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CHAPTER - 2
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S o il S urvey o f R e^ ar
BASilN iRRiqATiON PROjECT
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C H A PT E R - 2
SOIL SURVEY OF REHAR BASIN IRRIGATION PROJECT
According to the definition, a soil with pH less than 7.0 is
deemed as an acid soil (USDA, 1957) [4]. In other terms the acid
soils are those which respond to the application o f lime. Later on it
was stressed that the soils with pH less then 5.5 in 1:1 soil water
extract could be charaterised and classified as acid soils (soil survey
staff. 1^75) 110J. Percent base saturation (PBS) was also used as
criterion for differentiating soils in some orders and the soil reaction
(pH 5.5) was used as criterion to distinguish soil family and acid or
non acid in those order where PBS was not taken into consideration!
(Murthy et al. 1976) [12].
Bhaumic and Donahue (1964) [5], stated that the acidic
nature of soil was found to be due to existence of granitic rooks,
the use of acid forming fertilizers also enhanced the acidity of soil.
They reported that in India about 25.91 m illion ha o f land was
with pH below 5.5 and about 23.64 million ha with pH between 5.6
and (i.? Motiramani et al. (1965) [6] expressed that about 34.573 ha
.-■oils existed as acidic out o f which 7.145 and 10.969 ha were highK
acidic, the pH being 5.0 to 5.5 in Surguja and Bastar districts of
M adina Pradesh respectively.
The soils of Rehar Basin Command Area covering an area
of about 37,000 ha (Anonymous, 1989) [15] seem to be acidic in
reaction. Hydrogen ion concentration in soils dominates hydroxyl
ion which may be the result o f higher precipitation. However, the
detailed studies on this aspect have not been made so far and hence
keeping these factors in view, the present study has been aimed
with the following objectives.
1. To determine the physical and Chemical parameters
of these soils.
2. To determine the fertility status (available N,P and
K) of these soils.
3. To find out the root cause by which the soils
hance have tended to become acidic.
4. To prepare soil fertility map of the Rehar
Basin Irrigation Project Area.
S O IL SU RV EY :
Materials and Methods :
A detailed survey of the soils of the Rehar Basin. Irrigation
project in Surguja tahsil o f Surguja district, M.P., was made in
order to know the types of soils, infestation of acidity problems
and their fertility status.
I nder the present investigation about 100 surface soil
samples representing all the grids of the area were collected, dried
in shade, sieved through 2 mm. size sieve and kept for analyses for
a numbers of factors important for establishing their fertility status.
CiKNEAL D E S C R IP T IO N O F THE A R E A :
Location anil extent :
The area o f Rehar Basin Irrigation Project is situated in
Surajpur tahsil of Surguja district, M.P. covering three development
blocks namely Surajpur, Bhaiyathan and Ramanujganj (fig. 2). The
commond area is located in between 23° 03' and 23° 25' N latitude
and between 82" 38’ and 82° 58' E longitude with an average altitude
of 678 metres from the mean sea level.
The north east and south directions o f the project area are
surrounded by degraded forest and residual hillocks whereas the
eastern boundary is surrounded by Rehar river itself.
The Rehar Basin Command occupies an area o f 37000 ha
land spread over in 129 villages of Surajpur. Ramanujganj and
Bhai\athan blocks, tehsil Surajpur, district Surguja.
lMivsio»raphv :
1 he average altitude ot the Rehan basin command area is
678 metres from the mean sea level. Considering the broad
physiographic classification ot India, the basin area is a part of
[jG. 2 . 1 : LOCATIONS OF SOIL F'EDONS IN REHAR BASIN IRRIGATION , RROJECT A R E A , DIST. SURGUJA (M.R.)
B a g h e l K h a n d p la teau . It l ies in the east o f M a ik a l range and in the
sou th o f r ive r Son .
Physiographieally the Rehar basin irrigation project area can
be divided as : (i) Pediment plain, (ii) Lower and upper piedmont
plain and (iii) Flood plain. The major area o f Rehar basin falls under
piedmont plain. The area under Hood plain is very limited which is
located near the left bank o f Rehar river.
Relief :
Some parts o f the area fall under concave type of relief.
In blocks like Surajpur and Bhaiyathan, normal relief situation exists.
Upland situations are generally found near the foot o f
hillocks whereas piedmont plains appear near the natural drainlines.
Middle land situations mostly exist in low and upland conditions.
1) rain age :
The general slope o f the command area has been observed
to be from east to west direction i.e.towards Rehan river. The major
area ot the command (59%) falls under very gently sloping class
iollowed by nearly levelled with 0-1 percent slope.
The main natural stream which collects the excess water
and drains out o f the command area is Rehar area. So main
perennial and seasonal nallah like Gobari, Gudghela, Sutiya, kanha.
Dulhi. Dhasan, Dagmala, Lohargar, Khairi and Anju, providing dentritic
drainage to the project area, merge into Rehar river.
Geology :
The geology of the project area resembles from Talchir
series of Gondwana System. It is mostly located in son and Mahanadi
\allev and belongs to upper carboniferous age. The Talchir series is
the lowest bed of this system. The component rocks o f this series
are green, laminated shales and sofl fine sandstone. The thickness
ranges from 90 to 120 mtr.
C limate :
The command area comes under subtropical subhumid
climate with three distinct seasons. Summer prevails from 15th
March to 15th June. Rainy season falls between 15th June and 15th
October, followed by winter upto 15th March. However, a long
transitional period is experienced between rainy season and winter
season between 15th September and 15th November, where the rains
are a lm o s t over but coldness is not experienced.
As regards to the rainfall is concerned, the commands area
is influenced by south west monsoon which starts from 15th June
and ends with the end o f September or with the beginning of
October. It is observed that about 75 percent annual rains are received
during the rainy season i.e. between mid of June to end o f September.
Annual rainfall varies from 833.1 to 1782.8 mm. The average annual
rainfall o f 24 years is 1186.4 mm.
Maximum temperature varies from 23.4 to 39.7°C where as
m inimum temperature varies from 8.1 to 24.8°C. May is the hottest
and December is the coolest month o f the year. The mean annual
temperature is 23.5"C.
Annual rainfall varies from 833.1 to 1782.8 mm. The
average rainfall o f 24 years is 1186.4 mm.
Table No. 2.1
Temperature and R a in fa ll data based on observations from
1968 to 1999
M onth Temperature (in °C) Average R a in fa ll
M ax im um M in im um (in mm .)
Jaii. 23 8.6 16.1 9.3
Feb. 26 11.4 18.7 7.9
March 31.8 15.9 23.8 4.9
April 36.9 21.1 29.0 1.4
Ma% 39.7 24.4 32.0 4.0June 25.2 24.8 25.0 178.4
July 29.7 23.0 26.3 397.9
August 29.4 2"> 9 26.1 327.8
Sept. 30.0 21.8 25.9 199.8
Octo. 29.9 18.3 24.1 40.4
Nov. 26.6 12.0 19.3 9.7
Dec. 23.4 8.1 15.8 4.9
Range 23.4 to 39.7 8.1 to 24.8 15.8 to 32.8
23.5 (Average)
1186.4
(Total)
Source : Central Meteorological station. Baikunthpur.
FIG : 2.2. O M B R O T H E R M IC D IA G R A M (1968-1999)
(M E T E O R O L O G IC A L STATION-BA1KUNTHPUR)
D1STT. S U R G U JA , M.P.
- 28"T2
24 5
5.
20 t rn
16 0
12
8
0
MONTHS
INDEX
RAIN FALL
----- MAXIMUM TEMP.
MINIMUM TEMP.
AVERAGE TEMP.
WET PERIOD
FT— DRY PERIOD
STUDY O F PED O N S O IL S
The whole project area (37000 ha) was divided in to 101
grids o f constant area where each grid represented approximately
370 ha. Surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from all the
grids according to the textural variations observed during traversing
. The angur bore was taken from each subgrid where the profiles
were studied at the representative augur bore site.
M O R P H O L O G IC A L C H A R A C T E R IS T IC S :
1. Soil C o lour :
The colour o f soils o f Rehar basin irrigation project area
greatly varies from one soil pedon to other. Light yellowish brown
colour was observed in surface soils o f Basdai, Kusmusi, Pasla and
Sonpur in dry. However, it ranged from yellowish brown to light
yellowish brown in moist conditions. The lower layers were observed
mostly from yellowish brown to light yellowish brown and brown.
2. Soil Structure :
Soil structure refers to the aggregation o f individual or
primary' soil particles into larger or compound particles which are
separated from adjoining aggregates by surfaces o f weakness. Soil
pendons like Basdai, Bhaiyathan, Devnagar, Khargawan, Kurridih.
Kusm isi. M utk i. Pondi, Sonpur and V ishnupur shows, surface
[26]
structure as granular to weak fine sub-angular blocky indicating light
textured soils with good permeability. Kalyanpur, Laduwa, Manpur,
Pampapur and Sapkara soil pedons mostly with moderate medium
block> structure on their surfaces shows the presence o f Moderate
medium to moderate coarse angular blocky structure.
3. Soil Consistency :
Consistency o f surface soils o f Basdai, Bhaiyathan,
Devnagar, khargawan, Kurridih, and Mutki is loose, very friable and
non-sticky and non-plastic in dry. Moist and wet conditions
respectively.
In sub-soils the consistency changes from dry soft to dry
slentls hard and dry hard. In case of Kalyanpur, Mani and Pasla, it
is dry slightly hard. In Manpur, Pampapur, Sapkara, Tenduwa and
Tilsiwa. soil consistency in dry condition has been found hard,
h o w e v e r , in case of laduwa it is very hard, very firm and very
sticky and plastic in all the three moisture conditions.
P H Y S IC A L C H A R A C T E R IS T IC S :
1. Particic size :
Coarse fragments having size 2 or more than 2 mm diameter
are regarded as a part of soil mass which influence moisture storage,
int'iIteration and run-off. They also intluence root growth especial!)
through the dillution o f the mass o f active soil, coarse fractions are
found to exist in almost all the pedons o f Rehar basin irrigatioin
project area.
2. W ater H old ing capacity :
Moisture holding capacity in soils o f Rehar basin irrigation
project area varies from 20.2 to 50.4% with an average value o f
34.99%. As it is well know'n that this property is chiefly governed
by the amount o f clay content, its mineralogical composition and
the dominant cations associated with it, the value above 50 percent
indicates about the characteristics o f black soils.
The average value o f water holding capacity ranging from
25.12 percent (Bhaiyathan) to 48.18 percent (Laduwa) indicates about
the characteristics o f loam, alluvial and red soils.
C H E M IC A L C H A R A C T E R IS T IC S :
The horizon-wise samples o f each soil pedon were analysed
tor various chemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity,
C a C 0 3. O rgan ic carbon , cation exchange capac ity (C E C ),
exchangeable cations and available nutrients and the results .are
presented in the following pages.
Soil pH
The pedonwise soil pH are represented in table 10. An
overall range of pH in soils o f Rehar Basin irrigation project area
was observed from 5.5 (strongly acid) to 7.3 (neutral) with a mean
value o f 6.36 (slightly acid). Considering the soil pH catergories
(Soil Survey Staff, 1951) [2], the suitable range for optimum crop
production is from 6.5 (slightly acid) to 7.5 (Slightly alkaline) below
which acid soils prevail.
Information about soil reaction is necessary to determine
lim iting needs and fertiliser responses. pH values make it possible
to infer many o f the chamical processes that have taken place in the
genesis o f the soil, (Buol et al., 1980) [27]. It plays an important
role in grouping soils into normal and problematic classes and helps
in identifying the role o f climate and topography.
Soil pH was determined in 1 : 2 soil : water suspension
(Govindrajan, 1970) [9].
E L E C T R IC A L C O N D U C T IV IT Y :
Salinity refers to the content o f readily soluble salts and
common means o f measuring it, is the measure o f electrical
conductivity (EC). Strictly speaking, a soil is considered saline if
the electrical conductivity exceeds 4 dSnr1 in its saturation extract
or 1 dSm '1 in 1 : 2 soil water ratio (Govindarajan, 1970).
t he electrical conductiv ity o f soils o f Rehar Basin
command area ranges from 0.20 to 0.62 dSnv1 with an average o f
0.32 dSm 1 . Thus none o f the soil pedon has the electrical
conductivity exceeding 1 dSnv1.
Electrical conductivity was measured in 1 : 2 soil water
suspension by Elico Conductivity meter.
C A L C IU M C A R B O N A T E :
The presence o f calcium carbonate plays an important role
in determining the base status, pH, Total soluble salts and drainage
conditions. The term calcification is explained as it is the process
o f precipitation and accumulation o f calcium carbonate in some part
o f the pedon.
Calcium carbonate in soils o f the project area ranges from
nil to 2.5 percent with an average value o f 0.38 percent.
C a C 0 3 was determined by rapid titration procedure as
described by Piper (1966) [8].
Organ ic C arbon :
Organic carbon content o f various horizons is a useful
indication o f the extent o f accumulatioin o f organic matter under
differing environmental conditions which reflects the effect o f
vegetation in soil genesis.
T A B L E N O . 2 . 2
Physical and Chemical Properti d ; of soil peclons of Rehar Basin.
F o r i : r r r - p t b f ^ l k F a r t i c J e f f : j s c : e•
r “ C j C J : r -1 r r c *v {/ c j t i c j s ( c i o ! ! ? ' U r 1 !
d e j s i t y d e n s i t y fc c J d ; e q ( 1 : 2 . 5 1 ' 1 1 : 2 . 5 ) (\) ( \i ( C t ■ j 1 J J 5 6
! ^ g .* J r r C - 1) c a ; r : ’ y ( d 3 r ‘ ! ( f ) C a " w f a ' K a ' h i o ' t .1 ! r ’ i t i r t
! M c a ’. i o i s m
11I 3 i 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 14 15 1 6
t i m - I V ] i j a g e - . d a j ( J 3 - M
I n 0 - 1 5 1 . 7 . 6 3 1 . 3 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 3 7 8 . 5 4 . 4 1 . 2 0 . 4 0 . 1 6 . 1 7 1 . 8
i n 1 5 - 3 0 1 . 7 . 6 3 4 . 5 6 . 4 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 1 9 . 5 5 . 2 1 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2 6 . 9 7 2 . 6
m ; 0 - ( . 0 ! . J . 5 3 3 . 6 5 J * ! 0 . 0 0 . 2 4 ■ . 0 5 . 1 1 , 0 0 . 2 0 . 0 S . 4 7 1 . 1
. ■ c o - i : : ! . 8 . 7 3 3 . 7 6 . 2 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 0 5 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 3 0 . 1 ‘ . 9 6 9 . 1
r i i i ' i ' - : ■ 1 . 9 . 7 3 2 . 5 6 . 2 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 5 : 9 1 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 2 7 . 4 7 0 . 0
T o t a l 8 . 9 1 3 . 1 i e s . f 3 0 . 6 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 . 2 6 < 7 . 5 2 5 . 7 5 . 9 1 . 5 0 . 6 3 3 . 7 3 5 4 . 6
h ? : ’ fye 1 . 7 8 . 6 2 3 3 . 1 2 6 . 1 2 0 . 3 5 0 , 0 0 . 2 5 9 . 5 0 5 . 1 4 1 . 1 8 0 . 3 0 0 . 1 2 6 . 7 4 7 0 . 9
f E 5 : K - 2 V i l l a g e - P.! . ; j L i 3 E 13 - H )
1 ?r • ; 1 . 6 . 7 2 7 . 0 6 . 3 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 7 . 5 3 . 2 1 . 3 0 . 5 0 . 2 5 . 2 6 9 . 3
>.12 1 5 - 6 1 1 . 6 . 7 1 6 . 5 6 . 2 0 . 2 ? 0 . 0 0 30 1 , J 3 . 5 1 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 2 5 . 0 6 6 . 6
113 6 ! - 6 5 ! f ] j s , 5 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 1 3 5 . 0 4 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 3 0 . 1 5 . 9 7 3 . 3
' j i . ; " • 1 ! ! 2 3 . 0 6 . 5,*i f 0 . 0 0 . 2 0 7 . 0 3 . 0 1 . : 0 . 2 0 . 2 4 . 9 7 0 . 0
r ; ' ^ . 1 t l . o C 2 0 . 1fl * V . v 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 3 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 1 2 . 2 6 2 . 8
» - . 1I . U l > . 6 1 3 . 6 1 2 5 . 6 3 1 . 4 1 . 5 5 0 . 0 1 . 2 1 3 3 . 5 1 4 . 7 6 . 3 1 . 4 0 . 8 3 3 . 2 3 4 2 . 0
1 . 7 2 ■: 1 . ) I 2 5 . 1 1 . 6 . 1 ! 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 . 2 4 6 , 7 0 2 . 5 4 1 . 2 6 C . 2 S 0 . 1 6 4 . 6 4 6 8 . 4
f'.'C'i' - 3 V i l l a j e - f1 c v 1 2 5 a r ( 5 <->
if' - i i i t . 1 3 0 . 7 6 . 0 ft u
V , I J 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 7 . 0 ' ( . 0 0 . ! 0 . 4 0 . 0 5 . 2 ‘ 4 . 3
f i l l 1 . 7 . 1 3 2 . 5 U r. c, 0 . 0A ;
1 1 . 5 6 . 3 1 . 5 0 . 4 0 . 1 5 1 7 2 . 2
26 - 4 9 1 . 6 ( i l ‘ f ; c . n 0 . 0 A 1V . 41 1 * 1 i , J 7 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 3 0 . 1 8 . 9 7 4 . 2
i ; - ;; 1 . 6 J 3 4 . 5 f . ;> 0 ’ 8 0 . 5 0 . 1 2 1 2 . 0 7 . 0 2 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 0 9 . 4 7 8 . 3
r] i i 7 : 1 ' ( J i • . £ n • i : 0 . 0 O . ’ O 1 3 . 0 ! . C 2 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 ! . . 4
i i i . S . : * K 1 0 . 0 A ;1 0 . 5 ; p t 1 . 0
f! 1 V . L 0 . 1 7 . 5 : 4 . 3
I •' ^ i ] * . 4 . 1 3 6 . 1* 1 I f 1 * 6 5 . 0 ■i ? ; * * *1 *1 0 . 3 4 9 . 9 4 5 2 . 5
i . f ( ■j 11 '( A ^0 . 0 C : 1 . 0 6 . 4 7 1 . 4 6 f: * \ 0 . 0 5 i i; ■5 . 4
P U O I - 4 T i l l a g e - l a i y a i n r ( 6 4 - F l
ip 0 - U 1 . 5 2 . 4 2 5 . 7 6 . 6 0 . 3 5 1 . 0 0 . 7 5 2 2 . 5 1 6 . 5 2 . 0 { . 6 0 . 2 1 5 . 3 8 5 . 811 1 1 - 2 5 1 . 5 2 . 4 2 7 . 6 6 . ! 0 . 3 1 1 . 0 ( . 7 6 2 3 . 0 1 6 . 0 3 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 2 1 5 . 6 8 5 . 2121 2 5 - 6 5 l i 2 . 5 4 3 . ! 7 . 0 f . 5 6 1 . 5 t : i
i . .■ > 2 5 . 0 l i . 0 3 . 0 0 . 5 0 . 3 2 1 . 8 8 7 . 212 1 t S - 1 26 1 .fc 2 . 6 4 7 . 2 7 . 0 0 . 6 2 1 . 5 0 . 5 6 2 1 . 5 n . o 2 . 5 0. 5 0 . 2 2 1 . 2 It. 51 2 3 1 2 6 - 1 1 0 1 . 6 2 . 6 4 3 . 4 6 . 7 0 . 5 7 2 . 5 t . j * 2 i . l 1 6 . 5 3 . 0 0. 4 0 . 2 1 5 . 6 8 5 . 5C 1 1 0 - 2 2 0 1. 7 2. 7 4 2 . 2 6 . 3 0 . 5 3 2. 5 c.-;; 2 0 . 0 1 4 . 0 3 . 0 0 . 4 0 , 3 1 7 . 7 i i . 5
T c t J l 5 . 5 1 5 . 2 2 3 3 . 5 4 0 . 4 2 . 9 5 1 0 . 0 3 . 3 ? 1 3 6 . 4 5 8 . 0 1 6 . 5 2 . 8 1 . 4 1 1 9 . 2 52 3 .1
I t e r a ge 1 . 5 1 2 . 5 3 3 1 . 1 1 6 . 7 3 0 . 4 9 1 . 6 6 0 . 5 6 2 2 . i d 1 6 . 3 3 2 . 7 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 3 1 9 . 7 8 7 . 2
M W I - 5 t i l l a g e - I l a r g a v a i ( 3 1 - C )
»P 0 - 2 1 1 . 6 2 . 6 2 7 . 4 6 . 3 0 . 2 ! 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 6 . 3 3 . 5 0 . 5 0 . 4 0.1 4 . 5 6 6 , 211 2 1 - 4 5 1 . 7 2 . 6 3 2 . { 6 . 3 C . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 2 0 7 . 0 3 . 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 0. 1 4 . 4 6 2 . 81121 < 5 - 1 1 1 . 7 2 . 7 3 3 . 6 6 . 2 0 , 1 ! 0 . 0 { . 2 0 5 . 5 4 . 0 J . 5 0 . 4 0 , 0 5 . ? 6 2 . 11 1 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 1 n 2 . 6 3 5 . 1 5 . 1 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 0 3 . 9 2 . 0 0 , 4 0 . 0 6 . 3 6 3 . 0C 1 1 1 - 1 5 0 1 . 8 2 . 8 3 5 . 0 6 . 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 1 5 5 . 5 4 . 7 1 . 5 0.1 0 . 0 6 . 3 6 6 . 3
T e l a i 8 . 4 1 3 . 3 1 6 3 . 7 3 0 . 6 1 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 . 1 8 4 2 . 8 1 5 . 6 6 . 0 1 . 6 0 . 2 2 7 . 4 3 2 0 , 4
i m a g e 1 . 6 8 2 . 6 6 3 2 . 7 4 6 . 1 2 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 , 2 3 8 . 5 6 3 . 5 2 1 . 2 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 4 5 . 4 ! C l . i
fEDOIf - [ t r r i d i k ( 1 C - P )
ip v ✓ 1.7 2 . 5 2 3 . 3 6.1 0 . 3 S 0 . 0 0 . 5 4 8. 5 4 . 0 1 , 5 0 . 3 0 , 0 5 . 8 6 5 , 2H 2 1 1 5 - 4 8 1 . 7 2 . 5 2 6 . 3 6 . 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 0 1 C . 5 4 . 5 1 . 5 0 . 2 0 , 0 6 . 3 if .0tt22 4 H I 1 . 6 2 . 6 3 6 . 3 6 . 2 0 . 3 5 o . c 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 7 5 . ! 2 , 0 0 , 3 0.1 8 . 2 76. tu u * i- -! 4: 1 . 7 2 . 6 3 6 . 5 6 . 3 6 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 , 3 7 ; : . 6 5 . 9 3 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 2 5 . 4 54 . 6C u c - : c : l . S 2 . 7 3 5 , 2 6.1 0 . 3 5 0 , 0 0 . 1 6 1 2 . 0 7 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 4 C . O 1 . 5 7 ! . ’
T c t i i 1 . 5 i: .9 1 6 2 , 0 3 0 . 5 1 . 5 6 o . c l . S ? 5 4 . 3 2 7 . 2 5 . 5 1 . 5 0 . 4 3 8 . 6 ^ ; i t J J 4 J
i n ; j $ e * i . !*> : . 5 J 3 2 . 4 0 6 . 1 ! 0 . 3 1 c c 0 . 3 ) i : , n 5 . 4 4 1 . 5 0 0 . 3 0
1* AfV . v v
* * r, I '■
k w i - 7 J i l l j g e - I t s m i ( 11 - £ i
I 0 - 1 6 1 . 1 2 . 6 J ' . l 6 , 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 5 . 3 5 1 0 . 5 6 . 2 1 . 0 5 . 4 0 . 1 7 . 7 7 3 . 3
1 1 2 1 6 - 2 3 1 . 7 2 . 6 2 4 . 2 6 . 0 5 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 , 2 0 5 . 4 6 . 0 1 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 1 7 . 5 7 5 . 5
m 2 3 - 3 5 1 . 7 2 . 7 6 . 4 5 . 2 ! 0 . 5 0 . 3 4 9 . 5 6 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 4 0 . 2 5 . 1 1 2 . 6
1 1 4 3 8 - 1 5 1 . 7 2 . 7 2 5 . * 6 . 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 0 5 . 5 2 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 2 . 5 . 0 5 0 . 5
1C 1 0 - 1 1 0 1 . 5 2 . 7 3 3 . 5 6 . 5 t . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 3 4 1 2 . 5 7 . 2 3 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 3 1 0 . i 5 6 . 4
1 1 0 - 1 6 4 l . i 2 . 8 3 4 . 3 6 . 5 5 . 2 4 1 . 0 0 . 1 2 5 . 4 5 . 0 1 . 2 0 . 4 0 . 3 6 , 9 1 2 . 1
T o t i l 1 0 . 5 1 6 . 1 i n . : 3 7 . 1 1 . 7 ! 2 . 5 1 . 6 4 6 0 . 6 3 5 . 9 9 . 7 2 . 2 1 . 2 4 9 . 0 4 1 4 . 2
i t e r j g e 1 . 7 5 2 . 6 5 3 1 . 1 6 6 . 3 0 C . 2 9 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 7 1 0 . 1 0 5 . 9 5 1 . 6 1 0 . 3 6 0 . 2 0 5 . 1 6 5 0 . 7
P t S G l - ! V i l l a g e - U d t u ( 6 3 - E l
i P 0 - 2 0 1 . 1 2 . 5 5 0 . 4 6 . 1 S . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 4 7 1 1 . 1 1 1 . 0 3 . 5 5 . 5 0 . 2 1 5 . 5 5 2 . 4
1 1 J 2 0 - 6 7 1 . 5 2 . 6 4 1 . 6 6 . 9 5 . 2 ! 1 . 0 0 . 4 2 2 5 . 0 1 1 . 5 3 . 5 0 . 7 0 . 3 1 6 . 0 1 5 . 0
1 21 6 7 - 1 3 7 1 . 5 2 . 6 4 4 . i 7 . 0 5 . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 3 7 2 2 . 0 1 3 . 0 4 . 5 0 . 7 0 . 3 1 8 . 5 5 4 . 1
m 1 3 7 - 1 7 2 1 . 5 2 . 5 4 1 . 5 6 , 7 5 . 2 ! 2 . 0 0 . 0 6 2 2 . 8 1 4 . 0 5 . 0 0 . 5 0 . 2 1 9 . 7 8 9 . 5
c 1 7 3 - 2 1 4 1 . 6 2 . 7 4 ! . 4 6 . 6 5 . 3 5 2 . 5 0 . 0 7 2 J . 0 1 2 . 0 6 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 3 1 8 . 7 5 9 . 0
T c t i J 7 . 5 1 2 . 9 2 4 C . ' 3 4 . 0 1 . 5 5 i ti . J 1 . 3 5 1 0 3 . 5 6 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 . 1 1 . 3 5 ! , 4 4 2 5 , 5
i T e r J 5 « 1 . 5 0 2 . 5 5 4 1 . 1 4 6 . 1 t . 31 1 . 5 0 0 . 2 ! 2 0 . 7 6 1 2 . 3 0 4 . 5 0 0 . 6 2 0 . 2 6 1 7 . 6 5 5 5 . 0
P E M S - 5 V ) i 1 i ; e - K a i - i )
i p 0 - 1 3 1 . 5 2 . 5 2 5 . 1 c t, 5 . 2 4 C . C C . 4 5 5 , 0 1 , 2 c . e 0 . 1 6 , 5 t 5 . 3
512 1 1 3 - 3 7 ! < i . J 2 . 7 2 1 . £ 6 . 0 0 . 4 : A t V v C . 2 I 1 1 . 5 6 . 0 1 . 2 0 , 6 0 . 1 7 , 9 6 6 , 5
1 1 2 3 3 7 - 1 1 . 7 2 . 6 2 5 . : 6 . 2♦ ) *V . v » c . e 0 . 5 5 . » . J 6 . 0 1 , 2 0 . 4 0 , 0 7 , 6 6 0 . 5
1 1 2 3 I C i - I S C 1 . 7 2 . 6 3 5 . 6 5 , 6 5 , 2 " 0 , 0 0 . 0 7 ’ ( r, ; * . v 7 . 5 2 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 0 9 . S 6 6 . 0
C 1 5 0 - 2 1 0 1 . 1 2 . 7 2 6 , 0 6 . 0 t . 3 4 o . c 0 . 0 5 5 . 5 5 . 0 2 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 0 7 . 4 7 7 . S
l o t i i 1 . 3 1 1 . 1 1 4 3 . 6 2 5 . 3 1 , 5 5 t . c 0 . 9 1 5 1 . 5 2 9 , 5 7 . 6 2 . 4 0 . 2 3 5 . 7 3 4 0 . 9
i T e r j q e 1 . 6 4 2 , 6 2 2 ! , ' : 5 . 1 6 5 . : : C . C 6 . 1 5 ' • n 5 . 5 0 1 . 5 0 0 . 4 5 C . C 4 7 . 9 4 6 5 . 2
] ii 3 4 5 6 1 1 5 1 (•. i V 11 12 13 14 15 K
FEDOI - ]0 YiJ J a g e - Ratpsr (20-!)
if 0-15 1.5 2.5 31.1 6,4 0.45 0.0 0.49 21,4 13.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 21.3 11.7
112 15-35 1.5 2.6 31.7 6.5 0.41 0.5 0.35 27,2 14.0 6.5 0,1 0.0 21.2 11.5
121 35-60 1.5 2.6 31.5 6.3 0.21 0.0 0.26 26.5 14.0 6,4 0.4 0.0 20,1 11.5
i n 60-96 1.5 2.6 35.0 6.4 0.30 0.0 0.30 25.0 13.0 6,4 0.5 0,0 19.9 19,6
c 96-165 1.6 2.1 33.1 6.2 0,31 0.5 0,25 24.2 11.5 6.0 0.4 0.0 11.9 13.9
Total U 13.0 112.1 3 1 . i 1.12 0.5 1.66 130.3 66. 0 32.3 2,1 0,1 101.1 317.6
i?e r a ? e 1.52 2.60 36.54 6.36 0.36 0.1 0.33 26.00 13 , 2 0 6.46 0,54 0 .02 20.22 11.5
F£JO* - 11 Village - Hotli (Ifll-P)
iP 0-15 1.6 2.4 2 4.9 6.0 0,24 0.0 0.53 1.5 3.0 1.5 0,5 0.1 5.1 60.0
U 15-40 1.6 2.6 30.1 6.0 0.53 0.0 0.24 J.5 3,0 1.1 0.J 0.1 5.2 61.2
1121 40-15 1.4 2.5 31.0 6.5 0.54 0.5 0.24 12.0 5.5 2.0 0.3 0.2 U 66.1
1122 15-130 1.1 2.1 34.6 6.0 0.24 0.0 0.15 1 1 . J 4,5 3.0 0,3 0.0 7.1 66,1
C 1 36-110 1.9 2.J 34,2 6.0 0.34 0,0 0.11 10.5 4.5 2.5 0,2 0.0 7.2 6!.6
Total 1.4 13.0 162.6 30.5 1 .19 0.5 1.3! 51.3 20,5 10.! 1.6 0,4 3 3,3 - 322.6
ireraqe 1.6! 2.6 32.52 6.10 0.31 0.10 0.21 10.26 4.10 1.16 0.32 0.CJ 6.6 6 64,5
m o r - 12 Tillage - f a i p a p i r (75-11
ip M l 1.5 2.5 45.6 1.2 0.34 i.e 0.10 25.0 1 3.0 5.0 0.8 0.2 1 9.0 76,0
n : 17-55 1.5 2.6 43,6 1.2 0,25 1.5 0.6! 23.5 13. 0 4.5 0.1 0.2 1J.5 71.7
12] 55-113 1.6 2.5 45.4 1.2 0.35 1.0 0.35 24.0 12,0 5,0 0.6 0.3 11,9 14.6
!)! 111-146 1.1 2.1 42.3 1.3 0.35 1.5 0.2! 26,5 14. 0 6.0 0,6 0.3 20.9 71.9
t] 146 - 2 0 0 1.6 2.1 41.2 1.0 0.21 1.5 0.26 23.0 1 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 11.6 IC.J
c: 2 50 - 2 4 0 1.1 2.1 40,5 6,9 0,34 2.5 0.01 M /* > . 7 1 1. 0 6.5 0,5 0,4 18.4 12.1
Total 5.6 15.5 2 5 9.0 42.1 1.11 9,0 2,31 144.4 K . O 34.0 3.1 1.6 113.3 471,1
l u r m 1.60 2.65 43,16 7.13 0.30 1.55 0.15 24.06 1 2 . JJ 5.67 0.61 0.26 U . U 71.5
1 t 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
PEDCI - ! j ?i]Ja?e - Pisli (46-E)
iP 0-15 1.6 2.4 25.4 6.0 0.24 0.0 C.52 12.5 6.0 1.2 C.4 0.1 7.7 61.6
i n 15-55 1.7 2.5 31.1 6.0 0.2S c.o 0.23 12.5 5.5 1.3 0.1 0.1 1.1 61.6
m 55-105 1.1 2.5 35.5 6.0 0.30 0.0 0.12 1 2.0 5.5 1.4 0.8 0.1 7.8 6 5 . C
Cl 1 05-140 1.9 2.7 33.6 5.6 0.34 0.0 0.16 10.2 3.0 2.0 0,4 0.8 5.4 52.9
ci 1 40-1*0 1.9 2.7 33.0 5.7 0.32 0,0 0.14 9.1 3.0 2,0 0.4 0.0 5.5 56.1
Toll! 1.9 1 2 . i 15 9 . 3 29.3 1 .49 0.0 1.17 5 7.0 23.0 7.9 2.8 0.3 34.1 297.2
l w i ? e 1.78 2.56 31.16 5.16 0.29 0.0 0.23 11.40 4.60 1.58 0.56 0.06 6.82 59.4
P£DOf - 14 Ti 1 ii§e - Pondi ( 5 2 -F)
ip :-20 1.6 2.6 31.1 6.4 0.34 0.0 0.66 7.5 4.0 1.0 0,4 0.1 5.5 73.3
BtJl 20-10 1.6 2.7 34.6 6.5 0.2! 0.5 0.36 10,5 6,0 1.1 0.5 0.1 1.1 73.3
1122 70-127 1.6 2.6 30.5 6.5 0.30 0.0 0.30 1 2.0 6.5 1.2 0.4 0,2 8.3 69,2
tui 127-156 1.7 2.5 30.0 6.J 0.45 0.1 9.43 i e .2 5.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 7.4 ,7 2 . 5
EC 150-180 1.1 2.7 25.1 6.7 0.21 M 0,21 10.0 5.5 1.5 0.3 0.1 7,4 74.0
f : U l 8.3 n.i 15 2 . 0 32.9 1.51 0.6 1.53 50.2 27.5 6.0 2,0 0.8 36,3 36 2.3
lteraqe 1.66 2.62 30,40 6.58 0.31 0.12 0.38 10.04 5,50 1.20 0.40 0.16 7,26 72.5
PEDOI - 1: Tiliice - Sifbri (92-C)
iP !-lt 1.6 2.5 36,4 5.8 0.27 0.0 0.65 15.0 6.0 3.0 0 J 0,0 9.8 65.3
1121 ; c - 7 C i 1 j . 1 2.5 43.3 6.0 0.34 0,0 0.57 18.5 8.0 3.4 0,7 0.0 12.1 65.4
it;: 'C-I16 1.7 2.7 45.9 6.1 0.21 O.C 0.6] 18.0 8.0 3.5 0,4 0.1 12.0 66.7
LU; \2.7 37.9 6.1 0.24 0.0 0.1! 17.4 7.5 3,5 0.4 0.1 11.5 66.1
!C • •; * v ... * j V 1.5 2.8 42.2 5,5 0.34 0.0 f «; W . » J 13,0 7.0 1.5 0.4 O.C 8.9 6!. 5
•»• v ; {.6 13.2 205,7 29.5 1.47 0.0 * *> * . i 4 81.9 36.5 14.9 2.7 0.2 54.3 3 3 2. C
4 ■ i » 2.64 41.14 5. SC 0.25 0,0 '.45 16.3! 7,30 2.9! 0,54 0.04 1C.{6 66,4
3 4 i ; ! s i ; H i : ; : h l : J
F E W I - 16 Tillage - S l i r p m a d H a g a r ( 3 H )
iP 0-15 1.7 2.5 3C.2 6.0 0.35 C.C 0.62 I t . 5 6.5 1.5 r t c.; 10.6 n . ;
ill 15-50 1.7 2.5 43.6 6,0 0.2! 0,0 0.54 17.0 8.0 2.C 0,5 0.1 10,6 62.3
Cl] 50-90 1.7 2.9 33.1 6,0 0.24 C.C 0.34 1C.5 5.0 2,0 0.4 0.1 7,6 72,4
C12 >0-131 1.8 2,7 42.5 6,2 0.25 e.e i* ' v . Ji 11.0 5.5 2.0 n iw , J 0.2 8.0 72,7
C2 131-155 1.5 2 J 35,4 6.2 0.25 0.0 C. 30 t.5 4.0 2.0 0.3 0.2 6.5 76,4
Total S.! 13.4 lil.i 30.4 1.37 0,0 « * 4 • * 63.5 31.0 9.5 2.0 0.8 42.! 34!.0
i m a g e 1.76 2.6! 37.76 6.0! 0.27 0.00 0.42 12.70 6 .20 1.90 0.40 0.16 8.56 69.6
PEDOI - 17 Tillage - Sonpur (20-iJ
if 0-20 1.6 2.6 28.5 6.4 0.34 0.0 0.5! 12.0 6.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 8.4 70,0
1121 ;c-£i 1.6 2.6 32.2 6.2 0.34 o.c O . C 16.5 8.6 2.0 0.4 0,1 11,1 67,3
B t H 61-101 1.1 2.6 26.2 6.6 0,24 1.0 0.42 14.0 6.5 2.! 0.4 0.1 9,8 70,0
1C ici-nc 1.7 2.7 2!. 1 6.6 0.25 1.0 /*' V v , * 14.0 6.5 2,5 0,5 C J 9.8 70.0
c J U > j v 1.8 2.7 25.0 6.5 0.33 C.C 0 . U 12.0 5.0 3.0 0.4 0 J 8.7 12,5
Total 8.5 13.2 140. C 32.3 1.50 ’ * 1.!! 6!.5 33.1 11.5 2.2 1.0 47.! 3 49,!
i u : a < e 1.70 2.64 2?. 00 6.46 C.30 0.4 * VV , J ! 70 6,62 2.30 0.44 0.20 S . 56 65,5
PEDOK - 1! Tillage - T esdsxa (4 -El
ip 0-30 -.4 2.7 44.8 7.2 0.24 0.5 0.64 25.5 15.0 3.5 C. i 0.2 23.4
112 3 0 -tC . . J 2.7 36.6 7.0 0.38 0.5 i.35 *; * 15.0 3,5 0.6 0.3 23.4 50,5
121 8C-12C M 2.6 3!.6 7.0 0.27 1.0 0.4" i i . * 19.5 3.5 0.4 0 J * * "4 . • 1 51,2
{22 I J O - M i ■ ) 2.6 43.5 7.0 A « «V . * V 1.0 »« . « • V . V 2 2 . C 3.C 0.4 0 J 23,7 85,4
C 145-18C . • v 2.? 2!.5 6.8 0.34 2.CA « /* ; i . 5 17.5 3.0 0.3 0.4 *11 •- 4 i ■ * a.)
Total :.< 13.4 192. J 35. C ’.41 5,0< * • M '■ 57.0 16.5 2.4 J ■ j . < (51.6
i m a g e i .41 2.68 3!,56 7.0C 0,2! l.CC »« • * 15.40 3.30 C.4£A 1 ft t , J W 2 3 . 1! 50,.'
PE D O I - 19 V i l l a g e - T i l s i v a (69-1)
IP 0-14 1.1 2.6 35.5 • j 0.2! 0.0 0.50 14.5 8.0 3.5 0.6 C.l ] 11 1
112 1 4 - 5 3 l.i 2.6 3}.5 7.1 0.3 5 0.0 0.37 14.5 8.0 3.4 0.6 0.3 12.2 ;
113 53-93 1.1 2.5 43.6 t.3 0.2? 0.0 0.1! 15.0 8.5 3.5 0.7 0.! I'-.t
Cl 9 3 - 1 3 0 1.9 3.7 43.3 6.: 0.35 0.0 0.23 12.0 6 . 0 3.0 0.1 0.2
C2 1 3 0 - 3 0 0 1.9 2.! 41.4 7.1 0.2! 1.0 0.13 10.5 6.0 2.0 0.4 0.3 6.7 -
Total 9.1 13.2 20 1 . 3 33. i 1.5 4 1.0 1.40 66.5 36. 5 15.4 3.1 0.9 55.9
i m a g e 1.83 2.64 40.26 6.:: 0.31 0.20 0.2! 13 . 3 0 7 . 3 0 3.0! 0.61 0.18 11.1!
FEDOI - 30 V i l l a g e - fistiiipsr (65-ffj
IP 0-12 1.7 2.4 27.3 6.3 0.2 8 0.0 0.60 9.1 4.0 2.0 0.7 0.2 6.9 6 9 . i
BL21 12-3* 1.7 2.6 35.6 6.3 0 . 3 4 0.0 0.60 12.7 6.5 2.0 0.7 0.2 9.4 7'.0
j u : 31-51 1.7 2.6 36.2 6.5 C.2 8 0.0 0.52 15.0 7.0 3.5 0.6 0.2 11.3 75.3
U 2 3 51-145 1.7 2.6 41.3 6.6 0.35 0.0 0.35 15.0 7.0 3.5 0.6 0.3 11.4 76.0
C 1 4 5 - 1 9 0 l.i 2.7 30.4 6.7 0 .29 1.0 0.22 12.2 6.0 3.0 0.4 0.3 9.7 75.5
Total 1.6 12.9 170.7 32.4 1.54 1.0 2.32 64.7 30.5 1 4 . 0 3.0 1.2 4J.7 374.2
i v e r a g e 1.72 2.51 14.14 6.41 0,31 0.2 0 0 .46 12 . 9 4 6 .10 2 . »0 0.60 8 .2 4 9.74 74.5
Data presented in Table No. 2.2 indicate, that the organic
carbon ranges from 0.06 to 0.79 percent with a mean value o f 0.33
percent. This shows that all the soil pedons o f the basin were
found to contain higher amounts o f organic carbon on surfaces than
in their lower horizons. The high amount of the organic carbon in
surface layers might be due to maximum root activity which is a
place of high activity o f biomass as well as natural and manual
addition o f fresh or partly decomposed organic matter in the form
o f manures and crop residues (Gupta, 1981) [14].
It was estimated by the colorimetric procedure. (Gupta
et al. 1975) [11],
A V A IL A B L E PLAN T N U T R IEN T S :
Available N :
Available N was determined by distillation o f soil with
0.32% K M n 0 4 and NaOH solutions and back titration with standard
H ,SQ 4 (Subbiah and Asija, 1956) [3].
Available P :
Available P was estimated using Bray solution II method
with the help of colorimeter after developing the blue colour throuth
SnCl, (Bray and Kurtz, 1945) [1],
Available K
Available K was analysed by extracting the soil with neutral
normal ammo-acetate and determining by using Flame Photometer.
(Muhr et al. 1965) [7],
STUDY O F SURFACE SO ILS :
C H E M IC A L P R O P E R T IE S :
(i) Soil pH :
The data o f the related soil pH o f surface soil samples
are given in the Table No 2.3 ahead. Soil pH o f the surface layers
o f the basin ranged from 5.1 (strongly acid) to 7.0 (neutral) with a
mean value o f 6.22 (sligtly acid) . The lower lim it o f pH was found
in Manpur while the upper lim it was seen in Pipara and Dumaria
villages.
(ii) Electrical conductivity :
The surface soil samples varied in electrical conductivity
from 0.10 to 0.68 dSnv1 with an average value o f 0.34 dSm° (Table
No. 2.3 ). The minimum and maximum values were found in Ramanuj
nagar and Neware Villages, respectively. In all the soils, the E.C.
values were quite normal.
(iii) Calcium carbonate :
C aC 0 3 in surface soils o f the area varied from Nil to 1%
with an average of 0.27% (Table No. 2.3 ) It has also been reported
that the soils showing C a C 0 3 to an extent o f 1% do not show
effervescence and hence are termed as non clacareous. On the basis
o f the above criterion, the surface soils o f the basin were found to
be non calcareous.
(iv) Organic carbon :
Surface soils o f the Rehar Basin Irrigation project area
ranged from 0.21 to 0.78% with a mean value o f 0.49%. The
minimum and maximum values o f organic carbon were found in
Biramtal and Dumaria surface soil samples, 53 soil samples were
seen in low, 43 in medium and in high categories o f organic carbon.
AVAILABLE PLANT NUTRIENTS :
Available Nitrogen :
Available nitrogen determined in surface soil samples varied
from 124 to 388 kg/ha, w'ith an average value o f 217.3 kg/ha. The
lowest value was found in Bharuhamuda and the highest value in
Manpur village o f the basin.
In all 82 soil samples were found low in available nitrogen
considering the standard ratine (below 250 ks/ha N). Rest 18 of the
[40]
m B L E NO. 2 . 3
Chemical P r o p e r t i e s and t h e a v a i l a b l e p l a n t n u t r i e n t s in sur face s o i l sample o f the p r o j e c t area.
J o . V i l l a g e G n d p H E C C a C O i O r g . C . A v a i l a b l e n u t r i e n t s ( k g h a ' 1 ) F e r t i l i t y C a t e g o r i e sHo. ( 1 : 2 ) ( 1 : 2 ) (*) (*)
d S r 1 K i t r o g e n P h o s p h o r u s P o t a s s i u a N i t r o g e n P h o s p h o r u s Po
10a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 J
1 G h o s a 2 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 5 9 2 3 8 1 4 . 1 2 5 6 L H K
i B h a i y a t b a n 3 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 4 1 1 8 2 7 . 6 2 5 0 L L HT a r k a 5 6 . 2 0 . 3 2 0 . 5 0 . 4 ! 1 9 6 7 . 1 2 5 5 L L KD a n c l : Xtiurd 6 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 2 2 1 5 4 6 . 7 2 6 5 L L KK e w a r a 6 5 . 6 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 2 7 1 5 4 6 . 2 2 6 0 L I Ki!ar k o t i 7 6 . 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 1 9 0 8 . 9 2 5 5 L L KB a d s a r a 9 6 . 3 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 5 1 7 0 5 . 4 2 0 6 L L L
8 X u r r i d i t 10 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 , 0 . 5 0 . 6 3 2 2 6 1 2 . 3 2 5 5 L H K9 JCusius: 11 6 . 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 6 2 2 2 4 6 . 7 2 5 5 L L K
10 G h a i i u h a n 13 6 . 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 4 7 1 9 4 1 3 . 7 2 5 5 L H K
11 S i r s i 12 6 . 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 9 . 4 2 6 5 L L K12 S u n d a r p u r 13 6 . 7 0 . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 4 1 1 8 2 7 . 3 2 5 5 L L H13 T e i a r a 18 6 . 3 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 7 . 8 2 6 0 L L K
14 K a r a u c d a j u d a 19 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 4 6 1 9 2 6 . 5 2 6 0 L L K15 S a n s a r p a r a 2 0 5 . 8 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 5 6 2 1 2 9 . 0 2 5 5 L L K16 S h i v p r a s a d Jiagar 20 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 1 9 0 8 . 3 2 0 0 L L L17 S o n p u r 20 6 . 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 3 4 1 6 8 7 . 3 2 1 0 L L fV15 B a n z a 21 6 . 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 3 3 1 6 6 1 1 . 8 2 1 5 L H L>15 S a r d a p a r a 21 6 . 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 6 1 7 2 9 . 1 2 2 0 I L L'20 C h c a c r p a r a 22 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 3 5 1 7 0 7 . 6 2 5 5 L L k21 C h a i a n 22 5 . 6 0 . 7 ! 0 . 0 0 . 4 0 1 8 0 7 . 0 2 5 5 L L K22 L o d h i i a 23 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 5 2 1 0 1 2 . 5 2 8 0 L H k23 C h o p a r 23 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 0 1 6 0 8 . 8 2 2 0 L L 'U A n j o t t u r d 2S 6 . 8 0 . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 2 2 1 4 4 6 . 5 2 7 0 L L V25
26P i p a r a 2 9 7 . 0 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 0 . 4 7 1 9 4 1 0 . 6 3 1 0 L K M
B iI a r c 30 6 . 2 0 . 2 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 2 1 6 4 5.1 2 6 5 L L w* < f u a r i a r d i t 30 6 . 2 C . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 4 1 1 8 2 1 1 . 1 1 6 5 L K L
il'i r
B c s s c p a r a 30 6 . 2 0 . 2 9 0 . 5 0 . 6 5 3 5 0 1 4 . 2 4 0 5 K Ht ?*/
)i a > a p a ’ a 11J j 6 . 7 0 , 5 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 0 1 6 0 5 . 9 2 7 5 L L *J V*) 1
d £ j > ^ . a i c d Jidca; 31 6 . C 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 5 1 7 0 5 . 3 2 0 5 L Iv, 1
E j r a i a . *} “ij u 6.1 fy 'i Z I . * J 0 . 0 0.2-1 142 5 . 2 2 6 0 L L t.•'i ^ i o r g c > a ^ *) ",
J i 6 . 5 C . 3 C 0 . 0 0 . 3 C 1 5 0 8 . 5 2 0 8 L L
* /J h a n s ; 33 6 . 8 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 . 7 6 3 5 2 1 7 . 0 3 8 7 K K k
£ a s c a ; 33 6 . 5 0 . 3 4 ' f! J . 1 0 . 3 6 17 2 7.1 2 5 5 I L *j j
O n c t a c i t 34 5 . 5 0 . 3 0 C \ C 0 . 6 2 2 2 4 ' 8 . 5 2 7 0 L LJv i s i r p c r e 35 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 j . I1 0 . 4 6 1 5 2 1 3 . 3 2 1 0 L K
^ c i p ^ r
f i : i : p a : a
35 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 f. : ^ . -j 0 . 3 5 1 7 8 8 . 6 2 1 0 LfJ
■>v *, f 40 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 r c
0 . 5 5 3 1 0 1 8 . 0 3 0 0 H K 1
rTer,c:,c
^ ; e t j cl
41 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 r, rV . v 0 . 5 3 2 0 6 1 2 . 8 26 0
fU k >
1 v41 6 . 7 • i : ^ . j j 1
0 , 3 3 1 6 6 5 . 3 2 8 5 u ij k
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2
11 B a n s p a r a 41 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 0 . 4 0 1 8 0 9 . 7 2 0 5 L L
rj
04 D u i a r i a 41 7 . 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 0 0 . 7 8 3 5 6 1 4 . 0 4 1 5 K K II
3 K h u t r a p a r a 42 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 . 4 0 1 8 0 1 2 . 1 3 2 0 L K i)
4 D a b r i p a r a 42 6 . 8 0 . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 6 2 . 2 2 4 1 2 . 6 3 7 5 L K u
*5 K a i a l p u r 4 3 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 4 8 1 9 6 8 . 4 1 6 5 L L L
B h a r u h a i u d a 44 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 3 7 1 2 4 9 . 0 1 5 5 L L L
<7 N a w g a i 45 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 . 2 8 1 5 6 9 . 8 2 0 0 L L L
48 Jiewara 4 5 6 . 7 0 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 . 3 6 1 7 2 7 . 8 2 0 0 L LT
49 P a s l a ( u p p e r ! 46 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 7 3 2 4 6 1 4 . 4 J Vru H K
50 S h i v p u r 48 5 . 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 7 4 36! 1 7 . 1 4 4 6 K K H
51 S a r b h o k a 50 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 1 . 0 0 . 6 1 2 2 2 8 . 2 2 8 0 L L H
52 T e j p u r 51 6 . 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 1 2 . 8 2 5 0 L H n
53 P o n d i 52 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 0 . 2 8 156 7 . 9 1 9 0 L L1b
54 P o n d r i 52 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 4 5 1 9 0 9 . 5 3 1 0 L L KC cJ J G o v i n d p u r 53 6 . 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 8 2 1 6 9 . 2 3 1 0 L L K
56 Parinari 53 6 . 8 0 . 3 1 1 . 0 0 . 4 6 1 9 2 9 . 5 1 9 0 L L L57 D h a n e s h p u r 53 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 2 9 1 5 8 7 . 9 2 0 5 L L LCOJ v D e v c a g a r 54 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 3 2 0 6 8 . 6 2 0 5 L L L
59 P a r s a p a r a 55 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 3 8 1 7 6 8 . 8 2 6 5 L L H
60 A g a s t p u r 55 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 . 6 7 334 1 3 . 7 3 8 0 H K K61 P a t r a p a r a 56 5 . 5 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 6 7 3 3 4 7 . 6 3 9 0 H L K62 P a r r i 56 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 5 0 2 0 0 8 . 5 3 1 0 L L K63 8 a r h o l 62 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 2 2 0 4 8.1 2 9 6 L L K64 L a d u v a 63 6 . 7 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 . 7 2 364 1 1 . 9 4 1 0 K K H65 G o v i n d p u r 63 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 6 1 2 2 2 7 . 6 2 9 0 L L K66 H a d n e s h u a r p u r 63 6 . 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 5 8 2 1 6 5 . 2 2 9 0 L L h67 S u a e r p u r 63 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 5 4 2 0 6 5 . 3 2 9 5 L L K68 B h u v D e s w a r p u r 64 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 . 3 1 1 6 2 6 . 3 2 1 0 L L r
69 N a r a y a n p u r 64 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 8 . 9 2 4 9 L L fLf70 KaJ y a n p u r 65 6 . 8 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 0 . 4 5 1 9 0 8 . 0 2 4 9 L L L71 ?i s h n u p u r 65 6 . 2 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 . 6 3 i I t 7 1 ' • t> 2 5 5 L fu H72 S o c p u r i L o v e r ; 66 6 . 3 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 2 2 0 5 . 6 2 5 2 L I K*1 1 ‘ J C h a i p a h a g a r 66 6 . 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 3 4 2 6 6 6 . 4 4 3 5 K f
U (•;74 C h a n d r a p u r 67 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 1 . 0 0 . 6 2 324 5 . 2 4 1 0 H
rU E“ c
P a i p a p u r 67 6 . 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 7 5 1 *i ti i J 8 . 5 2 9 0 L ru H76 S u r a j p u r 68 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 c . o 0 . 2 7 1 5 4 5 . 5 2 1 0 L r
L'Iij
77 G i n a r g a c j 65 6 . 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 1 5 0 5 . 6 2 1 0 L jL.
T
75 £efcar t a s j n 65 6 . 4 0 . 3 5 c . o 0 . 7 4 348 5 . 8 4 0 0 H L b
75 P a s J a !; c » e r i 6 . 2 C .21 0 . 0 0 . 5 0 A J J 1 5 . 4 2 6 0 L K H50 G o p i p u : - ; 6 . 2 0 . 3 8 c . c 0 . 5 5 34! ■ - - 4 3 8 Y. V
81 f a i l a s h f u : 77 6 . 5 C .59 0 . 0 0 . 4 2 3 8 4 8. 7 4 6 0 H r.
S2 K r 1 - . - , -K i f l i C i C ■' V 6 . 2 A n Ck . U 1 0 . 5 0 . 6 6 0 ‘ T
t J I 5.1 2 9 0 L u
f j ^ * r. , . f.O u u y u i
* t <• 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 4 2 2 8 t . 8 2 9 0 f
V u X!4
t ^ i d u L i J C ^ i " f 6 . 0 *) £ V . j J 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 8.2 2 8 5 L>
i*
s 3 4 5 6 7 «i. 9 1C 11 1 n 1 '
85 f a i p a p u r 79 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 0 . 5 7 8 . 9 2 6 0 L L r!
86 L a i c b ) 80 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 3 2 1 6 4 7 . 6 2 4 0 ' L L L
87 K a n p u r 80 5.1 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 . 7 6 3SS 9 . 5 4 3 0 K L H
88 D e » ] p u r 80 6 . 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 6 4 2 2 8 1 0 . 5 2 9 0 L L K
89 P a c E i s a 81 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 2 2 2 4 8 . 5 2 8 0 " L I K
90 t e i i o m 81 6 . 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 6 5 2 3 C 5 . 6 3 0 0 L L K
SI J S a i e E u i n a g a r 83 6 . 4 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 . 4 5"c * -ii * j 7 . 3 2 7 0 L L H
92 P a ’ e a 86 6 . 7 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 9 2 1 c 1 1 . 8 3 1 0 L H n
93 B h a r a t p u r 87 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 5 2 2 0 4 8 . 9 3 1 0 L L K
94 S a l t a 88 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 7 8 35c 5.1 4 3 5 K L H
95 D e v a n 89 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 7 0 34C 8 . 4 4 5 0 M L H
96 s a p i a r a 92 5 . 5 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 . 4 6 1 5 2 8 . 3 2 9 0 L L H
97 H a c h . 92 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 7 2 2 6 4 1 2 . 6 3 1 0 H K H
98 G e t a : = 95 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 0 . 4 4 m 8 . 4 2 9 0 L L K
99 P a U a 98 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 6 9 25! 8.1 3 9 0 H L f
1 0 0 M u l t i 1 0 1 6 . 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 . 3 3 1 6 t 8 . 5 2 1 0 L L I
f e t a l 6 2 1 . 9 3 3 . 9 6 2 7 . 5 4 8 . 8 9 2 1 7 3 5 92 2 . 8 2 8 0 7 J 8 2 , 1 8 , 0 7 6 , 2 4 , 0 2 7 , 6 1 , 1 2
A v e r a g e 6 . 2 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 2 7 0 . 4 5 2 1 7 . : 9 . 2 3 2 8 0 . 7 - - ' -
l a c c s 5 . 1 - 7 . 0 0 . 1 0 - 0 68 0 . 0 - 1 .0 . 2 1 - . 7 8 1 2 4 - 3 S 5 5 . 1 - 1 8 . 0 1 5 5 - 4 6 0 - - -
samples were rated as medium as the)' fell in the medium categor\
(250 to 400 kg/ha N).
Available Phosphorous :
Available phosphorous varied from 5.1 to 18.0 kg/ha with
a mean value o f 9.23 kg/ha. The minimum and maximum values of
available phosphorous were found in Salka and Karahipara villages
o f the basin respectively.
Considering low’ rating o f available phosphorous as below
10 kg/ha, 76 soil samples fell in this category. Rest 24 surface soil
samples were categorized as medium as they contained available
phosphorous within the range o f 10 to 20 kg/ha.
Available Potassium :
Available K in the area ranged from 155 to 460 kg/ha.
The average value was found to be 280.7 kg/ha available K. The
minimum value of this nutrient w'as observed in Bharuhamuda while
maximum in Kailashpur village.
Available K was found low (below 250 kg/ha) in 27
villages, medium (250 to 400 kg/ha) in 61 villages and high (more
than 400 kg/ha) in 12 villages o f the project.
Soil classification o f all the soil pedons o f Rehan basin
irrigation project is as mentioned in the Table No 2.4 ahead.
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Md l
TABLE NO. 2.4Soi l c l a s s i f i c a t i i o n o f a l l the s o i l pedons o f Rehar b a s i n
i r r i g a t i o n p r o j e c t .
3r d e r S u b o r d e r G r e a t g r o u p S u b g r o u p F a i i l y P e d o c P e d o n N o .
E n t i s o l O r t h e n t U s t o r t h e n t T y p i c U s t o r t h e n t F i n e J o a i y , (i) B a s d a i Pi
l i x e d , (ii) B h a i y a t f c a n Pi
b y p e r t h e r i i c ( i i i ) X u s a u s : P?
(iv) P a s l a P m
(v) T i l s i w a P m
L o a i y , l i x e d (1 ) S h i v p r a s a d N a g a r P n
b y p e r t h e r i i c
I n c e p t i sol O c h r e p t U s t o c h r e p t V e r t i c U s t o c h r e p t F i n e , l i x e d , (i) K a i y a n p u r P<
b y p e r t h e r i i c (ii) L a d u w a Pi
( i i i ) P a i p a p u r P n
(iv) T e n d u u a Pi.
D y s t r i c U s t o c h r e p t F i n e , l i x e d , (i) H a n p u r Pi.
b y p e r t h e r i i c
A l f i s o l U s t a l f P a J e u s t a l f U d i c P a l e u s t a l f F i n e l o a i y , (ii D e v N a g a r P:• l i x e d ,
i y p e r t h e r u c
H a p l u s t a l f U l t i c H a p l u s t a l f F i n e l o a i y , (ii K h a r g a w a n Pi
l i x e d , (ii! K u r r i d i h Pi
b y p e r t h e r i i c (ii i J H a s i P,
(iv) H u t k i Pi
(vl P o n d ’ Pi
( vi! S a p X a r a Pi
( v i i ! S o n p u r Pi
( v i i i ) f i s h n u p u r P«
K K F E K F N C K S :
|1] Bray. R.H. and Kurtz. L.T. (1945) : Determination of total
organic and available forms of Phosphorous in soils. Soil
Sci. 59 : 39-45.
[2] Soil Survey Staff (1951) : Soil Survey Manual. USDA Hand
Book No. 18.
[3] Subbiah, S.V. and Asija G.L. (1956) : A rapid procedure
for the estimation o f available nitrogen in soils Curr. Sci.
25 : 259 - 260.
14] USDA (1957) : Soil - The year book o f Agriculture. United
States Department o f Agriculture, Washington.
[51 Bhaumic, H.D. Donahue, R.L. (1964) : Soil acidity and
use of lime in India. ICAR . Publication, Ministry o f Food
and Agriculture, New Delhi.
[6] Motiramani, D.P., Tamboli, P.M. and Mishra V.K. (1965) :
L im ing of Acid Soils o f Madhya Pradesh. Tech. Leaflet
J.N.K..Y.Y., Jabalpur. 1:10.
l^] Muhr. G.R.. Datta. N.P., Shankarsubramaney, H., Leley. Y.K..
and Donahue, R.L. (1965) : Soil Testing in India. L’.S.
Agency for International Develpment Mission to India, New
Delhi.
[8] Piper, C .S. (1966) : Soil and Plant Analysis. Huns
Publishers. Bombay.
[9] Govindarajan, S.V. (1970) : Soil Survey Manual. A ll India
Soil Survey and Land Use Organization. IA R I, New Delhi.
[10] Soil Survey Staff (1975) : Soil taxonomy - A basic system
of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys.
USDA Hand Book No. 436, Washington.
[11] Gupta U.S., Gorantiwar, S.M. and Verma, G.P. (1975) : A
new colorimetric procedure for the determination o f soil org.
carbon J.Ind. Soc. Soil Sc. 23 : 328-331.
[12] Murthy, R.S., Shankranarayana, H.S. and Hirekerur, L.R.
(1976) : Distribution, Genesis and Classification o f Acid soils
o f India. Bull. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 11 : 1-17.
[13] Buol, S.W., Hole, F.D. and McCracken, R.J. (1980) : Soil
Genesis and Classification. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. New
Delhi.
Gupta, G.P. (1981) : Taxonomy o f soils o f Chambal
Comman Area in Madhya Pradesh. Ph.D. Thesis, J.N.K.V.V.
Jabalpur.
Anonymous (1989) : Soil Survery o f Rehar Basin, Distt.
Surguja. Dept, o f Agriculture. (M.P.)
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