Children and road safety

Third UN Road Safety week

Dr Chamaiparn Santikarn RA –DPR , WHO- SEARO, 8 May 2015

THE GLOBAL FACTS

THE GLOBAL FACTS

Road traffic injury :

Ranks among top 4 causes of death

for children age 5 years and older

#1 killer of children aged 15-17 years

• Boys die 2 times more than girls

• Death rate among children are 3 TIMES

HIGHER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

THE GLOBAL FACTS

THE GLOBAL FACTS

SEAR

Nepal

India

DPR Korea

Timor Leste

Bhutan

Thailand

Sri Lanka

Maldives

Indonesia

Bangladesh

Myanmar

Total estimated road death 300,000+ persons/year - 6% children

South-East Asia Region

Source: World report on child injury prevention, WHO, Geneva, 2008

Preliminary analysis result

SEA Region

3rd GLOBAL SURVEY ON ROAD

SAFETY

conducted in 2014

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Rate per 100 000

population

Bangladesh Bhutan

India Indonesia

Maldives Myanmar

Sri Lanka Thailand

Timor-Leste

Road traffic death rates from reported data, SEA countries, 2000-2013

Source:Bangladesh: RTA annual report 2012, Bhutan: Royal Bhutan Police, India: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Indonesia: Indonesian

National Police, Maldives: Maldives Police Service, Myanmar: Myanmar Police Force, Sri Lanka: Police accident database Thailand: Ministry of Public

Health, 2012, Timor-Leste: National Transit Police

Country Estimated RTI death rate

per 100,000 pop., 2013

Year of

data

Source of Data

BAN 13.6 2012 Police First Information Record

BHU 15.1 2013 Royal BHU Police

IND 16.6 * 2013 Min. of Road Transport

&Highways

INO 15.3 2013 INO Nat'l Police

MAL 3.5 2013 MAL Police Service

MMR 20.3 **** 2013 MMR Police Force

NEP 17.0 ** 2013 Police Head Quarter (TD)

SLR 17.4 *** 2013 Dep. of Police

THA 36.2 ***** 2012 Min. of Public Health

TLS 16.6 2013 Nat'l Police TLS (PNTL)

Distribution of road traffic deaths stratified by gender in the SEAR,

2010-2013

1,437

45 116,334

9,753

9 1,848 1,229 1,927 11,061 79

424

14 21,238

1,203

3 616 515 435 2,998 21 677

0 0

15,460

0 0 0 0 0 0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%Male

Female

Unknown

Source of data: BAN: Police First Information Record, 2010, BHU: Royal BHU Police, 2013, IND: Min. of Road Transport &Highways, 2013, INO: IN On Nat'l

Police, 2013, MAL: MAL Police Service, 2013, MMR: MMR Police Force, 2010, NEP: Police Head Quarter (TD), 2013, SLR: Dep. of Police, 2013

THA: Min. of Public Health, 2012, TLS: Combined sources, 2010

Male accounted

for 84 % of

all deaths

with known

genders.

SEA countries BAN

%

(No. of

deaths)

BHU

%

(No. of

deaths)

IND

%

(No. of

deaths)

INO

%

(No. of

deaths

)

MAL

%

(No. of

deaths)

MMR

%

(No.

of

death

s)

SLR

%

(No. of

deaths)

THA

%

(No. of

deaths)

TLS

%

(No. of

deaths)

< 15 yrs old

( N = 7 911*)

% of all

reported deaths

*** 9.4

(238)

*5.1

(3)

4.2

(5 760)

3.7

(970)

***** 16.7

(2)

1.5

(55)

3.8

(90)

**5.6

(785)

***** 10.5

(8)

15 yrs & above 56.8

(1 442)

94.9

(56)

54.5

(74 916)

52.1

(13 754)

66.7

(8)

98.5 (3 557)

96.2

(2 272)

94.4 (13 274)

89.5

(68)

Unknown 33.8

(858)

0.0

(0)

41.4

(56 896)

44.3 (11 692)

16.7

(2)

0.0

(0)

0.0

(0)

0.0

(0)

0.0

(0)

Proportion of road deaths in children <15 years old , SEA 2010-2013

Source of data: BAN: Police First Information Record, 2010, BHU: Royal BHU Police, 2013, IND: Min. of Road Transport &Highways, 2013, INO: IN On Nat'l

Police, 2013, MAL: MAL Police Service, 2013, MMR: MMR Police Force, 2010, NEP: Police Head Quarter (TD), 2013, SLR: Dep. of Police, 2013

THA: Min. of Public Health, 2012, TLS: Combined sources, 2010

Special RTI study- SEA Region 2011 Among RTI in children < 15 yrs old - Vehicle users (drivers and passengers)- largest proportion

• Thailand 87.6% • Sri Lanka 71.3% • Nepal 33.3%

Except India, pedestrians 50.1%

- Motorcycle - most common vehicle used by injured

children 40 -70% in 4 countries ( India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand).

Proportion of different types of registered vehicles in the SEA countries 2013

Source od data:

BAN: BAN Road Transport Authority, 2014, BHU: RSTA, 2014, IND: Min. of Road Transport &Highways, 2012, INO: INO Nat'l Police, 2013, MAL: Transport

Authority, 2013, MMR: Road Transport Administrative Dep., 2014, NEP: Dep. of Travel Management, 2011, SLR: Dep. of Motor Traffic, 2013, THA: Dep. of

L&Transport, 2012, TLS: Min. of Transportation &Communication, 2013

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Bangladesh Bhutan India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste

4-wheeled cars and light vehicles

Motorized 2-3 wheeled vehicles

Heavy trucks

Buses

Others

Motorcycles accounted > 50% of all registered vehicles in SEA Region

Status of motorcycle use and helmet legislation in the SEA countries , 2014

Contd.

BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS

Minimum age for riding on

motorcycles (driver/

passengers)

no no no no Yes, for

driver-

18 years

no no no no no

Minimum height for riding

on motorcycles ( driver /

passengers)

no no no no no no no no no no

Nat'l laws/regulations

requiring helmet use by

motorcycle

yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

• require helmet use by

child passengers on

motorcycles

yes yes yes Yes

child MC

helmet

yes yes yes yes Yes

child

MC

helmet

yes

BAN BHU IND INO MAL MM

R

NEP SLR THA TLS

Helmet legislation

provides exceptions to

use of helmets?

no no yes no yes no no no yes no

Legislation requires

helmets be properly

fastened ?

no Yes yes no no yes no no yes yes

Legislation make

specific reference of

helmet standard or refer

to body responsible for

setting such standard?

yes yes yes yes no no no yes yes yes

• specify standard Standard

to be

prescribed

by

regulations

not

addres

sed

No

Only state

level

standard

INO

Nat'l

Standar

d

n/a n/a n/a approved

by

Minister

As per

Ministeria

l Order no

14/1992

not

addres

sed

Nat'l law require

penalties for violations

of helmets provisions?

no yes yes yes no no yes yes yes yes

Status of motorcycle helmet use legislation in the SEA Region, 2014

Status of seat-belt use legislation in SEA Region, 2014

SEA countries BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS

Nat'l laws seat-belt use among

car occupants

no yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes

legislation require seat-belts

use for driver

no

yes yes yes yes n/a Yes yes yes yes

legislation require seat-belts

use for front seats passengers

no

yes yes yes yes n/a Yes yes yes yes

legislation require seat-belts

use for rear seats passengers

no

yes no** no yes n/a no no no yes

legislation has exceptions to

use of seat-belt

no no no no yes no no yes no no

BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS

Laws/reg. specify age, weight

/height below which children

can’t sit on front seat?

no no no no no no no no no yes

Nat'l laws or regul. requiring

use of child restraints

no no No, but new law will be

implemented from 2016

no no no no no no yes

• specify mandatory restraint use

appropriate by age?

n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no

• by weight? n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no

- by height? n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no

• exceptions to use of child-

restraints?

n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no

• specify seating position of

child restraints (forward vs rear

facing)?

n/a n/a n/a n/a no n/a n/a n/a n/a no

Table 13: Status of child restraint use legislation in the SEA Region, 2014

Status of speed-limit legislation in the SEA countries, 2014

BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS

Nat'l laws on speed

limits

yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

-urban roads not addressed

30

km/h

not addressed

70 km/h 30

km/h

48

km/h

80

km/h

50

km/h

80

km/h

50

km/h

- rural main roads 70

miles/

h

50

km/h

not

address

ed

100km

/h

30

km/h

80

km/h

80

km/h

70

km/h

90

km/h

90

km/h

- on motorways not addressed

50

km/h

not addressed

not addressed

not addressed

not addressed

not addressed

not addressed

120

km/h

120

km/h

- speed limits around

schools

no no no yes

30

km/h

yes

10

km/h

no no yes

30

km/h

no no

Status of drink-driving legislation in SEA countries, 2014 BAN BHU IND INO MAL MMR NEP SLR THA TLS

Nat'l laws on drink-driving yes yes yes no No, but

prohibit alc.

drinking

yes yes yes yes yes

• law based on BAC or an

equivalent Br AC level?

no BAC BAC n/a n/a BAC no BAC BAC BAC

• max. legal BAC/BrAC

for general veh. drivers

n/a ≤0.8 g/l ≤30 mg/%

n/a n/a ≤0.8 g/l no 0.08mg/l ≤50mg% ≤0.5g

/L

• max. legal BAC/BrAC for

young-novice drivers

n/a ≤0.8 g/l ≤30 mg% n/a n/a ≤0.8 g/l no 0.08mg/l ≤50mg% ≤0.5g

/L

• max. legal BAC/BrAC for

commercial drivers

n/a ≤0.8 g/l ≤30 mg% n/a n/a ≤0.8 g/l no 0.08mg/l ≤0mg% ≤0.5g

/L

Law allow random breath

testing

no not

addressed no n/a n/a not

addressed

not

addressed

no yes yes

n/a – Not applicable

WHO also propose to all

policy makers

10 strategies for child safety

on the roads as follow:

3rd UN Road Safety Week 4-10 May 2015

3rd UN Road Safety Week 4-10 May 2015

STRATEGY 1 control speed

• Set/enforce speed limits,

maximum 30 km/h (20 mph) on

roads with many pedestrians

• Enforce limits through speed cameras

• Install traffic lights, roundabouts,

speed humps, etc. to limit speed

• Set/enforce BAC limits of 0.05 g/dl for

all drivers and 0.02 g/dl for young

drivers *

• Enforce limits through sobriety check

points/random breath testing

• Restrict sale of alcohol

• Limit marketing of alcohol to children

STRATEGY 2 Reduce drinking and driving

• Set/enforce motorcycle (MC) helmet laws

stipulating type/fit by age group

• Put in place MC helmet standards

• Ensure availability/affordability of child MC

helmets

• Support community-based MC/ bicycle

helmet programmes

Strat.3 Use helmets - bicyclist & motorcyclist

• Set/enforce child restraint laws for all

private vehicles

• Put in place child restraint standards

• Ensure availability/affordability of

child restraints *

• Oblige vehicle manufacturers to have

plug in attachments such as ISOFIX

anchorage systems

STRATEGY 4 Restraint children in vehicle

• Wear white/light-coloured clothing

• Use retro-reflective strips on

clothing/backpacks

• Form "walking buses"

• Use headlamps/reflectors on bicycles

• Use daytime running lights on

motorcycles/vehicles

STRATEGY 5 Improve children’s ability to be seen

• Install traffic lights, roundabouts,

speed humps, cross walks, over passes,

median strips, street lighting, etc. on

busy roads

• Separate different types of traffic

• Create car-free zones

• Introduce school safety zones

• Invest in safe public transport

STRATEGY 6 Enhance road infrastructures

• Mandate/install energy-absorbing

crumple zones in vehicles

• Redesign vehicle fronts to make

them "pedestrian friendly"

• Equip vehicles with cameras/alarms

to detect small objects

• Install alcohol interlock systems in

vehicles of people convicted of

drinking & driving

STRATEGY 7 Adapt vehicle design

• Lower BAC limits for young drivers

• Drive with a responsible adult for a

designated period

• Restrict night time driving and

driving with passengers

• Insist on zero tolerance for any

traffic offenses, including texting

while driving

STRATEGY 8 Implement graduate driver licensing

• Educate caretakers/teachers on safe

immediate stabilization of injuries

• Equip emergency vehicles with child-sized

equipment/supplies

• Make hospitals "child friendly"

• Improve rehabilitation services for children

• Increase access to counselling services for

children

STRATEGY 9 Provide appropriate care for injured children

• As a complement/reinforcement to

other strategies, supervise children

around roads

• Ensure, for example, that children

use helmets/child restraints and

abide by protocols established for

school safety zones

STRATEGY 10 Supervise children around roads