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SYLLABUS
Semester – I
PY 211 Paper - I
CLASSICAL INDIAN PHILOSOPHY
Chapter I
Introduction : Origin and Development of Indian Philosophy- Vedic Religion-
Rta - Upanisadic Concept of Reality - Gita Concept of Nishkamakarma -
Sthithaprajna.
Chapter II
Heterodox Systems : Carvaka Materialism - Metaphysics and Epistemology –
Buddhism - Four noble truths – Pramanas - Jainism-Categories - Triratnas-
Syadvada.
Chapter III
Orthodox Systems : Nyaya – Vaisesika – Epistemology – Pramanas - Paratah
Pramanyavada –Anyatakhyati
Chapter IV
Samkhya - Yoga- Samkhya Metaphysics –Parinamavada- Svatah Pramanya Vada
– Sadasadkhyati - Astanga Yoga.
Chapter V
Purva Mimamsa – Realism – Pramanas accepted by Bhatta and Prabhakara –
Theory of Error - Means to Liberation.
Reference Books
Structural Depths of Indian Thought – P.T. Raju
The Spirit of Indian Philosophy- N. V. Banergee
Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy – C.D. Sharma
Indian Philosophy I & II – Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Indian Philosophy – Jadunath Sinha
Indian Philosophy Vol.1 - S. N. Dasgupta
Classical Indian Philosophy – J.N. Mohanty
Invitation to Indian Philosophy – T.M.P. Mahadevan
Six Ways of Knowing – D. M. Dutta
PY 212 Paper II
WESTERN PHILOSOPHY: ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL
Chapter I
Origin and Development of early Greek Philosophy - Ionian Cosmology:
Concept of Substance – Thales, Anaximenes, Anaximander – Pythagoras(brief
account of their views) -Problem of Being and Becoming: Parmenides and
Heraclitus - Atomism of Democritus
Chapter II
Sophists and Socrates: The Sophists Problem of Knowledge – Relativism
Socrates : Method
Chapter III
System Builders - Plato: Dialectics, Theory of Knowledge, Knowledge and
Opinion, Doctrine of Ideas,
Aristotle: Classification of Sciences, Form and Matter, Potentiality and Actuality,
Four Causes.
Chapter IV
Scholastic Philosophy: Characteristics, Its nature and problem
St. Augustine: Problem of Evil
St. Anslem: Ontological Argument
St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and Reason, Essence and Existence.
Chapter V
Decline of Scholasticism: - John Duns Scotus: Doctrine of universals - William of
Occam: Occam’s Razor
Reference Books
History of Western Philosophy: Frank Thilly
History of Medieval Philosophy – Frederick Copleston, J.
History of Western Philosophy – Russell
History of Modern Philosophy – W. K. Wright
Critical History of Greek Philosophy: W.T. Stace
Early Greek Philosophy : John Burnet
PY 213 Paper III
LOGIC
Chapter I
Introduction:
Definition, Nature and Scope of Logic
Words and Terms: Classification, Denotations, Connotations,
Propositions: Classifications
Syllogism: Deduction and Induction
Laws of Thought.
Chapter II
CATEGORICAL PROPOSITION
Distribution of Terms in Proposition
Euler’s Circle
Immediate and Mediate Inference
Opposition of Proposition, Square of Opposition
Seven Relation between Propositions
Chapter III
ARGUEMENTS
Categorical Syllogism – Rules and Fallacies
Figures and Moods, Rules
Compound Arguments, Hypothetical and Disjunctive Syllogism-Dilemma
Chapter IV
INDUCTION AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Types of Induction, Problem of Induction
Postulates of Induction
Analogy
Causation - common sense view of causation
Mill’s method, Criticism
Scientific Method , Hypothesis
Stage of Scientific Investigation
Chapter V
FALLACIES
Fallacies of Relevance
Fallacies of Presumption
Fallacies of Ambiguity
References:
Introduction to Logic – I.M. Copi and Carl Cohen
Introduction to Logic & Scientific Method – M.R. Cohen and E. Nagel
A Modern Introduction to Logic – Susan Stebbing
Introduction to Logic – Creighton and Smart
Introduction to Logic – TMP Mahadevan
PY 214 Paper IV
MORAL PHILOSOPHY
Chapter I
Ethics - General Introduction: Definition, Nature and Objectives – Different
approaches : Normative and non-normative
Normative ethics and Applied ethics.
Chapter II
Classical Ethical Theories:- Consequentialist theory- Utilitarianism of J.S. Mill –
Deontological theory – Immanuel Kant and W.D. Ross-Communitarian theory –
David Hume – Self realization theory – F. H. Bradley - Pragmatic theory – John
Dewey
Chapter III
Right, Duty, Justice: Natural rights – nature of duties- relation between rights and
duties – Virtues- Ancient theories – Plato and Aristotle, Modern theory – Alasdair
Mac Intyre- Theories of punishment – Justice- Formal principles of justice –
Aristotle- Distributive justice – John Rawles.
Chapter IV
Ethical Scepticism- Nature, Historical Origin and Development – Approach by
Logical Positivists – Ayer, Carnap and Russell
Chapter V
Meta Ethical Theories: Distinction between ethical cognitivism and non-
cognitivism – Ethical naturalism and Non-Naturalism – naturalistic fallacy – G.E.
Moore. Emotivism – C.L. Stevenson. Prescriptivism- R.M.Hare.
Reference Books:
Manual of Ethics: J.S. Mackenzie
An Introduction to Ethics – William Lillie
Contemporary Ethical Theories – T.E. Hill
Philosophical Ethics – Tom L. Beauchamp
Eight Theories of Ethics – Gordan Graham
Five Types Ethical Theory – C.D. Broad
Modern Moral Philosophy – W.D.Hudson
SEMESTER - II
PY 221 Paper V
PHILOSOPHY OF VEDANTA
Chapter I
Pre- Sankara Vedanta:
Origin and Development of Vedanta- Role of Prastanatrayas- Philosophy of
Gaudapada ( Ajati Vada)
Chapter II
Sankara Vedanta:
Qualifications for the Study of Vedanta (Sadhana Catustaya), Sravana, Manana,
Nididhyasana, Jivan Mukti
Chapter III
Advaita Epistemology :
Six Pramanas, Abhaditatvam, Method of Interpretation of Mahavakyas, Adhyasa (Superimposition), Adhyaropa (False Attribution),Anirvachaniya khyati
Chapter IV
Advaita Metaphysics :
Sattatraya, Svarupalaksana & Tatasthalaksana, Maya, Avidya ,Brahman & Isvara, Jivan and Saksin, Paravidya & Aparavidya
Chapter V
Post Sankara Vedanta:
Outlines of the Philosophy of Ramanuja, Madhva, Vallabha, Nimbarka, Caitanya – Neo-Vedanta in the Kerala context with reference to Chattampi Swamikal and Sree Narayana Guru.
Reference Books:
Philosophy of Gaudapada: TMP Mahadevan
Advaita Vedanta: Venketaramalyer
Advaita Epistemology- P.K. Sunderam
Life and Thought of Sankaracharya- G.C. Pande
Atmopadeshasatakam – Narayana Guru
Advaitachintapadhati – Chattampi Swamikal
Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy – C.D. Sharma
PY 222 Paper VI
MODERN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Chapter I
Introduction: The Spirit of Modern Philosophy: General features, Reform of
science
Francis Bacon: Theory of Idols, Inductive Method
Rationalism and Empiricism: General features.
Chapter II
Rationalism: Rene Descartes: Cogito Ergo Sum, Substances, Attributes, Mind- Body Relationship
Spinoza: Substance, Attributes, Modes, Mind-Body relationship, Pantheism
Wilhelm Leibniz: Doctrine of Monads, Theory of Knowledge, Mind-Body relationship
Chapter III
Empiricism :John Locke: Rejection of Innate Ideas, Origin of Knowledge, Simple and Complex Ideas, Validity of Knowledge, Limits of Knowledge.
George Berkeley: Rejection of Abstract Ideas. Esse Est Percipii . Subjective Idealism. Problem of Solipsism.
David Hume: Origin of Knowledge, Impressions and Ideas, Denial of Material Substance, Soul, Substance, Cause - Effect Relation, Validity of Knowledge, Scepticism.
Chapter IV
Background of Kantian Philosophy, Critique of Pure Reason, Space and time,
categories, Transcendental illusion, The Paralogism of Pure Reason, The
Antinomies of Pure Reason.
Chapter V
Metaphysics of Hegel: Absolute Idealism, Theory of Concrete Universals, The
Dialectical Method.
Reference Books
History of Western Philosophy – Frank Thilly
History of Philosophy- Frederick Copleston J.
History of Western Philosophy - Russell
History of Western Philosophy – W.K. Wright
Introducing Philosophy –Robert Solomon
PY 223 Paper VII
SYMBOLIC LOGIC
Chapter I
Historical account of development of Symbolic Logic, Advantages of Symbolization
Chapter II
Simple and Compound statements, Truth functionally Compound statements, truth
tables for Conjunction, Negation, Disjunction, Conditional and Bi-conditional:
Argument and argument forms: Truth table method for evaluating arguments.
Chapter III
Statement forms, Tautologies, Contradictories and contingents, Paradox of
Material Implication, Logical Equivalence – De Morgan’s Theorems.
Chapter IV
Formal proof of Validity, Rules of Inference, The Rules of Replacement,
Conditional Proof, Indirect Proof, Shorter Truth Table Technique.
Chapter V
Quantification : Singular and General Propositions, Symbolization of Categorical
Propositions, Quantification Rules.
References
Symbolic Logic – I.M. Copi
Introduction to Logic – I.M. Copi and Carl Cohen
PY 224 Paper VIII
APPLIED ETHICS
Chapter I
General Introduction: Nature of Applied Ethics – The Basis of Ethical
Arguments – Ethical Principles – Autonomy – Beneficence – Non-maleficence and
Justice.
Chapter II
Professional Ethics: Legal Ethics – Business Ethics – Medical Ethics – Patient-
Doctor Relationship – Medical Decision – Euthanasia – Physician Assisted Suicide
– Reproductive Technologies – Moral Status of Embryos – Abortion – InVitro
Fertilization – Surrogacy – Cloning – Ethical Issues in Genetics – Genetic Testing
and Screening – Gene Therapy.
Chapter III
Gender Ethics: Feminism as an Ethics of Gender – Equality problem in family and
society.
Chapter IV
Environmental Ethics: Ecological Crisis – Anthropocentricism and Ecocentrism
– Sustainable Development and Environmentalism.
Chapter V
Ethics of Technology: Ethical Issues related to Digital Media – Issues of Cyber
Ethics – The Problem of e-waste.
Reference Books
Practical Ethics – Peter Singer
Beginning of Bio-Ethics – Aron Ridiey
Practical Ethics – HughLafollette
Bio-Medical Ethics – Walter Glannon (ed.)
Contemporary Issues in Bio-Ethics – Tom Beauchamp and Roy Walters
The Ethics of Gender – Susan Frank Parsons
Environmental Ethics – John Parson
Computer Ethics and Professional Responsibility: Terrel Ward Bynum and Simon Rogerson
SEMESTER III
PY 231 Paper IX
MODERN INDIAN THOUGHT
Chapter I
Background of Modern Indian Thought – Indian Renaissance Movement – Salient Features of Modern Indian Thought
Chapter II
Swami Vivekananda : Practical Vedanta- Reality – Concept of World and Soul –
Ways of Realization- Universal Religion : Nature and Ideal of Universal Religion
Sri Aurobindo: Reality – Saccidanada - Involution and Evolution – Nature of Man
- Gnostic Being – Integral Yoga
Chapter III
Rabindranath Tagore: Reality – Nature of Man - Humanism – Religion of Man.
Dr.S. Radhakrishnan: Nature of Ultimate Reality – Concept of Man – Intellect and
Intuition –Concept of Religion
Chapter IV
M.N.Roy: Radical Humanism, Critique of Marxism.
J. Krishnamurthy : Freedom from the Known, Concept of Education.
Chapter V
Mohammed Iqbal: God- Self and Nature- Man and His Destiny.
B.R.Ambedkar: Neo Buddhism – Critique of Casteism.
Reference Books
Contemporary Indian Philosophy – Basant Kumar Lal
Contemporary Indian Philosophy – R.L.Srivastava
Contemporary Indian Philosophy – T.M.P. Mahadevan and C.V.Saroja
Modern Indian Thought – V.S. Naravane
Practical Vedanta – Swami Vivekananda
Integral Yoga – Sri Aurobindo
Religion of Man – Rabindranath Tagore
Reconstruction of Religious Thougt in Islam- Mohammad Iqbal
An Idealist View of Life – S. Radhakrishnan
Religion in the Changing World – S. Radhakrishnan
Freedom from the Known – J. Krishnamurthy
Tradition and Revolution: J. Krishnamurthy
Collected Works of Swami Vivekananda.
PY232 Paper X
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Chapter I
Introduction: Relation between Philosophy and Science – What is Philosophy of
Science – Interdisciplinary Concerns.
Chapter II
Explanations in Science: Definition of Scientific Explanation- Hempel’s
Deductive- Nomological Model of Scientific Explanation – Criticisms –
Explanation and Causality.
Chapter III
Methods in Science: Inductivism: The Baconian Model – Logical Positivist
Method of Science – Hypothetico Deductivism – Verificationism and
Falsificationism – Karl Popper: Science and Non Science - The Demarcation
Criterion, Versimilitude, Scientific Progress.
Chapter IV
Historical and Sociological Perspective on Science: Thomas Kuhn: Pre-Science
and Normal Science, Paradigm Shifts – Scientific Change and Scientific
Revolution.
Chapter V
Progress of Science – Paul Feyerband: View of Scientific theories – Liberalism of
Scientific Methods – Epistemological Anarchy.
Reference Books
Philosophy of Science –Alex Rosenberg
Philosophy of Science: A Very Short Introduction – Samir Okasha
The Logic of Scientific Discovery – Karl Popper
Conjunctures and Refutations – Karl Popper
Essays in the Philosophy of Science – C.S. Pierce
What is the thing Called Science: A.F. Chalmers
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions – T. Kuhn
Philosophy of Science – P.H.Nidditeh
PY 233 Paper XI
PHENOMENOLOGY AND EXISTENTIALISM
Chapter I
Phenomenology: Background of Phenomenology – Husserl: Basic Features of his
Philosophy _ Phenomenological Reduction, Eidetic Reduction – Transcendental
Reduction -Intentionality
Chapter II
Existentialism : Background of Existentialism – Basic Tenets of Existentialism
Chapter III
Soren Kierkegaard: Name and Meaning of Existence - Existence is indubitable and
prior to thinking - Truth is inward and subjective – Existential situation –
Existential self-realization.
Chapter IV
Karl Jaspers: Personal Experience and Transcendence
Gabriel Marcel: Problem and Mystery
Chapter V
Jean Paul Sartre: Modes of Being( ensoi, pour-soi) Concept of Freedom
Martin Heidegger: Concept of Dasein
Reference Books
A Critical Survey of Existentialism and Phenomenology - M.K. Bhadra
Six Existentialist Thinkers - H.J. Blackham
Ideas- E. Husserl
Phenomenology and Deconstruction – Dr. Sundarajan
Existentialism – John Macquarie
Martin Heidegger - John Macquarie
An Introduction to Existentialism – Robert Olsen
Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy – William Barrett
PY 234 Paper XII
ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY Chapter I
Historical Background : G.E. Moore: Refutation of Idealism – Fregean Concept of
Sense and Reference – Bertrand Russell: Theory of Descriptions – Logical
Atomism.
Chapter II
Rise of Logical Positivism: Vienna Circle – Elimination of Metaphysics –
Verification Theory of Meaning – Strong and Weak Sense of Verifiability –
Criticisms.
Chapter III
Origin of Linguistic Philosophy: Ludwig Wittgenstein: Tractatus Logico
Philosophicus and the Ideal Language Approach – Picture Theory of Meaning –
Philosophical Investigations and the Ordinary Language Approach – The Use
Theory of Meaning – Language Games – Function of Philosophy.
Chapter IV
Gilbert Ryle: Category Mistake and Mental Concepts.
J.L. Austin : Speech Act Theory
Chapter V
W.V.O. Quine: Rejection of two Dogmas of Empiricism – Rejection of the Dogma
of Analytic-Synthetic Distinction – Rejection of Verifiability Theory.
Noam Chomsky: Theory of Innatism in Language – Concept of Universal
Grammar-
Donald Davidson : Theory of Meaning
Reference Books
Analytic Philosophy – Barry R. Gross
Logical Positivism – A.J.Ayer
Tractatus Logico Philosophicus - Ludwig Wittgenstein
The Concept of Mind – Gilbert Ryle
Word and Objects – Quine
Chomsky: Ideas and Ideals – Smith Nerl
Recent Developments in Analytic Philosophy – R.C. Pradhan
Introduction to Philosophy of Language – Bernard Harrison
Analytic Philosophy – Avrum Stroll
SEMESTER – IV
PY 241 Paper XIII
GANDHIAN PHILOSOPHY
Chapter I
Foundations of Gandhian Philosophy – Truth and God – Truth and Ahimsa –
Means and Ends – Sarvodaya: Meaning and Feature – Satyagraha: Features.
Chapter II
Economic Concepts of Gandhi – Bread Labour – Trusteeship – Swadesi – Self
Sufficiency and Self Reliance – Decentralization.
Chapter III
Political Philosophy of Gandhi – Spiritualization of Politics – Views on
Democracy, State, Political Structure, Nationalism, Internationalism – Concepts of
Gram Swaraj and Panchayat Raj.
Chapter IV
Educational Philosophy of Gandhi – Evolution of Gandhian Educational
Philosophy – Concept of Basic Education – Women Education
Chapter V
Social Philosophy of Gandhi – Views on Social Evils, Untouchability, Alcoholism,
Concept of Seven Deadly Sins - Natural Living (Prakruthi Jeevanam) - Gandhian
view of environmental conservation.
Reference Books:
The Story of My Experiments with Truth - M.K.Gandhi
Gandhi: His Life and Thought – Kripalani J.B.
The Philosophy of Gandhi – D.M.Datta
Mahatma Gandhi’s Ideas – Andrews C.F.
Metaphysical Foundations of M.K. Gandhi’s Thought - Surendra Varma
Selections from Gandhi – Bose N.K.
Political Philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi – G.N.Dhawan
Gandhian Ethics – Binoy Gopal Ray.
PY 242 Paper XIV
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Chapter I
Structuralism:Ferdinand de Saussure: Language as a Structural System – Language as a Science of Signs – Signifier and Signified – Nature of Signs – Langue and Parole – Synchronic and Diachronic Linguistics.
Chapter II
Post Structuralism: Derrida: The Method of Deconstruction – Critique of Logocentricism – Metaphysics of Presence – Critique of Phonocentricism –Difference – Philosophy- Literature Distinction.
Chapter III
Modernism: The Projects of Modernity and its post-modern critique.
Chapter IV
Post Modernism
Lyotard: Critique of Metanarrative Tradition – Knowledge in Computerized
Societies –Legitimating Knowledge and Power.
Chapter V
Richard Rorty: Anti-Representationalism – Its Effects on Epistemology and
Philosophy – Neo-Pragmatism.Habermas: Theory of Communicative Action.
Reference Books
Semiotics and Structuralism – Terence Hawkes
A Course in General Linguistics – Saussure
Saussure – Jonathan Culler
Writing and Difference – Derrida
The Post Modern Condition: A Report on Knowledge – Lyotard
Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature – Rorty
Essays on Heidegger and Others – Rorty
Legitimation Crisis - Habermas
PY243 Paper XV
PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
Chapter I
Introduction: What is Philosophy of Mind
Chapter II
Historical Evolution of the Mind-Body Problem (Causal interaction – Double aspect Theory – Pre-established Harmony –Occassionalism – Epiphenomenalism – Emergentism).
Chapter III
Theories of Mind I:
Behaviourism: Methodological, Philosophical, Logical and Ontological Behaviourism.
Identity Theory: Token and Type Identity Theory.
Chapter IV
Theories of Mind II:
Functionalism: Multiple Realizability Argument – Computational Theory of Mind – Eliminative Materialism –Artificial Intelligence – Turing Test – Chinese Room Argument - Neural Correlates of Consciousness – Higher Order Theories of Consciousness.
Chapter V
Problems of Mind:
Consciousness – Explanatory Gap – Qualia – Intentionality – Zombies.
Reference Books
Philosophy of Mind – Jaegwon Kim (Relevant Chapters only)
An Introduction to Philosophy of Mind – E.J. Lowe (Relevant Chapters only)
The Concept of Mind in Indian Philosophy – Sarawathy Chennakesavan
CIT Consciousness: Bina Gupta.
Philosophy of Mind: A Short Introduction – Edward Fraser
Philosophy of Mind – Ian Ravenscroft
Philosophy of Mind: A Contemporary Introduction – John Heil
Nature of Consciousness in Hindu Philosophy –S.K. Saxena
The Place of Mind – Brian Cooney
PY 244 XVI
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
Chapter I
Introduction: Definition, Nature and Scope of Philosophy of Religion -
Philosophy of Religion and Theology, Types of Religion – Theism, Pantheism,
Deism, Monotheism, Atheism – Religion without God.
Chapter II
Religious Language: Problem of Religious Language – Cognitive and Non-
Cognitive Theories – Religious Knowledge and Experience – Foundations of
Religious Belief – Reason, Revelation and Faith – Mystic Experience.
Chapter III
God: Attributes of God – Proofs for the Existence of God (Ontological,
Cosmological, Teleological, Moral and argument from Experience) – Critical
Comments- Problem of Evil- Theories of evil – Type of Evil –
Pessimism/Optimism.
Chapter IV
Concept of Value – Intrinsic and extrinsic(instrumental) Values _ Dharma
(Sadharana Dharma, Varnasrama Dharma).
Chapter V
Religion in the Modern World – Religious Conflicts – Secularism – The need for
a Comparative study of Religions – Role of Religion in a Pluralistic Society.
Reference Books
Philosophy of Religion – John Hick
The Philosophy of Religion – Thomas McPerson
Philosophy of Religion – A.R. Mohapatra
Introduction to Religious Philosophy – Y. Masi
The Philosophy of Religion – D.M.Edwards
Philosophy of Hindu Sadhana – N.K. Brahma
Eastern Religions and Western Thought - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Religion in a Changing World - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Creative Life - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
The Bhagavat Gita - Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (Chapters 12 and 13)
Indian Atheism – D.P. Chattopadhyaya
Eternal Values for a Changing Society – Swami Ranganathananda
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