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Children and road safety
Third UN Road Safety week
Dr Chamaiparn Santikarn RA –DPR , WHO- SEARO, 8 May 2015
THE GLOBAL FACTS
THE GLOBAL FACTS
Road traffic injury :
Ranks among top 4 causes of death
for children age 5 years and older
#1 killer of children aged 15-17 years
• Boys die 2 times more than girls
• Death rate among children are 3 TIMES
HIGHER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
THE GLOBAL FACTS
THE GLOBAL FACTS
SEAR
Nepal
India
DPR Korea
Timor Leste
Bhutan
Thailand
Sri Lanka
Maldives
Indonesia
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Total estimated road death 300,000+ persons/year - 6% children
South-East Asia Region
Source: World report on child injury prevention, WHO, Geneva, 2008
Preliminary analysis result
SEA Region
3rd GLOBAL SURVEY ON ROAD
SAFETY
conducted in 2014
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Rate per 100 000
population
Bangladesh Bhutan
India Indonesia
Maldives Myanmar
Sri Lanka Thailand
Timor-Leste
Road traffic death rates from reported data, SEA countries, 2000-2013
Source:Bangladesh: RTA annual report 2012, Bhutan: Royal Bhutan Police, India: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Indonesia: Indonesian
National Police, Maldives: Maldives Police Service, Myanmar: Myanmar Police Force, Sri Lanka: Police accident database Thailand: Ministry of Public
Health, 2012, Timor-Leste: National Transit Police
Country Estimated RTI death rate
per 100,000 pop., 2013
Year of
data
Source of Data
BAN 13.6 2012 Police First Information Record
BHU 15.1 2013 Royal BHU Police
IND 16.6 * 2013 Min. of Road Transport
&Highways
INO 15.3 2013 INO Nat'l Police
MAL 3.5 2013 MAL Police Service
MMR 20.3 **** 2013 MMR Police Force
NEP 17.0 ** 2013 Police Head Quarter (TD)
SLR 17.4 *** 2013 Dep. of Police
THA 36.2 ***** 2012 Min. of Public Health
TLS 16.6 2013 Nat'l Police TLS (PNTL)
Distribution of road traffic deaths stratified by gender in the SEAR,
2010-2013
1,437
45 116,334
9,753
9 1,848 1,229 1,927 11,061 79
424
14 21,238
1,203
3 616 515 435 2,998 21 677
0 0
15,460
0 0 0 0 0 0
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%Male
Female
Unknown
Source of data: BAN: Police First Information Record, 2010, BHU: Royal BHU Police, 2013, IND: Min. of Road Transport &Highways, 2013, INO: IN On Nat'l
Police, 2013, MAL: MAL Police Service, 2013, MMR: MMR Police Force, 2010, NEP: Police Head Quarter (TD), 2013, SLR: Dep. of Police, 2013
THA: Min. of Public Health, 2012, TLS: Combined sources, 2010
Male accounted
for 84 % of
all deaths
with known
genders.
SEA countries BAN
%
(No. of
deaths)
BHU
%
(No. of
deaths)
IND
%
(No. of
deaths)
INO
%
(No. of
deaths
)
MAL
%
(No. of
deaths)
MMR
%
(No.
of
death
s)
SLR
%
(No. of
deaths)
THA
%
(No. of
deaths)
TLS
%
(No. of
deaths)
< 15 yrs old
( N = 7 911*)
% of all
reported deaths
*** 9.4
(238)
*5.1
(3)
4.2
(5 760)
3.7
(970)
***** 16.7
(2)
1.5
(55)
3.8
(90)
**5.6
(785)
***** 10.5
(8)
15 yrs & above 56.8
(1 442)
94.9
(56)
54.5
(74 916)
52.1
(13 754)
66.7
(8)
98.5 (3 557)
96.2
(2 272)
94.4 (13 274)
89.5
(68)
Unknown 33.8
(858)
0.0
(0)
41.4
(56 896)
44.3 (11 692)
16.7
(2)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
Proportion of road deaths in children <15 years old , SEA 2010-2013
Source of data: BAN: Police First Information Record, 2010, BHU: Royal BHU Police, 2013, IND: Min. of Road Transport &Highways, 2013, INO: IN On Nat'l
Police, 2013, MAL: MAL Police Service, 2013, MMR: MMR Police Force, 2010, NEP: Police Head Quarter (TD), 2013, SLR: Dep. of Police, 2013
THA: Min. of Public Health, 2012, TLS: Combined sources, 2010
Special RTI study- SEA Region 2011 Among RTI in children < 15 yrs old - Vehicle users (drivers and passengers)- largest proportion
• Thailand 87.6% • Sri Lanka 71.3% • Nepal 33.3%
Except India, pedestrians 50.1%
- Motorcycle - most common vehicle used by injured
children 40 -70% in 4 countries ( India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand).
Proportion of different types of registered vehicles in the SEA countries 2013
Source od data:
BAN: BAN Road Transport Authority, 2014, BHU: RSTA, 2014, IND: Min. of Road Transport &Highways, 2012, INO: INO Nat'l Police, 2013, MAL: Transport
Authority, 2013, MMR: Road Transport Administrative Dep., 2014, NEP: Dep. of Travel Management, 2011, SLR: Dep. of Motor Traffic, 2013, THA: Dep. of
L&Transport, 2012, TLS: Min. of Transportation &Communication, 2013
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Bangladesh Bhutan India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste
4-wheeled cars and light vehicles
Motorized 2-3 wheeled vehicles
Heavy trucks
Buses
Others
Motorcycles accounted > 50% of all registered vehicles in SEA Region
Status of motorcycle use and helmet legislation in the SEA countries , 2014
Contd.
BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS
Minimum age for riding on
motorcycles (driver/
passengers)
no no no no Yes, for
driver-
18 years
no no no no no
Minimum height for riding
on motorcycles ( driver /
passengers)
no no no no no no no no no no
Nat'l laws/regulations
requiring helmet use by
motorcycle
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
• require helmet use by
child passengers on
motorcycles
yes yes yes Yes
child MC
helmet
yes yes yes yes Yes
child
MC
helmet
yes
BAN BHU IND INO MAL MM
R
NEP SLR THA TLS
Helmet legislation
provides exceptions to
use of helmets?
no no yes no yes no no no yes no
Legislation requires
helmets be properly
fastened ?
no Yes yes no no yes no no yes yes
Legislation make
specific reference of
helmet standard or refer
to body responsible for
setting such standard?
yes yes yes yes no no no yes yes yes
• specify standard Standard
to be
prescribed
by
regulations
not
addres
sed
No
Only state
level
standard
INO
Nat'l
Standar
d
n/a n/a n/a approved
by
Minister
As per
Ministeria
l Order no
14/1992
not
addres
sed
Nat'l law require
penalties for violations
of helmets provisions?
no yes yes yes no no yes yes yes yes
Status of motorcycle helmet use legislation in the SEA Region, 2014
Status of seat-belt use legislation in SEA Region, 2014
SEA countries BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS
Nat'l laws seat-belt use among
car occupants
no yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes
legislation require seat-belts
use for driver
no
yes yes yes yes n/a Yes yes yes yes
legislation require seat-belts
use for front seats passengers
no
yes yes yes yes n/a Yes yes yes yes
legislation require seat-belts
use for rear seats passengers
no
yes no** no yes n/a no no no yes
legislation has exceptions to
use of seat-belt
no no no no yes no no yes no no
BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS
Laws/reg. specify age, weight
/height below which children
can’t sit on front seat?
no no no no no no no no no yes
Nat'l laws or regul. requiring
use of child restraints
no no No, but new law will be
implemented from 2016
no no no no no no yes
• specify mandatory restraint use
appropriate by age?
n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no
• by weight? n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no
- by height? n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no
• exceptions to use of child-
restraints?
n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no
• specify seating position of
child restraints (forward vs rear
facing)?
n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no
Table 13: Status of child restraint use legislation in the SEA Region, 2014
Status of speed-limit legislation in the SEA countries, 2014
BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS
Nat'l laws on speed
limits
yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
-urban roads not addressed
30
km/h
not addressed
70 km/h 30
km/h
48
km/h
80
km/h
50
km/h
80
km/h
50
km/h
- rural main roads 70
miles/
h
50
km/h
not
address
ed
100km
/h
30
km/h
80
km/h
80
km/h
70
km/h
90
km/h
90
km/h
- on motorways not addressed
50
km/h
not addressed
not addressed
not addressed
not addressed
not addressed
not addressed
120
km/h
120
km/h
- speed limits around
schools
no no no yes
30
km/h
yes
10
km/h
no no yes
30
km/h
no no
Status of drink-driving legislation in SEA countries, 2014 BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS
Nat'l laws on drink-driving yes yes yes no No, but
prohibit alc.
drinking
yes yes yes yes yes
• law based on BAC or an
equivalent Br AC level?
no BAC BAC n/a n/a BAC no BAC BAC BAC
• max. legal BAC/BrAC
for general veh. drivers
n/a ≤0.8 g/l ≤30 mg/%
n/a n/a ≤0.8 g/l no 0.08mg/l ≤50mg% ≤0.5g
/L
• max. legal BAC/BrAC for
young-novice drivers
n/a ≤0.8 g/l ≤30 mg% n/a n/a ≤0.8 g/l no 0.08mg/l ≤50mg% ≤0.5g
/L
• max. legal BAC/BrAC for
commercial drivers
n/a ≤0.8 g/l ≤30 mg% n/a n/a ≤0.8 g/l no 0.08mg/l ≤0mg% ≤0.5g
/L
Law allow random breath
testing
no not
addressed no n/a n/a not
addressed
not
addressed
no yes yes
n/a – Not applicable
WHO also propose to all
policy makers
10 strategies for child safety
on the roads as follow:
3rd UN Road Safety Week 4-10 May 2015
3rd UN Road Safety Week 4-10 May 2015
STRATEGY 1 control speed
• Set/enforce speed limits,
maximum 30 km/h (20 mph) on
roads with many pedestrians
• Enforce limits through speed cameras
• Install traffic lights, roundabouts,
speed humps, etc. to limit speed
• Set/enforce BAC limits of 0.05 g/dl for
all drivers and 0.02 g/dl for young
drivers *
• Enforce limits through sobriety check
points/random breath testing
• Restrict sale of alcohol
• Limit marketing of alcohol to children
STRATEGY 2 Reduce drinking and driving
• Set/enforce motorcycle (MC) helmet laws
stipulating type/fit by age group
• Put in place MC helmet standards
• Ensure availability/affordability of child MC
helmets
• Support community-based MC/ bicycle
helmet programmes
Strat.3 Use helmets - bicyclist & motorcyclist
• Set/enforce child restraint laws for all
private vehicles
• Put in place child restraint standards
• Ensure availability/affordability of
child restraints *
• Oblige vehicle manufacturers to have
plug in attachments such as ISOFIX
anchorage systems
STRATEGY 4 Restraint children in vehicle
• Wear white/light-coloured clothing
• Use retro-reflective strips on
clothing/backpacks
• Form "walking buses"
• Use headlamps/reflectors on bicycles
• Use daytime running lights on
motorcycles/vehicles
STRATEGY 5 Improve children’s ability to be seen
• Install traffic lights, roundabouts,
speed humps, cross walks, over passes,
median strips, street lighting, etc. on
busy roads
• Separate different types of traffic
• Create car-free zones
• Introduce school safety zones
• Invest in safe public transport
STRATEGY 6 Enhance road infrastructures
• Mandate/install energy-absorbing
crumple zones in vehicles
• Redesign vehicle fronts to make
them "pedestrian friendly"
• Equip vehicles with cameras/alarms
to detect small objects
• Install alcohol interlock systems in
vehicles of people convicted of
drinking & driving
STRATEGY 7 Adapt vehicle design
• Lower BAC limits for young drivers
• Drive with a responsible adult for a
designated period
• Restrict night time driving and
driving with passengers
• Insist on zero tolerance for any
traffic offenses, including texting
while driving
STRATEGY 8 Implement graduate driver licensing
• Educate caretakers/teachers on safe
immediate stabilization of injuries
• Equip emergency vehicles with child-sized
equipment/supplies
• Make hospitals "child friendly"
• Improve rehabilitation services for children
• Increase access to counselling services for
children
STRATEGY 9 Provide appropriate care for injured children
• As a complement/reinforcement to
other strategies, supervise children
around roads
• Ensure, for example, that children
use helmets/child restraints and
abide by protocols established for
school safety zones
STRATEGY 10 Supervise children around roads
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