classification - sun prairie area school district guide notes... · the branch of biology that...
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ClassificationUsing Unity to Organize Diversity
Classification○ Classification:
○ The grouping of objects or information based on similarities
○ Taxonomy:○ Definition:
○ The branch of Biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history (DNA).
○ Why?○ To organize all the life on Earth
○ Uses same language (Latin or some Greek)
1st Classifier○Aristotle (384-322 BCE)○Classified everything into 2 groups
○Plants○ Herbs, shrubs, trees
○Animals (where they lived)○ Land, air, water
plants
land
airSee any
problems?
organisms
water
Aristotle’s System
Breakout
○ What organisms can you think of that don’t fit into Aristotle’s system?
Other Problems○ Also used common names for
classification.○ Problems with this?
○ When new organisms were discovered (microscopic) they didn’t fit into the system
○ Common names vary from location to location○ Killer whale and orca
○ Mountain Lion, cougar, puma
○ Name can be misleading for the type of organism
Breakout Problem Organisms
Starfish
Seahorse
Cactus
Jellyfish
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)○ Swedish Naturalist: “Father of Taxonomy:
○ Grouped organisms based on:○ Morphology (form and structure)
○ 7 Group System○ Kingdom (most diverse)
○ Phylum○ Class
o Ordero Family
o Genuso Species (least diverse)
Linnaeus Classification System
Helpful Tip!○ How do I remember it?
King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti
How Do We Name Organisms?
○ Binomial nomeclature:○ 2 part naming system
○ Bi = two (2) ○ Nom = name
○ 1st name is the Genus (Capitalize 1st letter)○ 2nd name is the species (lower case)
○ Example: Humans
o Homo sapiens (genus) (species)
○ When typing always italicize the words!○ When writing out by hand always underline!
Say What?○ Scientific Names are written
in LATIN○ Latin is a “dead” language (no
longer spoken in cultures)
○ Every scientist, regardless of spoken language, can understand
○ Scientific Names have can have meaning○ Linneaus borealis
○ Linnaeus's favorite flower
○ “borealis” means north○ Aura borealis – Northern Lights
Breakout
○ Using the scientific name which pair is most closely related?
○ Quercus alba ○ Quercus rubra
○ Quercus alba ○ Caladris alba
● White oak● Red oak
● White oak● Sanderling
(small wading shorebird)
Modern Day Classification
○ No longer rely solely on morphology○ Focus on DNA
○ DNA can more accurately identify organisms that are closely related.
The more similarities in DNA, the closer related two organisms are.
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