christian coututrier
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Overview of centralized biogasplants projects in France
Will the new economic incentives overcome the nontechnical barriers ?
Christian CouturierSOLAGRO
75 Voie du TOEC
31075 Toulouse Cedex 3Christian.couturier@solagro.asso.frTl. 05 67 69 69 69www.solagro.org
www.lebiogaz.info
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Biomethane production & use
Biomethaneproduction
114 PJ Landfill gas37 PJ
Entericfermentations
50 PJ
Slurrystorage
24 PJ
Biogas plants
3,4 PJ
Flared biogas
15 PJ
Atmosphere
94 PJ
Used biogas
8,8 PJ
Power plants5,7 PJ
Boilers, driers& furnaces
3,1
Power
1,7 PJ
(460 GWh)
Heat used
2,4 PJ
Losses
4,7 PJ
Self-consumption 0,7 PJ
5,4
17
Sources : CITEPA,SOLAGROLast energy data
updating : 2005
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Trends
Biogas production : +10% / year during thelast decade
Power production from biogas : +18% / year
Landfill gas schemes : +23 MW in 2006(+33% of capacity)
MSW methanization plants :I 3 plants under operation (150.000 t)
I 12 new plants under construction or planned (>
1.000.000 t)
Agriculture sectorI Farm scale plants : 3-4
I CAD : 0
In operation
In construction
Planned
CalaisLille
Forbach
Metz
Saint-L
Angers
Clermont-Ferrand
MontpellierMarseille
RoanneBourg-en-Bresse
Amiens
Varennes-Jarcy
Blanc-Mesnil
Romainville
La Martinique
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New economic incentives
Energy efficiency bonus
0
5
10
15
20
2530
35
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Global efficiency
Bonus,
/MW
h
Global efficiency = ( Power + Heat* ) / 97% x Fuel* Including digester heating
Price for electricity from biogas
Feed-in tariff, revised in july 2006
70
75
80
85
90
95100
105
110
115
0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000
Power, kW
Biogas plants
Landfill gas
Biogas plant,< 150 kW el,
efficiency > 75 % :
140 /MWh
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CAD projects in France
FERTI-NRJGEOTEXIA
TIPER
PROBIOGAS
JARNY
LES
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CAD projects in France
~5
~5
~7
5,5
16
Investment(M)
95 %
75 %
75 %
0 %
50 %
Manure(%)
Districtheating
Foodindustry
Foodindustry,
steam andwater
Foodindustry
Self-use
Heat use
Farmerscooperative created20Studies2005JARNY
[Lorraine]
Case-study for the PROBIOGASprogramme
10 km biogas canalization
44Studies2005PROBIOGAS
[Midi-Pyrnes]
Local association undercreation (farmers &municipalities)
52Studies2005TIPER
[PoitouCharentes]
Private project, includes 89farmers for digestate use
38Permitting2001FERTI-NRJ
[Picardie]
Production of a solid fertilizer ;nitrate vulnerable zone
Partnership farmersorganization / private company
60Permitting2000GEOTEXIA[Brittany]
CommentsSize(Tg)
StatusProjectstart-up
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Non technical barriers
n1 : Heat use
Renewable heat issuesI Heat = 50% of final energy consumption
I Hot water = efficient heat carrier from producer to consumers
I Distribution => canalizationsI District heating in France : 3% of the housing ; mainly big cities
I Heat for industry ; but need for steam (only 17% of the fuel energy can beconvert to steam with a gas motor ; and a gas turbine produces less electricity)
SolutionI Development of district heating : European Directive for renewable heat ; long-
term financing ;
I Looking for heat consumption (housing, services, industry)
I Construction of canalizations for hot water or for biogas, according to the
distance between the biogas plants and the heat consumers
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Capdenac Gare : food
industry, steam consumers
Mean distance fromfarms to CAD plant :
11 km (real)
10 km
8 km
River Aveyron valley
RiverLotvalley
Tab le of Montbazens
break
Decazeville : district heating,formerly coal, now wood
Non technical barriers
n2 : Specific biogas canalization
PROBIOGAZCAD project
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Non technical barriers
n2 : Specific biogas canalization
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
Heat used, GWh/year
50.00
0tons
1 Gwh valuable heat = 10.000 tons of biomass
I Investment : 100 k / km
I Annual cost : 15 k / km
I Heat value : 20-25 / MWh(gas price) + 15-25 /MWh(efficiency bonus) = 35 - 50/MWh
I Profitability limit : 300 - 500MWh/y per km
Barrier :I Existing regulation
Solution :I Working group : security,
construction, guideline
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Heatconsumers
Steam and water
Gas
Water
Norea[Maulon]
Gastronome[Neuil]
Heuliez[Cerizay]
Gastronome[Moncoutant]
Loel&Piriot ;France Champignon ;SOVILEG [Thouars]
Riblaire[St Varent]Calcia
[Airvault]
BTS Industrie[Chatillon sur Thouet]
BRM Mobilier,Wagon Automotive,
Ville[Bressuire]
Couvoir Boy[Allonne]
Ville[Parthenay]
TIPER CADProject
Non technical barriers
n2 : Specific biogas canalization
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Non technical barriers
n3 : Gas injection to the grid
BarriersI Legal status : biogas injection is lawful
but not permitted ; specifications from
authorities and gas operators are waitedI Health issues were cited about the
Montech project (landfill gas upgradind):halogenated compound, heavy metals
Solution :I Expert group of AFSSET (french agency
for health and environment at work) sinceFeb. 2007
Advantages for biogas injectionI High energy efficiency : not heat losses, few power consumption
I Low risk to loose the customer
I Production with the stream , no influence of season / night / week-endI Need for a renewable green gas in substitution to fossil gas
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Non technical barriers
n4 : administrative barriers
The legislation is unaware of biogas
I No legal norm for the solid digestate, unlike aerobic compost :
problem for the commercialization and sale
I => AFNOR (french agency for normalization) work group dedicated to digestate from biogas plants, created in 2006
I Regulation concerning hazard for biogas plants is not clear
I Regulation concerning specific biogas canalization is not clear
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Non technical barriers
n5 : the involvement of farmers
Involvement of farmers in a CAD project : several conditions are required
Fertilizing issuesI
Prove that digestate is better than slurry (for exemple : N-enrichment by addingprotein rich substrates from meat industry)
For solid manure systems :
I Limit change for slurry spreading (same equipments)
I Take in charge the switch to liquid digestate (equipement, storage)
I Prove that digestate is better than compost, i.e. mineralization of organic N is
favorable
Economic issuesI Prove that CAD option is more profitable than farm-scale project, for each individual
case
I Fairly share out the benefits between all partners : farmers, waste producers, heatconsumers, plant investor
I Afford services - storage, spreading - or money for slurry delivering
I Dont ask for a fee from farmers : slurry is not a waste (except in N-excess areas)
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Non technical barriers
n6 : CAD operator
Need for a specialized developer
I Development costs for a CAD project = some hundreds of k ;
duration : 4 - 5 years
I Includes : technical studies ; contracting with farmers, food industry,heat consumers, digestate users ; financement ; environmentalstudies, risks assesment ; planning ; permitting ; contracting withmanufacturers
I => Specialized business in biogas systems engineering is required,besides partnership with farmers, municipalities, local food-industry
I Cross-cutting concerns : energy, waste, agriculture => a newprofession
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Conclusion
Due to the new feed-in tariffs for electricity, a new age is just
beginning for biogas in France. In particular, biogas fromagriculture is coming back.
Several CAD projects are under development. They will indicate
what could be the french way for biogas from agriculture(obvisouly plural).
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