collaboration for cct towards the balancing of 3e+s...and southeast asia. 800. gco2/kwh. 709....
Post on 23-Jun-2020
4 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryAgency for Natural Resources and Energy
Collaboration for CCTTowards the Balancing of 3E+S
29th March 2018
Hideyuki UmedaDeputy Director, Coal Division,
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy(ANRE), METI
1
Is renewable energy perfect? Maintenance of the capacity of thermal power and its dispatch ability is
essential.
PV
DemandCurve
Pumped Storage Power Generation
O`clock O`clock O`clock O`clock O`clock
Stop or restrain the operation of thermal power, and pump up water during day time
38% (the ratio of Renewables per day)
Increase of out put of thermal power and pumped storage power, responding to the rapid electricity demand increase (around 2Gw/hour), caused by PV output decrease.
Thermal Power as a baseload
Decrease of out put of thermal power, responding to the electricity decrease caused by PV output increase.
4.9 million (kW) (aroud 66% of the total demand) out put of PV and Wind during day time(at 13:00) Pumped Storage Power Generation
Pumpingupwater
Demand & Supply Balance in Kyushu Area (May 4th,2016)
Crude oil (2016) Natural gas (2016)
Ref.: Trade statistics
Strait of HormuzSteam Coal (2016)
So, Natural Gas is the best choice?(Fossil Fuel Export Countries to Japan)
2
Saudi Arabia, 35.7%
UAE, 24.5%
Qatar, 9.2%
Kuwait, 6.8%
Iran, 6.7%
Russia, 6.1%Mexico, 2.7%
Iraq, 2.3%Indonesia, 1.6%
Malaysia, 0.6%
Others, 3.8%
Middle-East dependence
86.4%Total import: 3.35 million
BD/year
Australia, 75.6%
Indonesia, 10.8%
Russia, 9.8%Canada, 1.8%
China, 1.1%USA, 0.7% Others, 0.1%
Middle-East dependence 0%
Total import: 109.8million
t/year
Australia,25%
Malaysia,16%
Qatar,15%
Russia,8%
UAE7%
Indonesia7%
Brunei,4%
Papua New Guinea,
4% USA4%
Oman,3%
Nigeria,2%
Others,5%
Middle-East dependence
23.6%Total import: 94.24million
t/year
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Comparison of stock days Stock of coal is 1 month in Japan, since coal is easy to stock and can stock
even in the open field. On the other hand, stock of LNG is less than 2 weeks in Japan (3weeks
including stocks in ships).
State Storage
Comparison of stocks of each fuel (End of March, 2017)
別途多量の在庫
State Storageand Another many stocks
78days55days
28days 9days 15days
Petroleum
LPG
Coal LNG for power generation
LNG for thermal use
3
Importance of balancing 3E+S policy targets
1. Self Sufficiency ↑up3. CO2 Emission ↓down
2. Electricity Costs ↓down
Use Renewable Less LNG More Coal
Max Renewable Use LNG Less Coal
No more inefficient Coal-fired Power PlantsMore Clean Coal technologies
Energy Mix (Supply & Demand Outlook)To secure ‘Safety+3E’ of Japan’s Energy supply and demand:Foremost condition: Nuclear safety ⇒Safety
1. Improved energy self-sufficiency (about 25%) ⇒Energy Security2. Lower electricity costs ⇒Economic Efficiency3. Set a GHG reduction target and lead the world ⇒Environment
(Total Electricitygeneration)
1,065TWh
Electricity generation mix
2030
Hydro8.8~9.2%
Solar 7.9%
Wind 1.7%
Bioenergy3.7~4.6%
Geothermal1.0~1.1%
Renewable Energy22~24%
Nuclear 22~20%
LNG27%
Coal 26%
Oil 3%
2013
Renewable Energy11%
Nuclear1%
LNG43%
Coal 30%
Oil 12%
Electricity cost
Self-Sufficiency Rate
From 11% to 22~24%
Lower the cost fromthe current level
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Reduction target at the same level as in Europe and the US
Safe
ty• Japanese government set out Japan’s energy mix toward 2030 in July, 2015• The basic principles of “3E+S” is to achieve 3E+S (Safety, Energy security,
Economic efficiency, Environment) simultaneously, and to materialize balanced electricity configuration.
• Coal is positioned as the important energy source to be used while reducing the environmental burden. The dependency of thermal(coal) will still a base-lord generation (26%) in 2030.
Japan’s Current Energy Policy and Position of Coal
Reality: Increasing capacity of coal-fired power
The capacity of coal-fired thermal power is estimated toincrease along with economic growth mainly in India, China,and Southeast Asia.
800gCO2/kWh
709gCO2/kWh
593gCO2/kWh
World Electricity Generation (New Policies Scenario)(TWh)
Perspective of increase or decrease of Capacity of Coal-Fired and Gas-Fired Power Generation in the World
(Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2017) (GW)
-
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000
2000 2015 2016 2025 2030 2035 2040
Other RE
PV
Wind
Hydro
Nuclear
Gas
Oil
Coal
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Russia
US
EU
MiddleEast
Africa
Southeast Asia
India
China
Coal Gas
6
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2017
New Policies Scenario
EU(826TWh→207TWh)
Russia(158TWh→131TWh)
Middle East(1TWh→16TWh)
Africa(257TWh→294TWh) India
(1,042TWh→2,116TWh)
Southeast Asia(308TWh→898TWh)
USA(1,471TWh→1,199TWh)
Central and South America
(73TWh→85TWh)
Upper : Country or Region
Lower : Change in Generation (2015 → 2040)
: Year 2015, : Year 2040
Up to 2040, the world’s total coal-fired power generation will expand (9,532TWh(2015)→10,086TWh(2040)).
Particularly in Asia Pacific region, large expansion is expected.
7
Projection of electricity generation by coal-fired power
China(4,134TWh→4,008TWh) Japan
(343TWh→236TWh)
8
Importance of Clean Coal TechnologiesClean Coal
Technologies-StableAdvantage
of Coal
Disadvantageof Coal
-Economical
51years 53years
153years
020406080
100120140160180
The reserves to production ratio
Oil Gas Coal
13.7% 6.5%27.5%
19.4%
4.1%
1.6%9.1%
31.0%
34.8%
47.7% 42.7% 0.1%
7.6%7.6%
3.6%
2.5% 8.2%
32.3%
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
Oil Gas Coal
Amount of reserves by region
North America Central and South Africa
Europe & Eurasia Middle East
Africa Asia Pacific
・The reserves to production ratio of coal is longer than others
・The area of available coal resources is wide and not depending on Middle East
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2000
/1/1
2001
/1/1
2002
/1/1
2003
/1/1
2004
/1/1
2005
/1/1
2006
/1/1
2007
/1/1
2008
/1/1
2009
/1/1
2010
/1/1
2011
/1/1
2012
/1/1
2013
/1/1
2014
/1/1
2015
/1/1
2016
/1/1
2017
/1/1
Transition of CIF
Oil Gas Coal
yen/kcal
CIF Price(Dec, 2017)Oil:4.83yen/1000kcalGas:3.61yen/1000kcalCoal:1.91yen/1000kcal
Sources: BP Statistics 2017 Sources: IEE JAPAN DATA
-emit GHG
-emit some pollutants
①High efficiency andlow emission technologies
②Air Pollutant Reduction technologies・Coal fired power plants emit more CO2 than
other fired power plants like oil and gas.
・Coal fired power plants emit pollutants like PM,Sox and Nox which raise air pollution.
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Current USC IGCC IGFC
CO2 reduction potential by thermal power technologies
23%of CO2 emissions are produced from coal-fired power plants in Japan. Around 6.6million tons/year of CO2 will be reduced if the efficiency of coal thermal power plants improve by an average of 1%.
▲13million ton
Potential reductions of CO2 through the improvement in efficiency
CO2 emissions from thermal power plants account for total emissions(2014)
(10thoutands t-CO2)
Others658million ton(55%)
Coal Power270 million ton
(23%)
LNG Power184 million ton
(15%)
Oil Power etc.78 million ton(7%)
▲46 million ton▲83million ton
(10thouthandst-CO2)
Coal Power
38% 40% 46% 55%(+2%) (+8%) (+17%)
Net thermal EfficiencyHHV
Source:GHG Emissions(2014) by Ministry of the Environment
Power GenerationType
SUB-C (Sub-Critical) coal fired power
SC (Super Critical)coal fired power
USC (Ultra Super Critical)
coal fired power
Structure
Upper :Steam PressureLower:Steam
Temperature
Less than 221barLess than 566℃
※1bar≒1 atmospheric pressure
Not less than 221barLess than566℃
Not less than 240barNot less than 593℃
Power Generation Efficiency
LowAround 38%
MediumAround 40%
HighAround 43%
CO2 Emissions(g/ 1KWh)
ManyAround 900g
MediumAround 850g
SmallAround 800g
Boiler
Steam Turbine
10
Boiler
Steam Turbine
Boiler
Steam Turbine
Drum
The type of Coal Fired Power Plant
10
Coal fired power plants in EU countries are low efficient and aging, and delay environmental countermeasures.
Comparison of Coal Fired Power Plants each country
11Source)IEE Japan made it based on Platts data
Ref)* The percentage is based on capacity. Breakdown by technologies remove what coal type are unclear. ** Operation Start before 1980 ***The percentage of capacity against total 504 facilities including coal fired power plants
Coal Fired Power Year EU UK France Spain Italy Netherlands Germany Poland JapanInstalled Capacity(GW) 2015 176.6 18.7 5.4 10.4 9.5 7.1 50.8 28.5 45.7
Installed Capacity(GW)* 2017 168.2 15.3 3.3 10.2 10.7 5.9 51.4 32.1 43.6
Lignite (%) 2017 31.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.8 29.0 0.0
Less than 0.5million kW (%) 2017 60.4 20.8 8.5 72.2 51.1 0.0 35.3 93.8 25.9
Deterioration (%)** 2017 44.8 83.0 3.0 34.3 43.9 18.6 30.9 57.9 10.2
Sub-Critical (%) 2017 79.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 51.1 18.4 61.4 94.4 25.3
Super Critical (%) 2017 10.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.3 21.8 16.1 5.6 38.1
Ultra Super Critical (%) 2017 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.5 59.8 22.6 0.0 36.7
Power Generation Efficiency (%) 2014 38.3 39.5 39.6 37.8 38.6 41.8 38.4 35.3 43.3Unachieved rate ofenvironmental standard (%)***
2012 39.0 53.0 67.0 25.0 16.0 4.0 21.0 100.0
Plan of new power plant (GW) 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 8.3 19.5
Lignite (%) 2017 31.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 16.3 0.0
Sub-Critical (%) 2017 16.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 4.0
Super Critical (%) 2017 21.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.7 2.8
Ultra Super Critical (%) 2017 48.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 51.4 89.0
Overview of Installed Capacity(GW)
2030 100.9 0.5 3.8 4.0 5.1 4.4 36.8 20.7 47.0
12
The breakdown of coal fired power plants under construction and planning in ASEAN The capacity of coal fired power plants under construction and
planning in ASEAN is 80GW. There is huge potential for reduction of CO2 by HELE technologies such as USC and IGCC, because Sub-C and SC are still major facilities in the breakdown of 80GW.
Sources) WCA(World Coal Association 「2017 Clean Coal Day」
Plant Unit Size(Gross) Large Medium Small
Steam Condition >500MW ≧300MW <300MW
USC≧593℃>240Bar
Maximum repayment terms
12 yearsMaximum repayment terms
12 yearsMaximum repayment terms
12 years
SC>550℃>221Bar
Ineligible10 years
[IDA-eligible countries, Low electrification ratio,Geographically isolated location (islands area) ]
10 years [IDA-eligible countries,
Low electrification ratio,Geographically isolated location (islands area) ]
SUB-C221Bar> Ineligible Ineligible
10 years [IDA-eligible countries,Geographically isolated location (islands area) ]
OECD Sector Understanding on Export Credits for Coal-fired Electricity Generation Projects agreed in Nov-2015
Effective 1 January 2017
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
Power generation efficiency
IGCCCompleted verification by blowing air・Power generation efficiency: Approximately 45%・CO2 emissions: Approximately 750 g/kWh
Ultra Super Critical (USC)Pulverized coal thermal power utilizing steam power・Power generation efficiency: Approximately 40%・CO2 emissions: Approximately 820 g/kWh
Around 2025Present
Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle 1700 ℃ – class (IGCC)
Coal-fired thermal power generated through coal gasification, utilizing the combined cycle combining gas turbine and steam turbine・Power generation efficiency: Approximately 46 to
50%・CO2 emissions: 650 g/kWh (1700 ℃ class)
Pulverized coal thermal power utilizing high temperature and pressure steam turbinePower generation efficiency: Approximately 46%CO2 emissions: Approximately 710 g/kWh
Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC)
Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC)
Coal-fired thermal power utilizing the triple combined cycle combining IGCC with fuel cell・Power generation efficiency:
Approximately 55%・CO2 emissions: Approximately
590 g/kWh・Technological establishment: Around
2025
Around 2020
Reduction of CO2 by approximately 30%
Reduction of CO2 by approximately 20%
Photos by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., and Osaki CoolGen Corporation
14
Development of Next-Generation Coal-Fired Power Technologies
15
Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
Fukushima Revitalization Power540MW Nakoso IGCC (COD: Sep.2020)540MW Hirono IGCC (COD: Sep.2021)
Joban Joint Power Co.250MW Nakoso #10(Demo.2007-, Commercial 2013-)
Osaki CoolGenOsaki CoolGen Project(Demo 2016-)
IGCC Projects in Japan
• In IGCC, coal is gasified and burned at a “gas turbine”, and heat is recovered by combined cycle steam turbine.
• Thermal efficiency is approximately 46 to 50% and CO2 emissions can be reduced to approx. 700 g/kWh.
Overview○ Osaki CoolGen Project aims to realize innovative low-carbon coal-fired power generation that combines CO2 separation and capture with IGFC, which is the ultimate high-efficiency coal-fired power generation technology. Demonstration operation started on August 16, 2016.
(1) Technical feature Thermal Efficiency Target: 55% (up from 40% of USC)
※net, HHV CO2 capture & storage through Oxygen-blown IGCC
(2)Project entity: Osaki CoolGen Corporation(Joint Venture of J-POWER and Chugoku Electric Power)
(3)Project Schedule: FY2012 to FY2021
Plant image
Project Outline
Project Schedule
16
FY 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
<1st stage>Oxygen blown
IGCCDemonstration
<2nd stage>CO2 Capture
with IGCCDemonstration
<3rd stage>CO2 Capture
with IGFCDemonstration
Demonstrationtest
Oxygen blown IGCCDesign, Manufacturing and Construction
Demonstrationtest
CO2 CaptureDesign, Manufacturing
and ConstructionFeasibility study
Demonstration test
CO2 Capture with IGFCDesign, Manufacturingand Construction
Feasibility study
Waste water treatment unit
(Existing)
Coal gasification
unitGas clean up
unit
Waste water treatment unit(new)
CO2 capture unit
Air separation
unit
Gas turbine unit
Project Site: Osakikamijima cho, Toyota gun, Hiroshima
IGFC Demonstration Project (Osaki CoolGen)
17
IEA Energy and Air Pollution(WEO Special Report)“Air pollution is a major public health crisis, with many of its root causes and cures to be found in the energy sector. Around 6.5 million deaths are attributed each year to poor air quality.”
The IEA proposes a Clean Air Scenario to cut pollutant emissions by more than half compared with WEO’s New Policy Scenario. Clean Air Scenario recommends;1. Setting an ambitious long-term air quality goal.2. Putting in place a package of clean air policies for the energy sector to achieve the long-term goal.3. Ensuring effective monitoring, enforcement, evaluation and communication.
(Source: IEA Energy and Air Pollution: WEO Special Report)
“State-of-the-art ESPs can achieve dust removal efficiencies of 99%, but reaching such high levels requires a sound configuration of the control device with the plant’s operational characteristics and the coal type. Introducing strict monitoring of plant emissions is a necessary step in the face of widespread lack of compliance with pollution control regulations.”
Source: Kanagawa Environmental Research Center, Bureau of Environment.TMG.
Japan’s Experience - Air Pollution and Acid Rain in the 1960s-70s
19
Before (Capacity 256MW×2)
0
20
40
60
Before After
PM
0
100
200
Before After
NOx
0
50
100
Before After
SOx83%Down92%Down 90%Down
ppm ppm mg/m3N
After (Capacity 600MW×2)
1967~2001
2002~
There are many coal power plants, located near large city or residential area in Japan.
For example, Isogo coal power plant is located near residential areas in Yokohama City. Air pollutants are reduced drastically by using CCT.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
US(2014)
Canada(2014)
UK(2014)
France(2014)
Germany(2014)
Italy(2014)
Japan(2014)
Isogo(2016)
1.0
2.0
0.6
0.9
0.5
0.1 0.2 0.001
0.6
1.2 1.1
1.3
0.8
0.2 0.3 0.06
(g/kWh)
SOxNOx
International comparison of the amount of SOx, NOx per thermal power generation
Synthesis of Coal, Oil, Gas Power Coal Power
The case of Isogo coal power plant
Steam Turbine
Bulk Terminal
Coal Mill
FGD【Remove Sox】
SCR【Remove Nox】
Generator
EP
Boiler
【Remove PM】
Air pollutant reduction technologies such as SCR, FGD and EP can remove NOx, SOx and PM from the emission gas of coal thermal power plant.
20
Air Pollutant Reduction Technology for Coal Fired Power Plant
© 2018 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 21
Monitoring Technologies for Coal Fired Plant
EmissionMonitoring
Exhaust GasTreatment Monitoring
Combustion Control Monitoring
Environmental Impact management
Reduce Operation and Maintenance Cost
Water Quality Monitoring
Monitoring
Support for CCT promotion in developing country
Invite people from government & power companies to Japan to understand cutting edge CCT.
Send Japanese coal experts to hold technical seminars or to diagnose old power plants.
Provide O&M training program for engineers through invitation to Japan.
Training program in Japan power plant
Training program in Japan manufacturing factories
22
Diagnosis old coal power plants
Gross thermal efficiency (%, HHV)
Efficiency degradation
X Coal-fired thermal power generation in Japan
Maintenance of efficiency by appropriate O&M
Designed thermal efficiency
Y Coal-fired thermal power generation in developing countries
Years in operation
USC needs much higher O&M expertise
Comprehensive technical support, not only for plant construction, but also for O&M is required when developing countries deploy USC plants
Change in efficiency across the ages
Japan’s coal-fired power plants can maintain the designed efficiency level for a long period due to appropriate operating and maintenance (O&M).
Ultra supercritical (USC) needs sophisticated plant O&M and know-how.
Cooperation for Public Acceptance
24
Japan is available to cooperate the support which provides the knowhow regarding EIA including public acceptance.
Document of EIA
Briefing to local residents
Structure of Stakeholders on EIA in Japan
25
Summary (message)
• There are no perfect energy sources. In considering energy mix, it is important to diversify energy sources in terms of “3E+S” (Safety, Energy security, Economic efficiency and Environment). Coal is still one of the most important energy sources in the world due to its affordability and stable supply.
• As coal power plants emit more CO2 and air pollutants (SOx, NOx, PM) compared to other energy sources, it is essential to utilize the clean coal technology. When building coal power plant, it is desirable to introduce a higher efficient and cleaner one.
• Japan continue to contribute world electricity supply and climate change issues by disseminating our Clean Coal Technologies.
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
Thank you for your attention!
26
top related