chapter 9: user-centered approaches to interaction design
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Chapter 9: User-centered approaches to interaction design
From “Interaction design: Beyond human-computer interaction”
By J. Preece, Y. Rogers, H. Sharp
Presented by:
Xiaohong Bao
Steve Abrams
Introduction
User involvement in the development process
Contents: Advantages Principles Understanding user’s work: applying
ethnography in design Involving users in design: participatory design
Advantages
Developers gain a lot for better product by understanding users better
Expectation management Make sure that the users’ views and expectations are
realistic Support the users’ work more effectively Help the users to know and understand the product at
the early stage training
Ownership
Degrees of involvement
Full-time or part-time Duration of the whole project or a limited
time Through newsletters or workshop Attending evaluations
Principles
To design a useful and easy to use computer system Early focus on users and tasks Empirical measurement Iterative design
Early focus on users and tasks
User’s tasks and goals are the driving force behind the development
Users’ behavior and context of use are studied and the system is designed to support them
Users’ characteristics are captured and designed for.
Users are consulted throughout development from earlier phases to the latest and their input is seriously taken into account
All design decisions are taken within the context of the users, their work, and their environment
Involving users in design: Participatory Design
Users are actively involved in development. They design the product in cooperation with the designers
PICTIVE(Plastic Interface for Collaborative Technology
Initiatives through Video Exploration)
PICTIVE --- continued
1. The stakeholders all introduce themselves
2. Brief tutorials about the different domains
3. Brainstorming the designs
4. A walkthrough of the design and the decision discussed
CARD(Collaborative analysis of Requirements and Design)
Takes a more macroscopic view of the task flow, while PICTIVE concentrates on detailed aspects of the system
Conclusion
Involving users in the design process helps with expectation management and feelings of ownership, but how and when to involve users is a matter of dispute
Putting a user-centered approach into practice requires much information about the users to be gathered and interpreted
Ethnography is a good method for studying users in their natural surroundings
Conclusion -continued
Representing the information gleaned from an ethnographic study so that it can be used in design has been problematic
The goals of ethnography are to study the details, while the goals of system design are to produce abstractions; hence they are not immediately compatible
Conclusion –continued 2
Coherence is a method that provides focus questions to help guide the ethnographer towards issues that have proved to be important in systems development
Contextual design in a method that provides models and techniques for gathering contextual data and representing it in a form suitable for practical design
PICTIVE and CARD are both participatory design techniques that empower users to take an active part in design decisions
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