christian coututrier

7/31/2019 Christian Coututrier

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Overview of centralized biogasplants projects in France

Will the new economic incentives overcome the nontechnical barriers ?

Christian CouturierSOLAGRO

75 Voie du TOEC

31075 Toulouse Cedex [email protected]. 05 67 69 69 69www.solagro.org

www.lebiogaz.info


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Biomethane production & use

Biomethaneproduction

114 PJ Landfill gas37 PJ

Entericfermentations

50 PJ

Slurrystorage

24 PJ

Biogas plants

3,4 PJ

Flared biogas

15 PJ

Atmosphere

94 PJ

Used biogas

8,8 PJ

Power plants5,7 PJ

Boilers, driers& furnaces

3,1

Power

1,7 PJ

(460 GWh)

Heat used

2,4 PJ

Losses

4,7 PJ

Self-consumption 0,7 PJ

5,4

17

Sources : CITEPA,SOLAGROLast energy data

updating : 2005


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Trends

Biogas production : +10% / year during thelast decade

Power production from biogas : +18% / year

Landfill gas schemes : +23 MW in 2006(+33% of capacity)

MSW methanization plants :I 3 plants under operation (150.000 t)

I 12 new plants under construction or planned (>

1.000.000 t)

Agriculture sectorI Farm scale plants : 3-4

I CAD : 0

In operation

In construction

Planned

CalaisLille

Forbach

Metz

Saint-L

Angers

Clermont-Ferrand

MontpellierMarseille

RoanneBourg-en-Bresse

Amiens

Varennes-Jarcy

Blanc-Mesnil

Romainville

La Martinique


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New economic incentives

Energy efficiency bonus

0

5

10

15

20

2530

35

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Global efficiency

Bonus,

/MW

h

Global efficiency = ( Power + Heat* ) / 97% x Fuel* Including digester heating

Price for electricity from biogas

Feed-in tariff, revised in july 2006

70

75

80

85

90

95100

105

110

115

0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000

Power, kW

Biogas plants

Landfill gas

Biogas plant,< 150 kW el,

efficiency > 75 % :

140 /MWh


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CAD projects in France

FERTI-NRJGEOTEXIA

TIPER

PROBIOGAS

JARNY

LES


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CAD projects in France

~5

~5

~7

5,5

16

Investment(M)

95 %

75 %

75 %

0 %

50 %

Manure(%)

Districtheating

Foodindustry

Foodindustry,

steam andwater

Foodindustry

Self-use

Heat use

Farmerscooperative created20Studies2005JARNY

[Lorraine]

Case-study for the PROBIOGASprogramme

10 km biogas canalization

44Studies2005PROBIOGAS

[Midi-Pyrnes]

Local association undercreation (farmers &municipalities)

52Studies2005TIPER

[PoitouCharentes]

Private project, includes 89farmers for digestate use

38Permitting2001FERTI-NRJ

[Picardie]

Production of a solid fertilizer ;nitrate vulnerable zone

Partnership farmersorganization / private company

60Permitting2000GEOTEXIA[Brittany]

CommentsSize(Tg)

StatusProjectstart-up


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Non technical barriers

n1 : Heat use

Renewable heat issuesI Heat = 50% of final energy consumption

I Hot water = efficient heat carrier from producer to consumers

I Distribution => canalizationsI District heating in France : 3% of the housing ; mainly big cities

I Heat for industry ; but need for steam (only 17% of the fuel energy can beconvert to steam with a gas motor ; and a gas turbine produces less electricity)

SolutionI Development of district heating : European Directive for renewable heat ; long-

term financing ;

I Looking for heat consumption (housing, services, industry)

I Construction of canalizations for hot water or for biogas, according to the

distance between the biogas plants and the heat consumers


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Capdenac Gare : food

industry, steam consumers

Mean distance fromfarms to CAD plant :

11 km (real)

10 km

8 km

River Aveyron valley

RiverLotvalley

Tab le of Montbazens

break

Decazeville : district heating,formerly coal, now wood


n2 : Specific biogas canalization

PROBIOGAZCAD project


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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

Heat used, GWh/year

50.00

0tons

1 Gwh valuable heat = 10.000 tons of biomass

I Investment : 100 k / km

I Annual cost : 15 k / km

I Heat value : 20-25 / MWh(gas price) + 15-25 /MWh(efficiency bonus) = 35 - 50/MWh

I Profitability limit : 300 - 500MWh/y per km

Barrier :I Existing regulation

Solution :I Working group : security,

construction, guideline


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Heatconsumers

Steam and water

Gas

Water

Norea[Maulon]

Gastronome[Neuil]

Heuliez[Cerizay]

Gastronome[Moncoutant]

Loel&Piriot ;France Champignon ;SOVILEG [Thouars]

Riblaire[St Varent]Calcia

[Airvault]

BTS Industrie[Chatillon sur Thouet]

BRM Mobilier,Wagon Automotive,

Ville[Bressuire]

Couvoir Boy[Allonne]

Ville[Parthenay]

TIPER CADProject




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n3 : Gas injection to the grid

BarriersI Legal status : biogas injection is lawful

but not permitted ; specifications from

authorities and gas operators are waitedI Health issues were cited about the

Montech project (landfill gas upgradind):halogenated compound, heavy metals

Solution :I Expert group of AFSSET (french agency

for health and environment at work) sinceFeb. 2007

Advantages for biogas injectionI High energy efficiency : not heat losses, few power consumption

I Low risk to loose the customer

I Production with the stream , no influence of season / night / week-endI Need for a renewable green gas in substitution to fossil gas


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n4 : administrative barriers

The legislation is unaware of biogas

I No legal norm for the solid digestate, unlike aerobic compost :

problem for the commercialization and sale

I => AFNOR (french agency for normalization) work group dedicated to digestate from biogas plants, created in 2006

I Regulation concerning hazard for biogas plants is not clear

I Regulation concerning specific biogas canalization is not clear


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n5 : the involvement of farmers

Involvement of farmers in a CAD project : several conditions are required

Fertilizing issuesI

Prove that digestate is better than slurry (for exemple : N-enrichment by addingprotein rich substrates from meat industry)

For solid manure systems :

I Limit change for slurry spreading (same equipments)

I Take in charge the switch to liquid digestate (equipement, storage)

I Prove that digestate is better than compost, i.e. mineralization of organic N is

favorable

Economic issuesI Prove that CAD option is more profitable than farm-scale project, for each individual

case

I Fairly share out the benefits between all partners : farmers, waste producers, heatconsumers, plant investor

I Afford services - storage, spreading - or money for slurry delivering

I Dont ask for a fee from farmers : slurry is not a waste (except in N-excess areas)


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n6 : CAD operator

Need for a specialized developer

I Development costs for a CAD project = some hundreds of k ;

duration : 4 - 5 years

I Includes : technical studies ; contracting with farmers, food industry,heat consumers, digestate users ; financement ; environmentalstudies, risks assesment ; planning ; permitting ; contracting withmanufacturers

I => Specialized business in biogas systems engineering is required,besides partnership with farmers, municipalities, local food-industry

I Cross-cutting concerns : energy, waste, agriculture => a newprofession


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Conclusion

Due to the new feed-in tariffs for electricity, a new age is just

beginning for biogas in France. In particular, biogas fromagriculture is coming back.

Several CAD projects are under development. They will indicate

what could be the french way for biogas from agriculture(obvisouly plural).

christian coututrier

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