circulações locais
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Circulaes Locais
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What is the effect ofchanges in the surface
forcing on rainfall?
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http://www.master.iag.usp.br/
ensino
ciculaes locais
CirculacoesLocais.pdf
http://www.master.iag.usp.br/http://www.master.iag.usp.br/ -
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Evoluo diurna, camada de mistura ecirculaes locais
QH QLEQR
QA
Balano de energia em superfcie
QR+ QH + QLE +QG+ QA = 0
Razo deBowen
LE
H
Q
Q
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Stull, 1988, An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology
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QH
QLEQH
QLE
c1 c2
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FRIO QUENTE
z
x
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Mixed layer evolution
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
5 10 15 20
Local time
Height
(m) pasture dry
pasture wetforest dry
forest wet
Fisch et al 2001
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Circulaes entre reas desmatadas e floresta
Silva Dias, M. A. F. e P. Regnier, 1996: Simulation of MesoscaleCirculations in a Deforested Area of Rondonia in the Dry Season. In:Amazonian Deforestation and Climate. J. Gash, C. Nobre, J. Roberts, R.Victoria, Eds., John Wiley & Sons, pp. 531-547
Silva Dias, M. Longo, D. R. Fitzjarrald, A. S. Denning. River breezecirculation in Eastern Amazon: observations and modeling results.Theoretical and Applied Climatology, DOI 10.1007/s00704-004-0047-6, , v. 78, n. 1-3, p. 111-121,2004.Fisch, G. F., Tota, J. Machado, L. A T. Silva Dias, M. A. F.;Lyra, R. F. F.
Nobre, C. , Dolman, A J., Gash, J. H. C. . The convective boundary layerover pasture and forest in Amazonia. . Theoretical and AppliedClimatology, DOI 10.1007/s00704-004-0043-x , v. 78, n. 1-3, p. 47-59,2004.
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CIRSAN/LBACirculaes em Santarm
http://www.lba.iag.usp.br
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29,0
29,5
30,0
30,5
31,0
31,5
32,0
08:00 11:00 14:00 17:00
Local time (hours)
Watertemperature(deg.C)
0.1m
0.3 m
0.7 m
1.0 m
c
23 July 2001 Tapajs
(from Pindobal to Boimand back)
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
Local time (hours)
Watertemperature(deg.C)
0.1m
0.3 m
0.7 m
1.0 m
28 July 2001 Tapajs & Amazonas(red line: temperature where the two riversmerge)
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RUN 2 23 M ABOVE THE SURFACE
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Vertical cross sections
Grid 2
Tapajs and Amazonas with different
temperatures
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RUN 2 23 M ABOVE THE SURFACE
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RUN 2 23 M ABOVE THE SURFACE
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RUN 2 23 M ABOVE THE SURFACE
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RUN 2 23 M ABOVE THE SURFACE
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Vertical cross sections
Grid 2
Tapajs and Amazonas with different
temperatures
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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u and w streamlines perpendicular to the Tapajs river
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Potencial temperature
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Potencial temperature
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Potencial temperature
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Potencial temperature
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Potencial temperature
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Potencial temperature
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Qual o efeito do desmatamento na formaode nuvens e de chuva?
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TRMM-LBA Region: Forest vs. Non-Forest
SPOL
Profiler
TOGAFOREST
NON-FOREST
Carey et al 2001
RONDNIA
Rondnia topography
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TRMM-LBA Region: Topography
Elevated>= 223 m
Non-Elevated< 223 m
Carey et al 2001
Rondnia - topography
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6:20 7:20 8:20 9:20 10:20 11:20 12:20
Local Time
Time of first radar echoes
S-Pol Jan/Feb 1999
easterlies
westerlies
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0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
Frequenc
y
(%)
Forest -
Below
Aver age
Forest -
Above
Aver age
Pasture -
Below
Aver age
Pasture -
Above
Aver age
Vegetation Altitude at Location of Convection
Initiation
Wet Season - All Cases
TOG
SPO
Pereira et al 2000
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Carey et al 2001
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Category February 1999 MeanRain Depth (mm)
Forested 198.5Non-Forested 183.1
Relative Difference
(F-NF)/[(F+NF)/2]
8 %
TRMM-LBA: SPOL Derived Rain Depth (mm)
February 1999
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
525
45
65
85
105
125
145
165
185
205
225
245
265
285
305
325
345
365
385
more
Rain Depth Bin (mm)
Fractionof
GridCells(%)
Forested
Non-Forested
Effects of Deforestation on Cumulative Rain Depth
Carey et al 2001
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TRMM-LBA: S-POL Derived Rain Depth (mm)
February 1999
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5 25 45 65 85 105
125
145
165
185
205
225
245
265
285
305
325
345
365
385
more
Rain Depth Bin (mm)
FractionofGridCells(%)
Elevated
Non-Elevated
Effects of Elevation on Rain Depth
Carey et al 2001
Estao Chuvosa 1999 Radar Total de Chuva Mensal
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100
120
140
160
180
200
220
ALL
NE E
NF F
NF
NE
NF
E
F
NE
F
E
Surface category
M
ontlyPrecipitation(mm)
F - Floresta; NF No FlorestaE - Elevado; NE- No Elevado
Horizontal resolution: 4 km
l k l b
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RAMS simulation, 2 km resolution, 7 Feb 1999
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7 February 1999
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C t l i t f d f t ti
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0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,1
1,2
0 20 40 60 80 100Deforestation (%)
Relative
Precipitation
.Avissar et al 2002
Conceptual impact of deforestation on
relative precipitation
Durieux, Machado & Laurent, 2003: The effect of
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deforestation on cloud cover...Deforest (D)
Florest (R)
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Estao secaMais nuvenscumulus sobre
regiesdesmatadas tarde e menosnuvens
cumulonimbus noite.
Cobertura de Nuvens Baixas
Cobertura de Nuvens Altas
Ch Mais Nuvens
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Estao Chuvosa Mais NuvensCumulonimbus
sobre regies que
incluemdesmatamentoHigh Cloud Cover
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Estao seca - dia
Solo quente e seco
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Estao chuvosa
"More precipitation over deforested areas in the wet season,l i th d i d lit
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less in the dry season: increased seasonality -may be a northward shift of the equatorial-tropical transition
zone" - Durieux et al
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Avano doregime de
chuvas docerrado
Negri et al, 2004 The Impact of Amazonian Deforestation on Dry Season
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Negri et al, 2004 The Impact of Amazonian Deforestation on Dry SeasonRainfall
Analysis of 14 yearsof monthly estimatesfrom the SpecialSensor MicrowaveImager revealed thatonly in August did the
pattern of rainfallshow increasesover the deforestedregion.
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Travelling Mesoscale Convective Systems are a main source ofprecipitation in the Amazon Basin: initial development is a function of
surface but MCS forgets its origin during the lifetime
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