Citizen Airmen The Total Force

• The Total Force• Reserve Categories• Structure and Organization• Accessibility

Overview

History

• 1653, Oliver Cromwell overthrows British Parliament

• Legitimate need for national defense– Who should rise up if we have no standing army?

• The militia created 1780s– Grew into the National Guard and the Reserve

Forces

Policy

• Evolved as official policy in 1970s– Aug 1970—The Total Force Concept was

announced by Secretary of Defense Laird – Aug 1973—SECDEF James Schlesinger elevated

the Total Force Concept to the Total Force Policy

• Objective: Integrate Active and Reserve forces in the most cost-effective manner possible maintain as small an active peacetime force as commitments permit.

Force Modernization

• Improved the equipment to state of the art during the 1980s– “First to deploy, first to be equipped.”

- DOD Directive 1225.6

Cost Effectiveness

• Provides over 35% of Total Force• Provides over 55% of the total US AF

flying/combat capability• Only consumes 12 % of AF budget

Cost Efficiency

• Other cost-saving benefits (for the Air Force)– No paid leave – No family healthcare– Smaller retirement fund contributions

Reserve Categories

• Ready Reserve – Made up of 3 sub-groups– Selected Reserve– Individual Ready Reserve– Inactive National Guard

• Standby Reserve• Retired Reserve

* Selected Reserve part of Ready Reserve

Selected Reserve

• Units and individuals designated as essential to wartime missions and prepared for active duty with 72hr notice– Have priority for training, equipment, and

personnel

• Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs)– Air Force Reserve category only– Not attached to an organized Reserve unit– Assigned to active duty components

Individual Ready Reserve

* Individual Ready Reserve is part of Ready Reserve

• Pool of pre-trained individuals who:– Served in Active units or Selected Reserve – Have military service obligation (MSO) remaining

• About 45,000 Guard and Reserve personnel

• Eligible for involuntary service

• Do not train• Are not attached to active units

Inactive National Guard

Standby Reserve

• Reservist who maintain their military affiliation in one of two statuses and have key federal or state jobs that are crucial to national security

(also defense industry)• Active status: Voluntarily participate in training for

retirement but receive no pay. Eligible for promotion.• Inactive status: Not authorized to participate in for

retirement points and cannot be promoted. Often hardship or health issues but maintain military status because of skills the military may need in the future.

• They are subject recall only under full mobilization.

Retired Reserve

• Personnel who receive retired pay (AD/Reserve) or are placed in retirement status but have not yet reached age 60

• All may be recalled to active duty by the appropriate service Secretary

Air National Guard

• Dual Mission– State

• Protect Life and Property• Peace and Order• Civil Defense

– Federal• Support USAF Missions• Train for Wartime

                                      

Citizen Airmen The Total Force

Air National GuardDual Chain

State Air Guard Units

State Adjutants General

Federalized

StateGovernor

Non-FederalizedState Control

SEC DefenseSEC Defense

President

Director, ANG

Director, ANG

Director, ARNG

Director, ARNG

Chief of StaffChief of Staff

SEC Air Force

Chief of StaffChief of Staff

Chief, NGBChief, NGB

SEC Army

Duty Status Comparison

 

State Active Duty Title 32 USC Title 10 USCCommand & Control Governor Governor PresidentWhere IAW State Law CONUS WorldwidePay State Federal FederalMission Types IAW State Law

(Riot Control, Emergency Response, etc.)

Training and other federally authorized purposes

Overseas training and as assigned after mobilization

DisciplineState Military Code

State Military Code UCMJ

Support Law Enforcement Yes Yes No

National Guard Personnel

• Drill Status (Traditional) Guardsmen– 67% of force– Typically enlist for 6 years– Minimum of one unit training assembly (UTA) a

month and 15 days annual training– Average 4 months additional time beyond annual

commitment ( post 9/11…21 days prior to 9/11)

National Guard Personnel

• Full time Guardsmen – 33% of total Guard force– Air Technicians

• Full-time Civil Service employees

– Active Guard/Reserve (AGR) personnel• Same areas as Technicians, but full benefits

– Active Duty Component personnel• AF personnel assigned to Guard units (advisors)

– Active Duty for Training• Traditional Guardsmen temporarily on AD for training

CommanderAir Force Reserve Command

Chief of Staff, Air Force

Secretary of the Air Force

Air Reserve Personnel CenterDenver. CO

4th Air ForceMarch AFB, CA

10th Air Force NAS JRB Ft Worth, TX

22d Air ForceDobbins ARB, GA

Air Force Reserves

Total Force

• Provides over 55% of total US AF Combat Capability

• Only consumes 12 % of AF budget• Missions have increased to a steady state of 46

million mandays since 9-11

Accessibility

• Full mobilization• Partial mobilization• Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up• Volunteers

Full Mobilization

• Gives access to the full Ready Reserve• Requires a declaration of war by Congress or

designation of national emergency• Duration of Conflict plus 6 months

Partial Mobilization

• 1,000,000 members of the Ready Reserve– Up to 24 months

• President must declare a national emergency

Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up

• Up to 200,000 personnel– Up to 270 days

• President must notify Congress

Volunteers

• Provide the majority of personnel in times of war and peace

George Washington Thomas JeffersonJames MadisonJames Monroe

William H. HarrisonJohn TylerJames Knox PolkFranklin Pierce

Andrew Jackson

Abraham LincolnJames Buchanan

Ulysses Simpson GrantRutherford Birchard Hayes

Chester Alan Arthur

James Abram Garfield

Benjamin HarrisonWilliam McKinleyTheodore RooseveltHarry S. TrumanGeorge W. Bush

20Presidents

Increasing Tempo (number of deployments)

077

For AFR/ANG

1953-1990

(38 Years)

10/10

1991-2011

(20 Years)

120/81

A Balanced Lifestyle: Typical Civilian

• Vacation• Sick Leave• Weekends• Holidays

058

Work = 221 DaysPlay = 144 Days

144 221

Work = 221 DaysSupport = 60 Days

059

Reservists Support Commitments

Play = 84 Days

84

281

Work = 221 Days

Play = 21 Days

21

Aircrew = 123 Days

344

060

Aircrew Commitments

Points to Remember

• Reserve Categories– Ready Reserves– Standby– Retired

• Chain of Command– ANG vs. AFRC

• Accessibility– Full/Partial Mobilization– Presidential Selected Reserve Call-up– Volunteers