classification scientific names organisms are universally...
TRANSCRIPT
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Classifying Organisms
* Organisms are divided into 3 domains
and 6 kingdoms based on the following
characteristics
Classification
Cell Structure: Cell wall & Organelles
Cell wall give structure & support
Cell Type: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic - No nucleus
Eukaryotic - nucleus
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Classification
Classifying Organisms
* Organisms are divided into 3
domains and 6 kingdoms based on the
following characteristics
Number of cells: Unicellular vs. Multicellular
Unicellular - 1 cell
Multicellular - more than 1 cell
Nutrition: Autotrophic vs. Heterotrophic
Autotrophic - makes their own food
Heterotrophic - must consume food
Reproduction: Asexual vs. Sexual
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DOMAINS
KINGDOMS
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Classifying Organisms
ArchaebacteriaDomain - ArchaeaKingdom - Archaebacteria
* Prokaryotic cells* Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan* Unicellular* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic* Live in extreme environments
Examples: Thermophiles - extreme temperaturesHalophiles - extreme salinityMethanogens – live in methane gas
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Classifying Organisms
Bacteria
* Prokaryotic cells* Cell walls contain peptidoglycan* Unicellular* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic* Asexual Reproduction
Examples: Streptococcus
Escherichia
coli
Domain - BacteriaKingdom - Eubacteria
* Bacteria can be further classified by shape
Coccus (cocci): round
Bacillus (bacilli): rod-like
Spirillus (spirilli): spiral
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Classifying Organisms
Bacteria
Examples: strep throat,
pneumonia, tuberculosis
* Bacteria can be harmful
- Pathogens: agents that cause disease
- Can be treated with an antibiotic
* Bacteria can be helpful
- Help to produce food products: yogurt, pickles
- Decomposers - recycle nutrients in the environment
- Help organisms digest food
- Transgenic bacteria can produce medicines
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Classifying Organisms
Protists
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom - Protista
* Eukaryotic cells
* (some) Cell walls contain cellulose
* Unicellular and multicellular
* Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
* Mostly asexual reproduction
Examples: Paramecium, euglena, algae
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Classifying Organisms
Protist Movement
* Flagella - whiplike projection
* Cilia - hairlike projections
* Pseudopod - false foot formed when cytoplasm moves into a
projection of the cell membrane
* Protists can be helpful
- Help to produce food products: ice cream, gels
- Algae produce the majority of oxygen on our planet
* Protists can be harmful
- Pathogens: agents that cause disease
Examples: malaria, ameobic
dysentary
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Classifying Organisms
Protist effect on equilibrium
* These are beneficial, but can be harmful
when the microorganisms disrupt the
ecosystem equilibrium
*Example: If something were to happen to
green algae, the decrease in population size
would severely affect the rest of the
ecosystem that is dependent on algae (pretty
much everything)
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Classifying Organisms
Fungi
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom - Fungi
* Eukaryotic cells
* Cell walls contain chitin
* Unicellular and multicellular
* Heterotropic decomposers - externally digest dead matter
* Asexual and Sexual reproduction
Examples: Yeast, bread mold, mushrooms
* Fungi can be helpful
- Decomposers - recycle nutrients
- Live on plant roots and help plants absorb nutrients
- Food products - mushrooms, bread, wine, soy
sauce
- Used to produce antibiotics; penicillin
* Fungi can be harmful
- Pathogens: agents that cause disease
Examples: athletes foot, ringworm
- Spoil food
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Classifying Organisms
Fungi
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom – Fungi
* Fungi can disrupt the ecosystem equilibrium
The Great Famine of Ireland (1800’s)
-Potato Blight
-Fungus that infected potatoes
-Caused humans to starve as
a result, resulted in a mass
immigration from Ireland
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Classifying Organisms
Plants
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom - Plantae
* Eukaryotic cells
* Cell walls contain cellulose
* Multicellular
* Autotrophic
* Asexual and Sexual reproduction
Examples: Corn, ferns, pine trees
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Classifying Organisms
Animals
Domain - Eukarya
Kingdom - Animalia
* Eukaryotic cells
* No cell wall
* Multicellular
* Heterotrophic
* (Mostly) sexual reproduction
Examples: bees, turtles, fish, elephants