMONDS OR PLATINUM. YOUR VILLAGE WOULD BE GONE!!!!!!

EUROPE FORCED AFRICANS TO PLANT CASH CROPS : CROPS THAT ARE GROWN ONLY FOR A PROFIT;

COTTON, COFFEE , TEA ETC.

AND AFRICANS HAD TO PICK IT ALMOST FOR FREE. YOU WEREN’T EXACTLY A SLAVE, BUT IT WAS

FORCED LABOR. IF YOU DIDN’T DO IT, YOU GOT BEATEN.

THIS WHOLE CASH-CROP THING HAD SEVERAL DIFFERENT CONSEQUENCES:

OR YOU HAD TO WORK ON THE RAILROADS FOR FREE.OR YOU HAD TO PAY 20% OF YOUR LAND AS “TAX”

POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES

NO INDUSTRIALIZATION!ANY INDUSTRIALIZATION THAT THEY HAD WAS

FPRCED UPON THEM AND ONLY BENEFITTED EUROPE

REMAINED RELIANT ON ONE OR TWO EXPORTS!

STILL HAD TO BUY STUFF FROM EUROPE!

KING LEOPOLD OF BELGIUM

THE BRITSIH EMPIRE

SOUTH AFRICA: 1. AT FIRST SOUTH AFRICA IS RULED BY A GUY NAMED  

SHAKA ZULU, WHO IS A TRIBAL WARLORD IN THE AREA

2. BUT THEN BARTHOLOMUE DIAS FINDS SOUTH AFRICA AND NAMES IT THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE FOR EUROPE

3. EVENTUALLY, THE DUTCH (HOLLAND) COME AND KICK THE ZULU OUT

4. THE DUTCH BECOME KNOWN AS AFRIKAANERS AND THEY ARE FIERCLY RACIST AGIANST THE NATIVE SOUTH AFRICANS

BUT ENGLAND DECIDES TO TAKE OVER TO GET A QUICK WAY TO GET TO INDIA.

A MAN NAMED CECIL RHODES LEADS THE EXPEDITION.THE DUTCH ARE FORCED TO MOVE NORTH, BUT THEN GUESS

WHAT, THE ENGLISH DISCOVER _____ THERE. THE BOER WAR: THE BRITISH GO TO WAR AGAINST THE DUTCH. 

GUESS WHO WINS THE BOER WAR?SOUTH AFRICA BECOMES A BRITISH COLONY AND STARTS PRACTICING APARTHEID, WHICH IS THE SEGREGATION OF BLACKS AND WHITES

APARTHIED WILL NOT END, AND SOUTH    AFRICA WILL NOT BECOME INDPENDENT, UNTIL A MAN NAMED NELSON MANDELA IS RELEASED FROM PRISON AFTER 30 YEARS AND IS ELECTED PRESIDENT.

APARTHEID: SOUTH AFRICA PRACTICED SEGRAGATION UNIL THE 1980’S

BLACKS AND WHITES WERE LEGALLY SEPARATED.

WHITES FROM ENGLAND AND HOLLAND ONLY REPRESENTED 11% OF THE POPULATION, BUT THEY CONTROLLED 90% OF THE LAND.

NELSON MANDELA

AKBAR THE GREAT

WHY COLONIZE INDIA?

1. NATURAL RESOURCES2. SO ENGLAND COULD SELL ITS PRODUCTS THERE

(REMEMBER: MERCANTILISM IS WHERE THE MOTHER COUNTRY FORCES THE COLONY TO ONLY BUY FROM THEM AND ONLY DO BUSINESS WITH THEM)

AT FIRST THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY TAKES OVER INDIA FOR

ENGLANDREMEMBER: ENGLAND LIKES SENDING

COMPANIES, THAT’S WHY AMERICA HAD A TRADITION OF CAPTIALISM GOING WAY BACK.

POSITIVESBUILT A RAILROAD

BUILT TELEGRAPH LINESBETTER HEALTH CARE

• THE CASTE SYSTEM STAYED, BUT THE BRITISH DID GIVE INDIA AN EQUAL

COURT SYSTEM REGARDLESS OF CASTE

• MANY INDIANS SENT THEIR KIDS TO BRITISH SCHOOLS

NEGATIVES• ENGLAND FLODDED INDIA WITH CHEAP COTTON

AND OTHER GOODS. IF YOU WORKED BY HAND YOU WERE OUT OF A JOB

• THE BETTER HEALTH CARE LED TO A MASSIVE POPULATION BOOM (TODAY INDIA HAS 1 BILLION PEOPLE)

• POVERTY NEVER REALLY WENT AWAY. THE POOR NEVER REALLY BENEFITED FROM BRITISH RULE 

NOT SO FUN FACT: TODAY INDIA HAS MORE POVERTY THEN THE ENTIRE AFRICAN CONTINENT

THE SEPOY REBELLION: MUTINY IN 1857 BY INDIAN AND MUSLIM SOLDIERS 

(A REBELLION BY THE INDIAN SOLDIERS)

THE NEW, MODERN RIFLES THEY HAD TO USE HAD BULLET CARTRIDGES THAT HAD TO BE OPENED WITH YOUR TEETH. BUT THEY WERE GREASED WITH ANIMAL FAT. IF THE FAT CAME FROM PIGS, THE MUSLIMS WERE UPSET. IF THE FAT CAME FROM COWS THE HINDUS WERE UPSET.

THE SEPOY REBELLION: MUTINY IN 1857 BY INDIAN AND MUSLIM SOLDIERS (A REBELLION BY THE INDIAN SOLDIERS)

CONSEQUENCES: TO QUIET DOWN THE REBELLIONS

ENGLAND GETS RID OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY AND DECIDES TO REALLY TAKE CHARGE. THEY COMPLETELY TAKE OVER THE COUNTRY AND MAKE ALL INDIANS SUBJECTS OF THE BRITISH CROWN.  QUEEN VICTORIA IS CROWNED EMPRESS OF INDIA INDIA KEEPS A MASSIVE AMOUNT OF SOLDIERS IN INDIA (140 SEPOY REGIMENTS, 16 EUROPEAN REGIMENTS) CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES  (OF COURSE!) 

QUEEN VICTORIA IS CROWNED EMPRESS OF INDIA

THIS IS WHEN THEY REALLY PUT MONEY INTO THE COUNTRY AND BUILD THE 5TH LARGEST RAILROAD IN THE WORLD. AND THIS IS WHEN THEY CREATE THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE EXAM TO QUIET DOWN THE REBELLIONS. 

(SIMILAR TO THE CHINESE CIVIL SERVICE EXAM, WHICH WAS BASED ON CONFUCIANISM. Supposed to be open to everyone, but only rich could participate) 

CONSEQUENCES OF BRITISH RULE:

1. THE INDIANS HATE THE BRITISH AND WANT TO GET RID OF THEM

2. THEY DEVELOP INDIAN PRIDE, KNOWN AS PAN-INDIAN NATIONALISM. AND THIS IS WHEN INDIANS REALIZE THEY HAVE TO BE “ONE PEOPLE” AND CREATE THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

3. THEY EVENTUALLY WIN THEIR FREEDOM WITH GHANDI AND HIS LITTLE WHITE ROBE.

MAHATMA GHANDI

GANDHI ASSASSINATION

THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IN INDIA IS THAT THERE ARE MUSLIMS IN THE NORTH AND HINDUS IN THE SOUTH. WHIS WILL LEAD INDIA TO TRUN INTO INDIA AND PAKISTAN AFTER

WWII

THE ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA

DIDGERIDOO

THE MAORI OF NEW ZEALAND

AMERICA’S EXPANSION WESTWARD UNDER “MANIFEST DESTINY”

1. WE GOT THE LOUISIANA PURCHSE FROM FRANCE AND2. WE GOT TEXAS, CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA AND NEW

MEXICO FROM…MEXICO

RUSSIA’ EXPANSION INTO CENTRAL ASIA