chapter 3 section 2 climate. key terms convection el nino greenhouse effect
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Chapter 3 Section 2 Chapter 3 Section 2
ClimateClimate
Key TermsKey Terms
• Convection
• El Nino
• Greenhouse Effect
Factors Affecting ClimateFactors Affecting Climate
• Wind Currents- Distribute heat from one part of the earth to another
• Ocean Currents- Push heated and cooled water around the world like rivers in the ocean
• Zones of Latitude- Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn it is warm year around. It is cold year around by the poles.
• Elevation and Topography- The temperature drops 3.5 degrees for every 1,000ft. above sea level. Mountains also create dry air, and even deserts.
Changes in ClimateChanges in Climate
• El Nino- It’s the warming of the waters off the west coast of South America, this brings rain and some flooding (p.57)
• La Nina- It’s the cooling of the waters off the west coast of South America, this brings rain and some flooding to India and Asia
• Global Warming- The warming of the earth can change the climate of earth by melting ice caps and raising sea levels (p.58)
Section 3Section 3
World Climate World Climate RegionsRegions
Key Terms sections 3&4Key Terms sections 3&4
• Tundra• Permafrost• Ecosystem• Biome• Deciduous• Rain Forest
• Coniferous• Savanna• Steppe
• To define a CR, we must make generalizations about weather over a period of many years
• 2 most important factors – temperature & precipitation
• We use latitude to help define climate
Climate RegionsClimate Regions
• Tropical (low latitude)
• Dry
• Mid-latitude
• High latitude
• Highland
(Study pages 60 and 61)
Know the characteristics of these regions
Section 4Section 4
Soils and Vegetation
Soil RegionsSoil Regions
• Food depends on soil type
• Depth, texture, humus content determine what type of vegetation can grow
Vegetation RegionsVegetation Regions
• Natural environments where farming, ranching, & logging occur
• Soil, temp., & moisture determine what type of vegetation is present
• Ecosystem – an interdependent community of plants & animals
• Biome – the ecosystem of a region
ForestlandsForestlands• Forest regions defined by types of
trees – deciduous & coniferous
• Deciduous – broadleaf trees; maple, oak
• Coniferous – needleleaf; cone bearing
• Rain forest – located in tropical zone; mostly deciduous trees
GrasslandsGrasslands
• Mostly flat regions w/ a few trees
• Savanna - tropical grassy regions, mostly treeless
• Steppe – temperate grasslands in the Northern Hemisphere (plains)
Desert and TundraDesert and Tundra
• Plants in deserts are especially tolerant to dry weather. They can conserve water.
• Plants in the tundra are especially tolerant to cold weather. They are mosses, and other low lying vegetation.
Human ImpactHuman Impact
• People change the environment in order to make it easier on themselves.
• An example is that in Texas there is only one lake not man made. (Caddo Lake)
• Another example is on page 67
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