china before wwii had a revolution in 1911 got rid of ancient chinese emperor system tired of being...

China before WWII• Had a revolution in 1911• Got rid of ancient Chinese emperor system• Tired of being “carved up like a melon” – pushed around by European imperialist powers

Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)

Dr. Sun Yat-sen (1866 – 1925)

Led the Revolution of 1911Led the Revolution of 1911

Chinese Warlords, 1920s

Chinese Warlords, 1920s

Yuan Shi-kaiYuan Shi-kai

• China was in chaos after the revolution• Feudal lords established control

China in 1924China in 1924

Mao ZedongMao Zedong

• One of the groups competing for power were Communists, led by Mao• Focused on getting support of peasants

Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President

of Nationalist (Democratic) China, 1928

Chiang Kai-shek Becomes President

of Nationalist (Democratic) China, 1928

The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion

The new leader of the republic – tried to stop Mao’s rebellion

THIS MEANS WAR!!!

CIVIL WAR THAT IS!!!

The Long MarchThe Long March

Communists travel 6,000 miles away from Nationalists- Journey lasts 1 year.

8,500 of 80,000 Communists survived

• Click here because my computer stinks!

Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945

Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945

Japan invaded China, along with East & Southeast Asia to carve for itself a “sphere

of influence”

• Communists & Nationalists ignore Japan and keep fighting each other.

• What is wrong with this?

• Eventually the Communists & Nationalists join together in order to rid China of Japan.

• What do you think happens to this alliance following WWII?

The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949• Civil War

began again, after the Japanese were expelled from China•Nationalist army outnumbered Communist•Truman Doctrine?•U.S. funded Nationalists

The Communist Victory

The Communist Victory

• So mad @ my computer right now!

Taiwan: The Republic of China

Taiwan: The Republic of China

Chiang Kai-shek and his government was forced out of

China to the tiny island of Taiwan.

The People’s Republic of China

The People’s Republic of China

Reasons for the Communists’

Success

Reasons for the Communists’

Success► Mao won support of peasants – land

► Mao won support of women

► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics

► Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt (too much foreign influence)

Communist China Under Mao

Communist China Under Mao

►Return China to a strong country ►Industrialized China► Increased literacy► Class privileges ended► Rural Chinese received health care► One-party dictatorship► Denied people basic rights and freedoms

Great Leap Forward, 1958

Great Leap Forward, 1958

► 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry

► Built backyard furnaces to make iron

► Failed due to poor quality of products, no one working in fields – MASS FAMINE

A Campaign Against the

“FOUR OLDS”

A Campaign Against the

“FOUR OLDS”► Old Thoughts

► Old Culture

► Old Customs

► Old Habits

To Rebel Is Good!To Rebel Is Good!

Smash the Old World. Establish a New World.

Cultural RevolutionCultural Revolution

► Designed to reinstall a revolutionary spirit► To forget Great Leap Forward’s failure► Red Guards – students who attacked elders: professors, government officials, factory managers

Red GuardRed Guard

With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word

'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the

word 'Usefullness'. (1968)

With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word

'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the

word 'Usefullness'. (1968)

The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us

together Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art

Academy collective, 1968

The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us

together Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art

Academy collective, 1968

Mao’s Little Red

Book

Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

De-Maoization

De-Maoization

► Agriculture

► Industry

► Science

► Defense

► Agriculture

► Industry

► Science

► Defense

““The 4 The 4 Modernizations”Modernizations”

Progress in:Progress in:

Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

Gap Between Rich & Poor

Gap Between Rich & Poor

Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

More democracy!

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

The“Goddess

ofDemocracy”

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

The Government Clamps Down

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

One Lone Man’s Protest

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by an Army Tank

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Student Leaders Are Arrested

Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster

Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of

struggle!1967-1972

Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of

struggle!1967-1972

Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster

Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster

Propaganda PosterPropaganda Poster

Assignment

*Page 539

*Copy the “Chinese Political Opponents” chart onto your notes.

*Answer the skillbuilder questions.

• Japan’s Invasion

Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking

December 9, 1937

Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking

December 9, 1937

Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

The Japanese Invasion, 1937The Japanese

Invasion, 1937

Beheadings Took Place in Public

Beheadings Took Place in Public

“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great

Wall, 1971

“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great

Wall, 1971

Mao Meets President Nixon,

1972

Mao Meets President Nixon,

1972

Power StrugglePower Struggle

Modernists

Communist Traditionalist

s

Zhou Enlai

“The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao

Wenyuan

1976

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

The Army Looks for Dissidents

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Chinese Students Mourn the Dead

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Tiananmen Square, 1989

The Reestablishment of Order