ck2017: wastewater: the best hidden energy source in cities

WASTEWATER: THE BEST HIDDEN ENERGY SOURCE IN CITIES

A SLUDGE-TO-ENERGY CASE IN CHINA

Integrated Urban Water Management at #CK2017, IHC New Delhi, India, 6 Apr 2017DR. LIJIN ZHONG, CHINA WATER LEAD/SENIOR ASSOCIATEXIAOTIAN FU, ASSOCIATE, CHINA WATER

INTEGRATED

INNOVATED

INTERCONNECTED

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN CITIES: Integrated, Innovated, Interconnected

34% 52% 82% 92%

2000 2005 2010 2015

• Boom in wastewater production, wastewater treatment and sludge production

Wastewater generation in cities

Sludge productionTreated

wastewater in cities

Percentage of treated

wastewater Note: wastewater generation and treated wastewater was measured by million cubic meter; sludge production was measured by 10,000 ton (with 80% water content)Source: WRI estimate; China Wastewater Statistic Database, MOHURD

WASTEWATER CHALLENGE IN CHINA: Boom in Wastewater/Sludge Production

SLUDGE CRISES: Illegal Dumping of Sludge Gets Noticed

• Sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants has long been ignored in China. Big cities in China such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hefei and etc. have all undergone pollution and crises caused by sludge being dumped at discretion

• Boom in production: 190 million tons municipal solid waste (MSW) and 40 million tons sludge produced in Chinese cities in 2015

• Inappropriate treatment: 70% MSW and sludge is still disposed at landfills or dumped directly in China

Waste or Resource?Incineration

Composting

Landfill

Thermal Hydrolysis

+Anaerobic Digestion

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

CNG Electricity

Biochar Planting trees

WASTE OR RESOURCES: A Choice

WASTEWATER-TO-ENERGY: A Case in China

• Capacity: 300tons/day (sludge and kitchen waste co-digestion)

• Method: thermal hydrolysis + anaerobic digestion

• Product: CNG (6000m3/day), biochar (55-60 tons/day) for seedling cultivation

• Operation mode: BOO with 23 years of concession period

WASTEWATER-TO-ENERGY IN XIANGYANG: Reducing GHG emissions

Incineration

237

Landfill (Baseline)

813

THP+AD in Xiangyang

13

-95%

-98%

GHG Emissions in 21 years of operationUnit: 1,000 ton CO2e

China intends to dispose 90% of WWTP sludge in cities in the 13th Five-Year-Plan, and also selected

100 pilots of kitchen waste-to-energy projects

By 2020, an estimate of 200 million metric ton CO2e emission can be avoided (2% of the total

methane emission in the year of 2010) if the waste-to-energy approach adopted

WASTEWATER-TO-ENERGY IN XIANGYANG: Adding Green Renewable Energy

0

Landfill(BAU)

0

THP+ADIn Xiangyang

91

Incineration

CH4 Captured in 21 year (million M3)

车用 CNG45 mil-lion m3

替代车用汽油排放

140,000 ton

CO2e

CNG销售收入

202 mil-lion

RMB

Revenue from CNG

Avoided GHG emission via

gasoline substitution

CNG as vehicle fuel

WASTEWATER-TO-ENERGY: Innovated and Integrated Consideration

Water cycle

Carbon cycle

Biochar

TreesEcological management

of landfill site

Energy cycle

CNG station

CNG buses

CNG

N/P

WASTEWATER-TO-ENERGY: Interconnected between SDGs

Technology

Construction

Utilization of resources

recovered from waste/sludge

MoHURD

NDRC

Supervision

Methane reduction from waste/sludge

treatment

MEP

MOA

Department of Urban Construction

Department of Urban Construction

Department of Urban Construction

WASTEWATER-TO-ENERGY: Interconnected between Governmental Agencies

•PPP•Price reform

• New policy development• Subsidy and incentives

• R&D• Energy

efficiency• Energy

production

• Share best/bad practices• Mind-set for market-oriented

design

Lack of technologies and information

Lack of financial mechanism

Lack of policies and regulations

WASTEWATER-TO-ENERGY: Challenges Learnt from the Pilot

Lack of understanding

COMING SOON

Supporters

Dr.Lijin ZhongChina Water Lead/Senior Associate, Water Program

China Office, World Resources Institute(86)10-6416 5697-55; lijin.zhong@wri.org

www.wri.org; www.wri.org.cn

Contact

Xiaotian FuAssociate, China Water

China Office, World Resources Institute(86)10-6416 5697-59; xfu@wri.org

www.wri.org; www.wri.org.cn