citizen airmen the total force reserve categories structure and organization accessibilityoverview
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• The Total Force• Reserve Categories• Structure and Organization• Accessibility
Overview
History
• 1653, Oliver Cromwell overthrows British Parliament
• Legitimate need for national defense– Who should rise up if we have no standing army?
• The militia created 1780s– Grew into the National Guard and the Reserve
Forces
Policy
• Evolved as official policy in 1970s– Aug 1970—The Total Force Concept was
announced by Secretary of Defense Laird – Aug 1973—SECDEF James Schlesinger elevated
the Total Force Concept to the Total Force Policy
• Objective: Integrate Active and Reserve forces in the most cost-effective manner possible maintain as small an active peacetime force as commitments permit.
Force Modernization
• Improved the equipment to state of the art during the 1980s– “First to deploy, first to be equipped.”
- DOD Directive 1225.6
Cost Effectiveness
• Provides over 35% of Total Force• Provides over 55% of the total US AF
flying/combat capability• Only consumes 12 % of AF budget
Cost Efficiency
• Other cost-saving benefits (for the Air Force)– No paid leave – No family healthcare– Smaller retirement fund contributions
Reserve Categories
• Ready Reserve – Made up of 3 sub-groups– Selected Reserve– Individual Ready Reserve– Inactive National Guard
• Standby Reserve• Retired Reserve
* Selected Reserve part of Ready Reserve
Selected Reserve
• Units and individuals designated as essential to wartime missions and prepared for active duty with 72hr notice– Have priority for training, equipment, and
personnel
• Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs)– Air Force Reserve category only– Not attached to an organized Reserve unit– Assigned to active duty components
Individual Ready Reserve
* Individual Ready Reserve is part of Ready Reserve
• Pool of pre-trained individuals who:– Served in Active units or Selected Reserve – Have military service obligation (MSO) remaining
• About 45,000 Guard and Reserve personnel
• Eligible for involuntary service
• Do not train• Are not attached to active units
Inactive National Guard
Standby Reserve
• Reservist who maintain their military affiliation in one of two statuses and have key federal or state jobs that are crucial to national security
(also defense industry)• Active status: Voluntarily participate in training for
retirement but receive no pay. Eligible for promotion.• Inactive status: Not authorized to participate in for
retirement points and cannot be promoted. Often hardship or health issues but maintain military status because of skills the military may need in the future.
• They are subject recall only under full mobilization.
Retired Reserve
• Personnel who receive retired pay (AD/Reserve) or are placed in retirement status but have not yet reached age 60
• All may be recalled to active duty by the appropriate service Secretary
Air National Guard
• Dual Mission– State
• Protect Life and Property• Peace and Order• Civil Defense
– Federal• Support USAF Missions• Train for Wartime
Air National GuardDual Chain
State Air Guard Units
State Adjutants General
Federalized
StateGovernor
Non-FederalizedState Control
SEC DefenseSEC Defense
President
Director, ANG
Director, ANG
Director, ARNG
Director, ARNG
Chief of StaffChief of Staff
SEC Air Force
Chief of StaffChief of Staff
Chief, NGBChief, NGB
SEC Army
Duty Status Comparison
State Active Duty Title 32 USC Title 10 USCCommand & Control Governor Governor PresidentWhere IAW State Law CONUS WorldwidePay State Federal FederalMission Types IAW State Law
(Riot Control, Emergency Response, etc.)
Training and other federally authorized purposes
Overseas training and as assigned after mobilization
DisciplineState Military Code
State Military Code UCMJ
Support Law Enforcement Yes Yes No
National Guard Personnel
• Drill Status (Traditional) Guardsmen– 67% of force– Typically enlist for 6 years– Minimum of one unit training assembly (UTA) a
month and 15 days annual training– Average 4 months additional time beyond annual
commitment ( post 9/11…21 days prior to 9/11)
National Guard Personnel
• Full time Guardsmen – 33% of total Guard force– Air Technicians
• Full-time Civil Service employees
– Active Guard/Reserve (AGR) personnel• Same areas as Technicians, but full benefits
– Active Duty Component personnel• AF personnel assigned to Guard units (advisors)
– Active Duty for Training• Traditional Guardsmen temporarily on AD for training
CommanderAir Force Reserve Command
Chief of Staff, Air Force
Secretary of the Air Force
Air Reserve Personnel CenterDenver. CO
4th Air ForceMarch AFB, CA
10th Air Force NAS JRB Ft Worth, TX
22d Air ForceDobbins ARB, GA
Air Force Reserves
Total Force
• Provides over 55% of total US AF Combat Capability
• Only consumes 12 % of AF budget• Missions have increased to a steady state of 46
million mandays since 9-11
Accessibility
• Full mobilization• Partial mobilization• Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up• Volunteers
Full Mobilization
• Gives access to the full Ready Reserve• Requires a declaration of war by Congress or
designation of national emergency• Duration of Conflict plus 6 months
Partial Mobilization
• 1,000,000 members of the Ready Reserve– Up to 24 months
• President must declare a national emergency
Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up
• Up to 200,000 personnel– Up to 270 days
• President must notify Congress
Volunteers
• Provide the majority of personnel in times of war and peace
George Washington Thomas JeffersonJames MadisonJames Monroe
William H. HarrisonJohn TylerJames Knox PolkFranklin Pierce
Andrew Jackson
Abraham LincolnJames Buchanan
Ulysses Simpson GrantRutherford Birchard Hayes
Chester Alan Arthur
James Abram Garfield
Benjamin HarrisonWilliam McKinleyTheodore RooseveltHarry S. TrumanGeorge W. Bush
20Presidents
Increasing Tempo (number of deployments)
077
For AFR/ANG
1953-1990
(38 Years)
10/10
1991-2011
(20 Years)
120/81
A Balanced Lifestyle: Typical Civilian
• Vacation• Sick Leave• Weekends• Holidays
058
Work = 221 DaysPlay = 144 Days
144 221
Work = 221 DaysSupport = 60 Days
059
Reservists Support Commitments
Play = 84 Days
84
281
Work = 221 Days
Play = 21 Days
21
Aircrew = 123 Days
344
060
Aircrew Commitments
Points to Remember
• Reserve Categories– Ready Reserves– Standby– Retired
• Chain of Command– ANG vs. AFRC
• Accessibility– Full/Partial Mobilization– Presidential Selected Reserve Call-up– Volunteers
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