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CHAPTER - 2

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S o il S urvey o f R e^ ar

BASilN iRRiqATiON PROjECT

tc-

C H A PT E R - 2

SOIL SURVEY OF REHAR BASIN IRRIGATION PROJECT

According to the definition, a soil with pH less than 7.0 is

deemed as an acid soil (USDA, 1957) [4]. In other terms the acid

soils are those which respond to the application o f lime. Later on it

was stressed that the soils with pH less then 5.5 in 1:1 soil water

extract could be charaterised and classified as acid soils (soil survey

staff. 1^75) 110J. Percent base saturation (PBS) was also used as

criterion for differentiating soils in some orders and the soil reaction

(pH 5.5) was used as criterion to distinguish soil family and acid or

non acid in those order where PBS was not taken into consideration!

(Murthy et al. 1976) [12].

Bhaumic and Donahue (1964) [5], stated that the acidic

nature of soil was found to be due to existence of granitic rooks,

the use of acid forming fertilizers also enhanced the acidity of soil.

They reported that in India about 25.91 m illion ha o f land was

with pH below 5.5 and about 23.64 million ha with pH between 5.6

and (i.? Motiramani et al. (1965) [6] expressed that about 34.573 ha

.-■oils existed as acidic out o f which 7.145 and 10.969 ha were highK

acidic, the pH being 5.0 to 5.5 in Surguja and Bastar districts of

M adina Pradesh respectively.

The soils of Rehar Basin Command Area covering an area

of about 37,000 ha (Anonymous, 1989) [15] seem to be acidic in

reaction. Hydrogen ion concentration in soils dominates hydroxyl

ion which may be the result o f higher precipitation. However, the

detailed studies on this aspect have not been made so far and hence

keeping these factors in view, the present study has been aimed

with the following objectives.

1. To determine the physical and Chemical parameters

of these soils.

2. To determine the fertility status (available N,P and

K) of these soils.

3. To find out the root cause by which the soils

hance have tended to become acidic.

4. To prepare soil fertility map of the Rehar

Basin Irrigation Project Area.

S O IL SU RV EY :

Materials and Methods :

A detailed survey of the soils of the Rehar Basin. Irrigation

project in Surguja tahsil o f Surguja district, M.P., was made in

order to know the types of soils, infestation of acidity problems

and their fertility status.

I nder the present investigation about 100 surface soil

samples representing all the grids of the area were collected, dried

in shade, sieved through 2 mm. size sieve and kept for analyses for

a numbers of factors important for establishing their fertility status.

CiKNEAL D E S C R IP T IO N O F THE A R E A :

Location anil extent :

The area o f Rehar Basin Irrigation Project is situated in

Surajpur tahsil of Surguja district, M.P. covering three development

blocks namely Surajpur, Bhaiyathan and Ramanujganj (fig. 2). The

commond area is located in between 23° 03' and 23° 25' N latitude

and between 82" 38’ and 82° 58' E longitude with an average altitude

of 678 metres from the mean sea level.

The north east and south directions o f the project area are

surrounded by degraded forest and residual hillocks whereas the

eastern boundary is surrounded by Rehar river itself.

The Rehar Basin Command occupies an area o f 37000 ha

land spread over in 129 villages of Surajpur. Ramanujganj and

Bhai\athan blocks, tehsil Surajpur, district Surguja.

lMivsio»raphv :

1 he average altitude ot the Rehan basin command area is

678 metres from the mean sea level. Considering the broad

physiographic classification ot India, the basin area is a part of

[jG. 2 . 1 : LOCATIONS OF SOIL F'EDONS IN REHAR BASIN IRRIGATION , RROJECT A R E A , DIST. SURGUJA (M.R.)

B a g h e l K h a n d p la teau . It l ies in the east o f M a ik a l range and in the

sou th o f r ive r Son .

Physiographieally the Rehar basin irrigation project area can

be divided as : (i) Pediment plain, (ii) Lower and upper piedmont

plain and (iii) Flood plain. The major area o f Rehar basin falls under

piedmont plain. The area under Hood plain is very limited which is

located near the left bank o f Rehar river.

Relief :

Some parts o f the area fall under concave type of relief.

In blocks like Surajpur and Bhaiyathan, normal relief situation exists.

Upland situations are generally found near the foot o f

hillocks whereas piedmont plains appear near the natural drainlines.

Middle land situations mostly exist in low and upland conditions.

1) rain age :

The general slope o f the command area has been observed

to be from east to west direction i.e.towards Rehan river. The major

area ot the command (59%) falls under very gently sloping class

iollowed by nearly levelled with 0-1 percent slope.

The main natural stream which collects the excess water

and drains out o f the command area is Rehar area. So main

perennial and seasonal nallah like Gobari, Gudghela, Sutiya, kanha.

Dulhi. Dhasan, Dagmala, Lohargar, Khairi and Anju, providing dentritic

drainage to the project area, merge into Rehar river.

Geology :

The geology of the project area resembles from Talchir

series of Gondwana System. It is mostly located in son and Mahanadi

\allev and belongs to upper carboniferous age. The Talchir series is

the lowest bed of this system. The component rocks o f this series

are green, laminated shales and sofl fine sandstone. The thickness

ranges from 90 to 120 mtr.

C limate :

The command area comes under subtropical subhumid

climate with three distinct seasons. Summer prevails from 15th

March to 15th June. Rainy season falls between 15th June and 15th

October, followed by winter upto 15th March. However, a long

transitional period is experienced between rainy season and winter

season between 15th September and 15th November, where the rains

are a lm o s t over but coldness is not experienced.

As regards to the rainfall is concerned, the commands area

is influenced by south west monsoon which starts from 15th June

and ends with the end o f September or with the beginning of

October. It is observed that about 75 percent annual rains are received

during the rainy season i.e. between mid of June to end o f September.

Annual rainfall varies from 833.1 to 1782.8 mm. The average annual

rainfall o f 24 years is 1186.4 mm.

Maximum temperature varies from 23.4 to 39.7°C where as

m inimum temperature varies from 8.1 to 24.8°C. May is the hottest

and December is the coolest month o f the year. The mean annual

temperature is 23.5"C.

Annual rainfall varies from 833.1 to 1782.8 mm. The

average rainfall o f 24 years is 1186.4 mm.

Table No. 2.1

Temperature and R a in fa ll data based on observations from

1968 to 1999

M onth Temperature (in °C) Average R a in fa ll

M ax im um M in im um (in mm .)

Jaii. 23 8.6 16.1 9.3

Feb. 26 11.4 18.7 7.9

March 31.8 15.9 23.8 4.9

April 36.9 21.1 29.0 1.4

Ma% 39.7 24.4 32.0 4.0June 25.2 24.8 25.0 178.4

July 29.7 23.0 26.3 397.9

August 29.4 2"> 9 26.1 327.8

Sept. 30.0 21.8 25.9 199.8

Octo. 29.9 18.3 24.1 40.4

Nov. 26.6 12.0 19.3 9.7

Dec. 23.4 8.1 15.8 4.9

Range 23.4 to 39.7 8.1 to 24.8 15.8 to 32.8

23.5 (Average)

1186.4

(Total)

Source : Central Meteorological station. Baikunthpur.

FIG : 2.2. O M B R O T H E R M IC D IA G R A M (1968-1999)

(M E T E O R O L O G IC A L STATION-BA1KUNTHPUR)

D1STT. S U R G U JA , M.P.

- 28"T2

24 5

5.

20 t rn

16 0

12

8

0

MONTHS

INDEX

RAIN FALL

----- MAXIMUM TEMP.

MINIMUM TEMP.

AVERAGE TEMP.

WET PERIOD

FT— DRY PERIOD

STUDY O F PED O N S O IL S

The whole project area (37000 ha) was divided in to 101

grids o f constant area where each grid represented approximately

370 ha. Surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from all the

grids according to the textural variations observed during traversing

. The angur bore was taken from each subgrid where the profiles

were studied at the representative augur bore site.

M O R P H O L O G IC A L C H A R A C T E R IS T IC S :

1. Soil C o lour :

The colour o f soils o f Rehar basin irrigation project area

greatly varies from one soil pedon to other. Light yellowish brown

colour was observed in surface soils o f Basdai, Kusmusi, Pasla and

Sonpur in dry. However, it ranged from yellowish brown to light

yellowish brown in moist conditions. The lower layers were observed

mostly from yellowish brown to light yellowish brown and brown.

2. Soil Structure :

Soil structure refers to the aggregation o f individual or

primary' soil particles into larger or compound particles which are

separated from adjoining aggregates by surfaces o f weakness. Soil

pendons like Basdai, Bhaiyathan, Devnagar, Khargawan, Kurridih.

Kusm isi. M utk i. Pondi, Sonpur and V ishnupur shows, surface

[26]

structure as granular to weak fine sub-angular blocky indicating light

textured soils with good permeability. Kalyanpur, Laduwa, Manpur,

Pampapur and Sapkara soil pedons mostly with moderate medium

block> structure on their surfaces shows the presence o f Moderate

medium to moderate coarse angular blocky structure.

3. Soil Consistency :

Consistency o f surface soils o f Basdai, Bhaiyathan,

Devnagar, khargawan, Kurridih, and Mutki is loose, very friable and

non-sticky and non-plastic in dry. Moist and wet conditions

respectively.

In sub-soils the consistency changes from dry soft to dry

slentls hard and dry hard. In case of Kalyanpur, Mani and Pasla, it

is dry slightly hard. In Manpur, Pampapur, Sapkara, Tenduwa and

Tilsiwa. soil consistency in dry condition has been found hard,

h o w e v e r , in case of laduwa it is very hard, very firm and very

sticky and plastic in all the three moisture conditions.

P H Y S IC A L C H A R A C T E R IS T IC S :

1. Particic size :

Coarse fragments having size 2 or more than 2 mm diameter

are regarded as a part of soil mass which influence moisture storage,

int'iIteration and run-off. They also intluence root growth especial!)

through the dillution o f the mass o f active soil, coarse fractions are

found to exist in almost all the pedons o f Rehar basin irrigatioin

project area.

2. W ater H old ing capacity :

Moisture holding capacity in soils o f Rehar basin irrigation

project area varies from 20.2 to 50.4% with an average value o f

34.99%. As it is well know'n that this property is chiefly governed

by the amount o f clay content, its mineralogical composition and

the dominant cations associated with it, the value above 50 percent

indicates about the characteristics o f black soils.

The average value o f water holding capacity ranging from

25.12 percent (Bhaiyathan) to 48.18 percent (Laduwa) indicates about

the characteristics o f loam, alluvial and red soils.

C H E M IC A L C H A R A C T E R IS T IC S :

The horizon-wise samples o f each soil pedon were analysed

tor various chemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity,

C a C 0 3. O rgan ic carbon , cation exchange capac ity (C E C ),

exchangeable cations and available nutrients and the results .are

presented in the following pages.

Soil pH

The pedonwise soil pH are represented in table 10. An

overall range of pH in soils o f Rehar Basin irrigation project area

was observed from 5.5 (strongly acid) to 7.3 (neutral) with a mean

value o f 6.36 (slightly acid). Considering the soil pH catergories

(Soil Survey Staff, 1951) [2], the suitable range for optimum crop

production is from 6.5 (slightly acid) to 7.5 (Slightly alkaline) below

which acid soils prevail.

Information about soil reaction is necessary to determine

lim iting needs and fertiliser responses. pH values make it possible

to infer many o f the chamical processes that have taken place in the

genesis o f the soil, (Buol et al., 1980) [27]. It plays an important

role in grouping soils into normal and problematic classes and helps

in identifying the role o f climate and topography.

Soil pH was determined in 1 : 2 soil : water suspension

(Govindrajan, 1970) [9].

E L E C T R IC A L C O N D U C T IV IT Y :

Salinity refers to the content o f readily soluble salts and

common means o f measuring it, is the measure o f electrical

conductivity (EC). Strictly speaking, a soil is considered saline if

the electrical conductivity exceeds 4 dSnr1 in its saturation extract

or 1 dSm '1 in 1 : 2 soil water ratio (Govindarajan, 1970).

t he electrical conductiv ity o f soils o f Rehar Basin

command area ranges from 0.20 to 0.62 dSnv1 with an average o f

0.32 dSm 1 . Thus none o f the soil pedon has the electrical

conductivity exceeding 1 dSnv1.

Electrical conductivity was measured in 1 : 2 soil water

suspension by Elico Conductivity meter.

C A L C IU M C A R B O N A T E :

The presence o f calcium carbonate plays an important role

in determining the base status, pH, Total soluble salts and drainage

conditions. The term calcification is explained as it is the process

o f precipitation and accumulation o f calcium carbonate in some part

o f the pedon.

Calcium carbonate in soils o f the project area ranges from

nil to 2.5 percent with an average value o f 0.38 percent.

C a C 0 3 was determined by rapid titration procedure as

described by Piper (1966) [8].

Organ ic C arbon :

Organic carbon content o f various horizons is a useful

indication o f the extent o f accumulatioin o f organic matter under

differing environmental conditions which reflects the effect o f

vegetation in soil genesis.

T A B L E N O . 2 . 2

Physical and Chemical Properti d ; of soil peclons of Rehar Basin.

F o r i : r r r - p t b f ^ l k F a r t i c J e f f : j s c : e•

r “ C j C J : r -1 r r c *v {/ c j t i c j s ( c i o ! ! ? ' U r 1 !

d e j s i t y d e n s i t y fc c J d ; e q ( 1 : 2 . 5 1 ' 1 1 : 2 . 5 ) (\) ( \i ( C t ■ j 1 J J 5 6

! ^ g .* J r r C - 1) c a ; r : ’ y ( d 3 r ‘ ! ( f ) C a " w f a ' K a ' h i o ' t .1 ! r ’ i t i r t

! M c a ’. i o i s m

11I 3 i 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 14 15 1 6

t i m - I V ] i j a g e - . d a j ( J 3 - M

I n 0 - 1 5 1 . 7 . 6 3 1 . 3 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 3 7 8 . 5 4 . 4 1 . 2 0 . 4 0 . 1 6 . 1 7 1 . 8

i n 1 5 - 3 0 1 . 7 . 6 3 4 . 5 6 . 4 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 1 9 . 5 5 . 2 1 . 2 0 . 3 0 . 2 6 . 9 7 2 . 6

m ; 0 - ( . 0 ! . J . 5 3 3 . 6 5 J * ! 0 . 0 0 . 2 4 ■ . 0 5 . 1 1 , 0 0 . 2 0 . 0 S . 4 7 1 . 1

. ■ c o - i : : ! . 8 . 7 3 3 . 7 6 . 2 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 0 5 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 3 0 . 1 ‘ . 9 6 9 . 1

r i i i ' i ' - : ■ 1 . 9 . 7 3 2 . 5 6 . 2 0 . 5 0 0 . 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 . 5 : 9 1 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 2 7 . 4 7 0 . 0

T o t a l 8 . 9 1 3 . 1 i e s . f 3 0 . 6 1 . 9 2 0 . 0 1 . 2 6 < 7 . 5 2 5 . 7 5 . 9 1 . 5 0 . 6 3 3 . 7 3 5 4 . 6

h ? : ’ fye 1 . 7 8 . 6 2 3 3 . 1 2 6 . 1 2 0 . 3 5 0 , 0 0 . 2 5 9 . 5 0 5 . 1 4 1 . 1 8 0 . 3 0 0 . 1 2 6 . 7 4 7 0 . 9

f E 5 : K - 2 V i l l a g e - P.! . ; j L i 3 E 13 - H )

1 ?r • ; 1 . 6 . 7 2 7 . 0 6 . 3 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 7 . 5 3 . 2 1 . 3 0 . 5 0 . 2 5 . 2 6 9 . 3

>.12 1 5 - 6 1 1 . 6 . 7 1 6 . 5 6 . 2 0 . 2 ? 0 . 0 0 30 1 , J 3 . 5 1 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 2 5 . 0 6 6 . 6

113 6 ! - 6 5 ! f ] j s , 5 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 1 3 5 . 0 4 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 3 0 . 1 5 . 9 7 3 . 3

' j i . ; " • 1 ! ! 2 3 . 0 6 . 5,*i f 0 . 0 0 . 2 0 7 . 0 3 . 0 1 . : 0 . 2 0 . 2 4 . 9 7 0 . 0

r ; ' ^ . 1 t l . o C 2 0 . 1fl * V . v 0 . 0 0 . 1 0 3 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 0 0 . 1 0 . 1 2 . 2 6 2 . 8

» - . 1I . U l > . 6 1 3 . 6 1 2 5 . 6 3 1 . 4 1 . 5 5 0 . 0 1 . 2 1 3 3 . 5 1 4 . 7 6 . 3 1 . 4 0 . 8 3 3 . 2 3 4 2 . 0

1 . 7 2 ■: 1 . ) I 2 5 . 1 1 . 6 . 1 ! 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 . 2 4 6 , 7 0 2 . 5 4 1 . 2 6 C . 2 S 0 . 1 6 4 . 6 4 6 8 . 4

f'.'C'i' - 3 V i l l a j e - f1 c v 1 2 5 a r ( 5 <->

if' - i i i t . 1 3 0 . 7 6 . 0 ft u

V , I J 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 7 . 0 ' ( . 0 0 . ! 0 . 4 0 . 0 5 . 2 ‘ 4 . 3

f i l l 1 . 7 . 1 3 2 . 5 U r. c, 0 . 0A ;

1 1 . 5 6 . 3 1 . 5 0 . 4 0 . 1 5 1 7 2 . 2

26 - 4 9 1 . 6 ( i l ‘ f ; c . n 0 . 0 A 1V . 41 1 * 1 i , J 7 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 3 0 . 1 8 . 9 7 4 . 2

i ; - ;; 1 . 6 J 3 4 . 5 f . ;> 0 ’ 8 0 . 5 0 . 1 2 1 2 . 0 7 . 0 2 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 0 9 . 4 7 8 . 3

r] i i 7 : 1 ' ( J i • . £ n • i : 0 . 0 O . ’ O 1 3 . 0 ! . C 2 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 0 1 0 . 3 ! . . 4

i i i . S . : * K 1 0 . 0 A ;1 0 . 5 ; p t 1 . 0

f! 1 V . L 0 . 1 7 . 5 : 4 . 3

I •' ^ i ] * . 4 . 1 3 6 . 1* 1 I f 1 * 6 5 . 0 ■i ? ; * * *1 *1 0 . 3 4 9 . 9 4 5 2 . 5

i . f ( ■j 11 '( A ^0 . 0 C : 1 . 0 6 . 4 7 1 . 4 6 f: * \ 0 . 0 5 i i; ■5 . 4

P U O I - 4 T i l l a g e - l a i y a i n r ( 6 4 - F l

ip 0 - U 1 . 5 2 . 4 2 5 . 7 6 . 6 0 . 3 5 1 . 0 0 . 7 5 2 2 . 5 1 6 . 5 2 . 0 { . 6 0 . 2 1 5 . 3 8 5 . 811 1 1 - 2 5 1 . 5 2 . 4 2 7 . 6 6 . ! 0 . 3 1 1 . 0 ( . 7 6 2 3 . 0 1 6 . 0 3 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 2 1 5 . 6 8 5 . 2121 2 5 - 6 5 l i 2 . 5 4 3 . ! 7 . 0 f . 5 6 1 . 5 t : i

i . .■ > 2 5 . 0 l i . 0 3 . 0 0 . 5 0 . 3 2 1 . 8 8 7 . 212 1 t S - 1 26 1 .fc 2 . 6 4 7 . 2 7 . 0 0 . 6 2 1 . 5 0 . 5 6 2 1 . 5 n . o 2 . 5 0. 5 0 . 2 2 1 . 2 It. 51 2 3 1 2 6 - 1 1 0 1 . 6 2 . 6 4 3 . 4 6 . 7 0 . 5 7 2 . 5 t . j * 2 i . l 1 6 . 5 3 . 0 0. 4 0 . 2 1 5 . 6 8 5 . 5C 1 1 0 - 2 2 0 1. 7 2. 7 4 2 . 2 6 . 3 0 . 5 3 2. 5 c.-;; 2 0 . 0 1 4 . 0 3 . 0 0 . 4 0 , 3 1 7 . 7 i i . 5

T c t J l 5 . 5 1 5 . 2 2 3 3 . 5 4 0 . 4 2 . 9 5 1 0 . 0 3 . 3 ? 1 3 6 . 4 5 8 . 0 1 6 . 5 2 . 8 1 . 4 1 1 9 . 2 52 3 .1

I t e r a ge 1 . 5 1 2 . 5 3 3 1 . 1 1 6 . 7 3 0 . 4 9 1 . 6 6 0 . 5 6 2 2 . i d 1 6 . 3 3 2 . 7 5 0 . 4 6 0 . 2 3 1 9 . 7 8 7 . 2

M W I - 5 t i l l a g e - I l a r g a v a i ( 3 1 - C )

»P 0 - 2 1 1 . 6 2 . 6 2 7 . 4 6 . 3 0 . 2 ! 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 6 . 3 3 . 5 0 . 5 0 . 4 0.1 4 . 5 6 6 , 211 2 1 - 4 5 1 . 7 2 . 6 3 2 . { 6 . 3 C . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 2 0 7 . 0 3 . 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 0. 1 4 . 4 6 2 . 81121 < 5 - 1 1 1 . 7 2 . 7 3 3 . 6 6 . 2 0 , 1 ! 0 . 0 { . 2 0 5 . 5 4 . 0 J . 5 0 . 4 0 , 0 5 . ? 6 2 . 11 1 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 1 n 2 . 6 3 5 . 1 5 . 1 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 0 3 . 9 2 . 0 0 , 4 0 . 0 6 . 3 6 3 . 0C 1 1 1 - 1 5 0 1 . 8 2 . 8 3 5 . 0 6 . 0 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 1 5 5 . 5 4 . 7 1 . 5 0.1 0 . 0 6 . 3 6 6 . 3

T e l a i 8 . 4 1 3 . 3 1 6 3 . 7 3 0 . 6 1 . 6 5 0 . 0 1 . 1 8 4 2 . 8 1 5 . 6 6 . 0 1 . 6 0 . 2 2 7 . 4 3 2 0 , 4

i m a g e 1 . 6 8 2 . 6 6 3 2 . 7 4 6 . 1 2 0 . 3 3 0 . 0 0 , 2 3 8 . 5 6 3 . 5 2 1 . 2 0 0 . 3 2 0 . 0 4 5 . 4 ! C l . i

fEDOIf - [ t r r i d i k ( 1 C - P )

ip v ✓ 1.7 2 . 5 2 3 . 3 6.1 0 . 3 S 0 . 0 0 . 5 4 8. 5 4 . 0 1 , 5 0 . 3 0 , 0 5 . 8 6 5 , 2H 2 1 1 5 - 4 8 1 . 7 2 . 5 2 6 . 3 6 . 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 0 1 C . 5 4 . 5 1 . 5 0 . 2 0 , 0 6 . 3 if .0tt22 4 H I 1 . 6 2 . 6 3 6 . 3 6 . 2 0 . 3 5 o . c 0 . 4 2 1 0 . 7 5 . ! 2 , 0 0 , 3 0.1 8 . 2 76. tu u * i- -! 4: 1 . 7 2 . 6 3 6 . 5 6 . 3 6 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 , 3 7 ; : . 6 5 . 9 3 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 2 5 . 4 54 . 6C u c - : c : l . S 2 . 7 3 5 , 2 6.1 0 . 3 5 0 , 0 0 . 1 6 1 2 . 0 7 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 4 C . O 1 . 5 7 ! . ’

T c t i i 1 . 5 i: .9 1 6 2 , 0 3 0 . 5 1 . 5 6 o . c l . S ? 5 4 . 3 2 7 . 2 5 . 5 1 . 5 0 . 4 3 8 . 6 ^ ; i t J J 4 J

i n ; j $ e * i . !*> : . 5 J 3 2 . 4 0 6 . 1 ! 0 . 3 1 c c 0 . 3 ) i : , n 5 . 4 4 1 . 5 0 0 . 3 0

1* AfV . v v

* * r, I '■

k w i - 7 J i l l j g e - I t s m i ( 11 - £ i

I 0 - 1 6 1 . 1 2 . 6 J ' . l 6 , 0 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 5 . 3 5 1 0 . 5 6 . 2 1 . 0 5 . 4 0 . 1 7 . 7 7 3 . 3

1 1 2 1 6 - 2 3 1 . 7 2 . 6 2 4 . 2 6 . 0 5 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 , 2 0 5 . 4 6 . 0 1 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 1 7 . 5 7 5 . 5

m 2 3 - 3 5 1 . 7 2 . 7 6 . 4 5 . 2 ! 0 . 5 0 . 3 4 9 . 5 6 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 4 0 . 2 5 . 1 1 2 . 6

1 1 4 3 8 - 1 5 1 . 7 2 . 7 2 5 . * 6 . 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 4 1 0 . 0 5 . 5 2 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 2 . 5 . 0 5 0 . 5

1C 1 0 - 1 1 0 1 . 5 2 . 7 3 3 . 5 6 . 5 t . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 3 4 1 2 . 5 7 . 2 3 . 0 0 . 3 0 . 3 1 0 . i 5 6 . 4

1 1 0 - 1 6 4 l . i 2 . 8 3 4 . 3 6 . 5 5 . 2 4 1 . 0 0 . 1 2 5 . 4 5 . 0 1 . 2 0 . 4 0 . 3 6 , 9 1 2 . 1

T o t i l 1 0 . 5 1 6 . 1 i n . : 3 7 . 1 1 . 7 ! 2 . 5 1 . 6 4 6 0 . 6 3 5 . 9 9 . 7 2 . 2 1 . 2 4 9 . 0 4 1 4 . 2

i t e r j g e 1 . 7 5 2 . 6 5 3 1 . 1 6 6 . 3 0 C . 2 9 0 . 4 1 0 . 2 7 1 0 . 1 0 5 . 9 5 1 . 6 1 0 . 3 6 0 . 2 0 5 . 1 6 5 0 . 7

P t S G l - ! V i l l a g e - U d t u ( 6 3 - E l

i P 0 - 2 0 1 . 1 2 . 5 5 0 . 4 6 . 1 S . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 4 7 1 1 . 1 1 1 . 0 3 . 5 5 . 5 0 . 2 1 5 . 5 5 2 . 4

1 1 J 2 0 - 6 7 1 . 5 2 . 6 4 1 . 6 6 . 9 5 . 2 ! 1 . 0 0 . 4 2 2 5 . 0 1 1 . 5 3 . 5 0 . 7 0 . 3 1 6 . 0 1 5 . 0

1 21 6 7 - 1 3 7 1 . 5 2 . 6 4 4 . i 7 . 0 5 . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 3 7 2 2 . 0 1 3 . 0 4 . 5 0 . 7 0 . 3 1 8 . 5 5 4 . 1

m 1 3 7 - 1 7 2 1 . 5 2 . 5 4 1 . 5 6 , 7 5 . 2 ! 2 . 0 0 . 0 6 2 2 . 8 1 4 . 0 5 . 0 0 . 5 0 . 2 1 9 . 7 8 9 . 5

c 1 7 3 - 2 1 4 1 . 6 2 . 7 4 ! . 4 6 . 6 5 . 3 5 2 . 5 0 . 0 7 2 J . 0 1 2 . 0 6 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 3 1 8 . 7 5 9 . 0

T c t i J 7 . 5 1 2 . 9 2 4 C . ' 3 4 . 0 1 . 5 5 i ti . J 1 . 3 5 1 0 3 . 5 6 1 . 5 2 2 . 5 3 . 1 1 . 3 5 ! , 4 4 2 5 , 5

i T e r J 5 « 1 . 5 0 2 . 5 5 4 1 . 1 4 6 . 1 t . 31 1 . 5 0 0 . 2 ! 2 0 . 7 6 1 2 . 3 0 4 . 5 0 0 . 6 2 0 . 2 6 1 7 . 6 5 5 5 . 0

P E M S - 5 V ) i 1 i ; e - K a i - i )

i p 0 - 1 3 1 . 5 2 . 5 2 5 . 1 c t, 5 . 2 4 C . C C . 4 5 5 , 0 1 , 2 c . e 0 . 1 6 , 5 t 5 . 3

512 1 1 3 - 3 7 ! < i . J 2 . 7 2 1 . £ 6 . 0 0 . 4 : A t V v C . 2 I 1 1 . 5 6 . 0 1 . 2 0 , 6 0 . 1 7 , 9 6 6 , 5

1 1 2 3 3 7 - 1 1 . 7 2 . 6 2 5 . : 6 . 2♦ ) *V . v » c . e 0 . 5 5 . » . J 6 . 0 1 , 2 0 . 4 0 , 0 7 , 6 6 0 . 5

1 1 2 3 I C i - I S C 1 . 7 2 . 6 3 5 . 6 5 , 6 5 , 2 " 0 , 0 0 . 0 7 ’ ( r, ; * . v 7 . 5 2 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 0 9 . S 6 6 . 0

C 1 5 0 - 2 1 0 1 . 1 2 . 7 2 6 , 0 6 . 0 t . 3 4 o . c 0 . 0 5 5 . 5 5 . 0 2 . 0 0 . 4 0 . 0 7 . 4 7 7 . S

l o t i i 1 . 3 1 1 . 1 1 4 3 . 6 2 5 . 3 1 , 5 5 t . c 0 . 9 1 5 1 . 5 2 9 , 5 7 . 6 2 . 4 0 . 2 3 5 . 7 3 4 0 . 9

i T e r j q e 1 . 6 4 2 , 6 2 2 ! , ' : 5 . 1 6 5 . : : C . C 6 . 1 5 ' • n 5 . 5 0 1 . 5 0 0 . 4 5 C . C 4 7 . 9 4 6 5 . 2

] ii 3 4 5 6 1 1 5 1 (•. i V 11 12 13 14 15 K

FEDOI - ]0 YiJ J a g e - Ratpsr (20-!)

if 0-15 1.5 2.5 31.1 6,4 0.45 0.0 0.49 21,4 13.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 21.3 11.7

112 15-35 1.5 2.6 31.7 6.5 0.41 0.5 0.35 27,2 14.0 6.5 0,1 0.0 21.2 11.5

121 35-60 1.5 2.6 31.5 6.3 0.21 0.0 0.26 26.5 14.0 6,4 0.4 0.0 20,1 11.5

i n 60-96 1.5 2.6 35.0 6.4 0.30 0.0 0.30 25.0 13.0 6,4 0.5 0,0 19.9 19,6

c 96-165 1.6 2.1 33.1 6.2 0,31 0.5 0,25 24.2 11.5 6.0 0.4 0.0 11.9 13.9

Total U 13.0 112.1 3 1 . i 1.12 0.5 1.66 130.3 66. 0 32.3 2,1 0,1 101.1 317.6

i?e r a ? e 1.52 2.60 36.54 6.36 0.36 0.1 0.33 26.00 13 , 2 0 6.46 0,54 0 .02 20.22 11.5

F£JO* - 11 Village - Hotli (Ifll-P)

iP 0-15 1.6 2.4 2 4.9 6.0 0,24 0.0 0.53 1.5 3.0 1.5 0,5 0.1 5.1 60.0

U 15-40 1.6 2.6 30.1 6.0 0.53 0.0 0.24 J.5 3,0 1.1 0.J 0.1 5.2 61.2

1121 40-15 1.4 2.5 31.0 6.5 0.54 0.5 0.24 12.0 5.5 2.0 0.3 0.2 U 66.1

1122 15-130 1.1 2.1 34.6 6.0 0.24 0.0 0.15 1 1 . J 4,5 3.0 0,3 0.0 7.1 66,1

C 1 36-110 1.9 2.J 34,2 6.0 0.34 0,0 0.11 10.5 4.5 2.5 0,2 0.0 7.2 6!.6

Total 1.4 13.0 162.6 30.5 1 .19 0.5 1.3! 51.3 20,5 10.! 1.6 0,4 3 3,3 - 322.6

ireraqe 1.6! 2.6 32.52 6.10 0.31 0.10 0.21 10.26 4.10 1.16 0.32 0.CJ 6.6 6 64,5

m o r - 12 Tillage - f a i p a p i r (75-11

ip M l 1.5 2.5 45.6 1.2 0.34 i.e 0.10 25.0 1 3.0 5.0 0.8 0.2 1 9.0 76,0

n : 17-55 1.5 2.6 43,6 1.2 0,25 1.5 0.6! 23.5 13. 0 4.5 0.1 0.2 1J.5 71.7

12] 55-113 1.6 2.5 45.4 1.2 0.35 1.0 0.35 24.0 12,0 5,0 0.6 0.3 11,9 14.6

!)! 111-146 1.1 2.1 42.3 1.3 0.35 1.5 0.2! 26,5 14. 0 6.0 0,6 0.3 20.9 71.9

t] 146 - 2 0 0 1.6 2.1 41.2 1.0 0.21 1.5 0.26 23.0 1 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 11.6 IC.J

c: 2 50 - 2 4 0 1.1 2.1 40,5 6,9 0,34 2.5 0.01 M /* > . 7 1 1. 0 6.5 0,5 0,4 18.4 12.1

Total 5.6 15.5 2 5 9.0 42.1 1.11 9,0 2,31 144.4 K . O 34.0 3.1 1.6 113.3 471,1

l u r m 1.60 2.65 43,16 7.13 0.30 1.55 0.15 24.06 1 2 . JJ 5.67 0.61 0.26 U . U 71.5

1 t 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

PEDCI - ! j ?i]Ja?e - Pisli (46-E)

iP 0-15 1.6 2.4 25.4 6.0 0.24 0.0 C.52 12.5 6.0 1.2 C.4 0.1 7.7 61.6

i n 15-55 1.7 2.5 31.1 6.0 0.2S c.o 0.23 12.5 5.5 1.3 0.1 0.1 1.1 61.6

m 55-105 1.1 2.5 35.5 6.0 0.30 0.0 0.12 1 2.0 5.5 1.4 0.8 0.1 7.8 6 5 . C

Cl 1 05-140 1.9 2.7 33.6 5.6 0.34 0.0 0.16 10.2 3.0 2.0 0,4 0.8 5.4 52.9

ci 1 40-1*0 1.9 2.7 33.0 5.7 0.32 0,0 0.14 9.1 3.0 2,0 0.4 0.0 5.5 56.1

Toll! 1.9 1 2 . i 15 9 . 3 29.3 1 .49 0.0 1.17 5 7.0 23.0 7.9 2.8 0.3 34.1 297.2

l w i ? e 1.78 2.56 31.16 5.16 0.29 0.0 0.23 11.40 4.60 1.58 0.56 0.06 6.82 59.4

P£DOf - 14 Ti 1 ii§e - Pondi ( 5 2 -F)

ip :-20 1.6 2.6 31.1 6.4 0.34 0.0 0.66 7.5 4.0 1.0 0,4 0.1 5.5 73.3

BtJl 20-10 1.6 2.7 34.6 6.5 0.2! 0.5 0.36 10,5 6,0 1.1 0.5 0.1 1.1 73.3

1122 70-127 1.6 2.6 30.5 6.5 0.30 0.0 0.30 1 2.0 6.5 1.2 0.4 0,2 8.3 69,2

tui 127-156 1.7 2.5 30.0 6.J 0.45 0.1 9.43 i e .2 5.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 7.4 ,7 2 . 5

EC 150-180 1.1 2.7 25.1 6.7 0.21 M 0,21 10.0 5.5 1.5 0.3 0.1 7,4 74.0

f : U l 8.3 n.i 15 2 . 0 32.9 1.51 0.6 1.53 50.2 27.5 6.0 2,0 0.8 36,3 36 2.3

lteraqe 1.66 2.62 30,40 6.58 0.31 0.12 0.38 10.04 5,50 1.20 0.40 0.16 7,26 72.5

PEDOI - 1: Tiliice - Sifbri (92-C)

iP !-lt 1.6 2.5 36,4 5.8 0.27 0.0 0.65 15.0 6.0 3.0 0 J 0,0 9.8 65.3

1121 ; c - 7 C i 1 j . 1 2.5 43.3 6.0 0.34 0,0 0.57 18.5 8.0 3.4 0,7 0.0 12.1 65.4

it;: 'C-I16 1.7 2.7 45.9 6.1 0.21 O.C 0.6] 18.0 8.0 3.5 0,4 0.1 12.0 66.7

LU; \2.7 37.9 6.1 0.24 0.0 0.1! 17.4 7.5 3,5 0.4 0.1 11.5 66.1

!C • •; * v ... * j V 1.5 2.8 42.2 5,5 0.34 0.0 f «; W . » J 13,0 7.0 1.5 0.4 O.C 8.9 6!. 5

•»• v ; {.6 13.2 205,7 29.5 1.47 0.0 * *> * . i 4 81.9 36.5 14.9 2.7 0.2 54.3 3 3 2. C

4 ■ i » 2.64 41.14 5. SC 0.25 0,0 '.45 16.3! 7,30 2.9! 0,54 0.04 1C.{6 66,4

3 4 i ; ! s i ; H i : ; : h l : J

F E W I - 16 Tillage - S l i r p m a d H a g a r ( 3 H )

iP 0-15 1.7 2.5 3C.2 6.0 0.35 C.C 0.62 I t . 5 6.5 1.5 r t c.; 10.6 n . ;

ill 15-50 1.7 2.5 43.6 6,0 0.2! 0,0 0.54 17.0 8.0 2.C 0,5 0.1 10,6 62.3

Cl] 50-90 1.7 2.9 33.1 6,0 0.24 C.C 0.34 1C.5 5.0 2,0 0.4 0.1 7,6 72,4

C12 >0-131 1.8 2,7 42.5 6,2 0.25 e.e i* ' v . Ji 11.0 5.5 2.0 n iw , J 0.2 8.0 72,7

C2 131-155 1.5 2 J 35,4 6.2 0.25 0.0 C. 30 t.5 4.0 2.0 0.3 0.2 6.5 76,4

Total S.! 13.4 lil.i 30.4 1.37 0,0 « * 4 • * 63.5 31.0 9.5 2.0 0.8 42.! 34!.0

i m a g e 1.76 2.6! 37.76 6.0! 0.27 0.00 0.42 12.70 6 .20 1.90 0.40 0.16 8.56 69.6

PEDOI - 17 Tillage - Sonpur (20-iJ

if 0-20 1.6 2.6 28.5 6.4 0.34 0.0 0.5! 12.0 6.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 8.4 70,0

1121 ;c-£i 1.6 2.6 32.2 6.2 0.34 o.c O . C 16.5 8.6 2.0 0.4 0,1 11,1 67,3

B t H 61-101 1.1 2.6 26.2 6.6 0,24 1.0 0.42 14.0 6.5 2.! 0.4 0.1 9,8 70,0

1C ici-nc 1.7 2.7 2!. 1 6.6 0.25 1.0 /*' V v , * 14.0 6.5 2,5 0,5 C J 9.8 70.0

c J U > j v 1.8 2.7 25.0 6.5 0.33 C.C 0 . U 12.0 5.0 3.0 0.4 0 J 8.7 12,5

Total 8.5 13.2 140. C 32.3 1.50 ’ * 1.!! 6!.5 33.1 11.5 2.2 1.0 47.! 3 49,!

i u : a < e 1.70 2.64 2?. 00 6.46 C.30 0.4 * VV , J ! 70 6,62 2.30 0.44 0.20 S . 56 65,5

PEDOK - 1! Tillage - T esdsxa (4 -El

ip 0-30 -.4 2.7 44.8 7.2 0.24 0.5 0.64 25.5 15.0 3.5 C. i 0.2 23.4

112 3 0 -tC . . J 2.7 36.6 7.0 0.38 0.5 i.35 *; * 15.0 3,5 0.6 0.3 23.4 50,5

121 8C-12C M 2.6 3!.6 7.0 0.27 1.0 0.4" i i . * 19.5 3.5 0.4 0 J * * "4 . • 1 51,2

{22 I J O - M i ■ ) 2.6 43.5 7.0 A « «V . * V 1.0 »« . « • V . V 2 2 . C 3.C 0.4 0 J 23,7 85,4

C 145-18C . • v 2.? 2!.5 6.8 0.34 2.CA « /* ; i . 5 17.5 3.0 0.3 0.4 *11 •- 4 i ■ * a.)

Total :.< 13.4 192. J 35. C ’.41 5,0< * • M '■ 57.0 16.5 2.4 J ■ j . < (51.6

i m a g e i .41 2.68 3!,56 7.0C 0,2! l.CC »« • * 15.40 3.30 C.4£A 1 ft t , J W 2 3 . 1! 50,.'

PE D O I - 19 V i l l a g e - T i l s i v a (69-1)

IP 0-14 1.1 2.6 35.5 • j 0.2! 0.0 0.50 14.5 8.0 3.5 0.6 C.l ] 11 1

112 1 4 - 5 3 l.i 2.6 3}.5 7.1 0.3 5 0.0 0.37 14.5 8.0 3.4 0.6 0.3 12.2 ;

113 53-93 1.1 2.5 43.6 t.3 0.2? 0.0 0.1! 15.0 8.5 3.5 0.7 0.! I'-.t

Cl 9 3 - 1 3 0 1.9 3.7 43.3 6.: 0.35 0.0 0.23 12.0 6 . 0 3.0 0.1 0.2

C2 1 3 0 - 3 0 0 1.9 2.! 41.4 7.1 0.2! 1.0 0.13 10.5 6.0 2.0 0.4 0.3 6.7 -

Total 9.1 13.2 20 1 . 3 33. i 1.5 4 1.0 1.40 66.5 36. 5 15.4 3.1 0.9 55.9

i m a g e 1.83 2.64 40.26 6.:: 0.31 0.20 0.2! 13 . 3 0 7 . 3 0 3.0! 0.61 0.18 11.1!

FEDOI - 30 V i l l a g e - fistiiipsr (65-ffj

IP 0-12 1.7 2.4 27.3 6.3 0.2 8 0.0 0.60 9.1 4.0 2.0 0.7 0.2 6.9 6 9 . i

BL21 12-3* 1.7 2.6 35.6 6.3 0 . 3 4 0.0 0.60 12.7 6.5 2.0 0.7 0.2 9.4 7'.0

j u : 31-51 1.7 2.6 36.2 6.5 C.2 8 0.0 0.52 15.0 7.0 3.5 0.6 0.2 11.3 75.3

U 2 3 51-145 1.7 2.6 41.3 6.6 0.35 0.0 0.35 15.0 7.0 3.5 0.6 0.3 11.4 76.0

C 1 4 5 - 1 9 0 l.i 2.7 30.4 6.7 0 .29 1.0 0.22 12.2 6.0 3.0 0.4 0.3 9.7 75.5

Total 1.6 12.9 170.7 32.4 1.54 1.0 2.32 64.7 30.5 1 4 . 0 3.0 1.2 4J.7 374.2

i v e r a g e 1.72 2.51 14.14 6.41 0,31 0.2 0 0 .46 12 . 9 4 6 .10 2 . »0 0.60 8 .2 4 9.74 74.5

Data presented in Table No. 2.2 indicate, that the organic

carbon ranges from 0.06 to 0.79 percent with a mean value o f 0.33

percent. This shows that all the soil pedons o f the basin were

found to contain higher amounts o f organic carbon on surfaces than

in their lower horizons. The high amount of the organic carbon in

surface layers might be due to maximum root activity which is a

place of high activity o f biomass as well as natural and manual

addition o f fresh or partly decomposed organic matter in the form

o f manures and crop residues (Gupta, 1981) [14].

It was estimated by the colorimetric procedure. (Gupta

et al. 1975) [11],

A V A IL A B L E PLAN T N U T R IEN T S :

Available N :

Available N was determined by distillation o f soil with

0.32% K M n 0 4 and NaOH solutions and back titration with standard

H ,SQ 4 (Subbiah and Asija, 1956) [3].

Available P :

Available P was estimated using Bray solution II method

with the help of colorimeter after developing the blue colour throuth

SnCl, (Bray and Kurtz, 1945) [1],

Available K

Available K was analysed by extracting the soil with neutral

normal ammo-acetate and determining by using Flame Photometer.

(Muhr et al. 1965) [7],

STUDY O F SURFACE SO ILS :

C H E M IC A L P R O P E R T IE S :

(i) Soil pH :

The data o f the related soil pH o f surface soil samples

are given in the Table No 2.3 ahead. Soil pH o f the surface layers

o f the basin ranged from 5.1 (strongly acid) to 7.0 (neutral) with a

mean value o f 6.22 (sligtly acid) . The lower lim it o f pH was found

in Manpur while the upper lim it was seen in Pipara and Dumaria

villages.

(ii) Electrical conductivity :

The surface soil samples varied in electrical conductivity

from 0.10 to 0.68 dSnv1 with an average value o f 0.34 dSm° (Table

No. 2.3 ). The minimum and maximum values were found in Ramanuj

nagar and Neware Villages, respectively. In all the soils, the E.C.

values were quite normal.

(iii) Calcium carbonate :

C aC 0 3 in surface soils o f the area varied from Nil to 1%

with an average of 0.27% (Table No. 2.3 ) It has also been reported

that the soils showing C a C 0 3 to an extent o f 1% do not show

effervescence and hence are termed as non clacareous. On the basis

o f the above criterion, the surface soils o f the basin were found to

be non calcareous.

(iv) Organic carbon :

Surface soils o f the Rehar Basin Irrigation project area

ranged from 0.21 to 0.78% with a mean value o f 0.49%. The

minimum and maximum values o f organic carbon were found in

Biramtal and Dumaria surface soil samples, 53 soil samples were

seen in low, 43 in medium and in high categories o f organic carbon.

AVAILABLE PLANT NUTRIENTS :

Available Nitrogen :

Available nitrogen determined in surface soil samples varied

from 124 to 388 kg/ha, w'ith an average value o f 217.3 kg/ha. The

lowest value was found in Bharuhamuda and the highest value in

Manpur village o f the basin.

In all 82 soil samples were found low in available nitrogen

considering the standard ratine (below 250 ks/ha N). Rest 18 of the

[40]

m B L E NO. 2 . 3

Chemical P r o p e r t i e s and t h e a v a i l a b l e p l a n t n u t r i e n t s in sur face s o i l sample o f the p r o j e c t area.

J o . V i l l a g e G n d p H E C C a C O i O r g . C . A v a i l a b l e n u t r i e n t s ( k g h a ' 1 ) F e r t i l i t y C a t e g o r i e sHo. ( 1 : 2 ) ( 1 : 2 ) (*) (*)

d S r 1 K i t r o g e n P h o s p h o r u s P o t a s s i u a N i t r o g e n P h o s p h o r u s Po

10a 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 J

1 G h o s a 2 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 5 9 2 3 8 1 4 . 1 2 5 6 L H K

i B h a i y a t b a n 3 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 4 1 1 8 2 7 . 6 2 5 0 L L HT a r k a 5 6 . 2 0 . 3 2 0 . 5 0 . 4 ! 1 9 6 7 . 1 2 5 5 L L KD a n c l : Xtiurd 6 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 2 2 1 5 4 6 . 7 2 6 5 L L KK e w a r a 6 5 . 6 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 2 7 1 5 4 6 . 2 2 6 0 L I Ki!ar k o t i 7 6 . 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 1 9 0 8 . 9 2 5 5 L L KB a d s a r a 9 6 . 3 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 5 1 7 0 5 . 4 2 0 6 L L L

8 X u r r i d i t 10 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 , 0 . 5 0 . 6 3 2 2 6 1 2 . 3 2 5 5 L H K9 JCusius: 11 6 . 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 6 2 2 2 4 6 . 7 2 5 5 L L K

10 G h a i i u h a n 13 6 . 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 4 7 1 9 4 1 3 . 7 2 5 5 L H K

11 S i r s i 12 6 . 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 9 . 4 2 6 5 L L K12 S u n d a r p u r 13 6 . 7 0 . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 4 1 1 8 2 7 . 3 2 5 5 L L H13 T e i a r a 18 6 . 3 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 7 . 8 2 6 0 L L K

14 K a r a u c d a j u d a 19 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 4 6 1 9 2 6 . 5 2 6 0 L L K15 S a n s a r p a r a 2 0 5 . 8 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 5 6 2 1 2 9 . 0 2 5 5 L L K16 S h i v p r a s a d Jiagar 20 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 1 9 0 8 . 3 2 0 0 L L L17 S o n p u r 20 6 . 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 3 4 1 6 8 7 . 3 2 1 0 L L fV15 B a n z a 21 6 . 0 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 3 3 1 6 6 1 1 . 8 2 1 5 L H L>15 S a r d a p a r a 21 6 . 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 6 1 7 2 9 . 1 2 2 0 I L L'20 C h c a c r p a r a 22 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 3 5 1 7 0 7 . 6 2 5 5 L L k21 C h a i a n 22 5 . 6 0 . 7 ! 0 . 0 0 . 4 0 1 8 0 7 . 0 2 5 5 L L K22 L o d h i i a 23 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 5 2 1 0 1 2 . 5 2 8 0 L H k23 C h o p a r 23 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 0 1 6 0 8 . 8 2 2 0 L L 'U A n j o t t u r d 2S 6 . 8 0 . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 2 2 1 4 4 6 . 5 2 7 0 L L V25

26P i p a r a 2 9 7 . 0 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 0 . 4 7 1 9 4 1 0 . 6 3 1 0 L K M

B iI a r c 30 6 . 2 0 . 2 5 0 . 5 0 . 3 2 1 6 4 5.1 2 6 5 L L w* < f u a r i a r d i t 30 6 . 2 C . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 4 1 1 8 2 1 1 . 1 1 6 5 L K L

il'i r

B c s s c p a r a 30 6 . 2 0 . 2 9 0 . 5 0 . 6 5 3 5 0 1 4 . 2 4 0 5 K Ht ?*/

)i a > a p a ’ a 11J j 6 . 7 0 , 5 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 0 1 6 0 5 . 9 2 7 5 L L *J V*) 1

d £ j > ^ . a i c d Jidca; 31 6 . C 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 3 5 1 7 0 5 . 3 2 0 5 L Iv, 1

E j r a i a . *} “ij u 6.1 fy 'i Z I . * J 0 . 0 0.2-1 142 5 . 2 2 6 0 L L t.•'i ^ i o r g c > a ^ *) ",

J i 6 . 5 C . 3 C 0 . 0 0 . 3 C 1 5 0 8 . 5 2 0 8 L L

* /J h a n s ; 33 6 . 8 0 . 3 1 0 . 0 0 . 7 6 3 5 2 1 7 . 0 3 8 7 K K k

£ a s c a ; 33 6 . 5 0 . 3 4 ' f! J . 1 0 . 3 6 17 2 7.1 2 5 5 I L *j j

O n c t a c i t 34 5 . 5 0 . 3 0 C \ C 0 . 6 2 2 2 4 ' 8 . 5 2 7 0 L LJv i s i r p c r e 35 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 j . I1 0 . 4 6 1 5 2 1 3 . 3 2 1 0 L K

^ c i p ^ r

f i : i : p a : a

35 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 f. : ^ . -j 0 . 3 5 1 7 8 8 . 6 2 1 0 LfJ

■>v *, f 40 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 r c

0 . 5 5 3 1 0 1 8 . 0 3 0 0 H K 1

rTer,c:,c

^ ; e t j cl

41 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 r, rV . v 0 . 5 3 2 0 6 1 2 . 8 26 0

fU k >

1 v41 6 . 7 • i : ^ . j j 1

0 , 3 3 1 6 6 5 . 3 2 8 5 u ij k

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2

11 B a n s p a r a 41 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 0 . 4 0 1 8 0 9 . 7 2 0 5 L L

rj

04 D u i a r i a 41 7 . 0 0 . 2 7 1 . 0 0 . 7 8 3 5 6 1 4 . 0 4 1 5 K K II

3 K h u t r a p a r a 42 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 . 4 0 1 8 0 1 2 . 1 3 2 0 L K i)

4 D a b r i p a r a 42 6 . 8 0 . 3 4 1 . 0 0 . 6 2 . 2 2 4 1 2 . 6 3 7 5 L K u

*5 K a i a l p u r 4 3 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 4 8 1 9 6 8 . 4 1 6 5 L L L

B h a r u h a i u d a 44 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 3 7 1 2 4 9 . 0 1 5 5 L L L

<7 N a w g a i 45 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 . 2 8 1 5 6 9 . 8 2 0 0 L L L

48 Jiewara 4 5 6 . 7 0 . 6 8 0 . 0 0 . 3 6 1 7 2 7 . 8 2 0 0 L LT

49 P a s l a ( u p p e r ! 46 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 7 3 2 4 6 1 4 . 4 J Vru H K

50 S h i v p u r 48 5 . 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 7 4 36! 1 7 . 1 4 4 6 K K H

51 S a r b h o k a 50 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 1 . 0 0 . 6 1 2 2 2 8 . 2 2 8 0 L L H

52 T e j p u r 51 6 . 2 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 1 2 . 8 2 5 0 L H n

53 P o n d i 52 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 5 0 . 2 8 156 7 . 9 1 9 0 L L1b

54 P o n d r i 52 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 4 5 1 9 0 9 . 5 3 1 0 L L KC cJ J G o v i n d p u r 53 6 . 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 8 2 1 6 9 . 2 3 1 0 L L K

56 Parinari 53 6 . 8 0 . 3 1 1 . 0 0 . 4 6 1 9 2 9 . 5 1 9 0 L L L57 D h a n e s h p u r 53 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 2 9 1 5 8 7 . 9 2 0 5 L L LCOJ v D e v c a g a r 54 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 3 2 0 6 8 . 6 2 0 5 L L L

59 P a r s a p a r a 55 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 3 8 1 7 6 8 . 8 2 6 5 L L H

60 A g a s t p u r 55 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 5 0 . 6 7 334 1 3 . 7 3 8 0 H K K61 P a t r a p a r a 56 5 . 5 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 6 7 3 3 4 7 . 6 3 9 0 H L K62 P a r r i 56 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 5 0 2 0 0 8 . 5 3 1 0 L L K63 8 a r h o l 62 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 2 2 0 4 8.1 2 9 6 L L K64 L a d u v a 63 6 . 7 0 . 5 5 0 . 0 0 . 7 2 364 1 1 . 9 4 1 0 K K H65 G o v i n d p u r 63 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 0 0 . 6 1 2 2 2 7 . 6 2 9 0 L L K66 H a d n e s h u a r p u r 63 6 . 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 5 8 2 1 6 5 . 2 2 9 0 L L h67 S u a e r p u r 63 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 5 0 . 5 4 2 0 6 5 . 3 2 9 5 L L K68 B h u v D e s w a r p u r 64 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 0 . 0 0 . 3 1 1 6 2 6 . 3 2 1 0 L L r

69 N a r a y a n p u r 64 6 . 4 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 8 . 9 2 4 9 L L fLf70 KaJ y a n p u r 65 6 . 8 0 . 2 8 1 . 0 0 . 4 5 1 9 0 8 . 0 2 4 9 L L L71 ?i s h n u p u r 65 6 . 2 0 . 3 7 0 . 0 0 . 6 3 i I t 7 1 ' • t> 2 5 5 L fu H72 S o c p u r i L o v e r ; 66 6 . 3 0 . 4 2 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 2 2 0 5 . 6 2 5 2 L I K*1 1 ‘ J C h a i p a h a g a r 66 6 . 0 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 3 4 2 6 6 6 . 4 4 3 5 K f

U (•;74 C h a n d r a p u r 67 6 . 5 0 . 5 9 1 . 0 0 . 6 2 324 5 . 2 4 1 0 H

rU E“ c

P a i p a p u r 67 6 . 2 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 7 5 1 *i ti i J 8 . 5 2 9 0 L ru H76 S u r a j p u r 68 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 c . o 0 . 2 7 1 5 4 5 . 5 2 1 0 L r

L'Iij

77 G i n a r g a c j 65 6 . 1 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 . 4 5 1 5 0 5 . 6 2 1 0 L jL.

T

75 £efcar t a s j n 65 6 . 4 0 . 3 5 c . o 0 . 7 4 348 5 . 8 4 0 0 H L b

75 P a s J a !; c » e r i 6 . 2 C .21 0 . 0 0 . 5 0 A J J 1 5 . 4 2 6 0 L K H50 G o p i p u : - ; 6 . 2 0 . 3 8 c . c 0 . 5 5 34! ■ - - 4 3 8 Y. V

81 f a i l a s h f u : 77 6 . 5 C .59 0 . 0 0 . 4 2 3 8 4 8. 7 4 6 0 H r.

S2 K r 1 - . - , -K i f l i C i C ■' V 6 . 2 A n Ck . U 1 0 . 5 0 . 6 6 0 ‘ T

t J I 5.1 2 9 0 L u

f j ^ * r. , . f.O u u y u i

* t <• 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 4 2 2 8 t . 8 2 9 0 f

V u X!4

t ^ i d u L i J C ^ i " f 6 . 0 *) £ V . j J 0 . 5 0 . 5 1 2 0 2 8.2 2 8 5 L>

i*

s 3 4 5 6 7 «i. 9 1C 11 1 n 1 '

85 f a i p a p u r 79 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 0 . 5 7 8 . 9 2 6 0 L L r!

86 L a i c b ) 80 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 3 2 1 6 4 7 . 6 2 4 0 ' L L L

87 K a n p u r 80 5.1 0 . 2 7 0 . 0 0 . 7 6 3SS 9 . 5 4 3 0 K L H

88 D e » ] p u r 80 6 . 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 6 4 2 2 8 1 0 . 5 2 9 0 L L K

89 P a c E i s a 81 6 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 . 5 0 . 6 2 2 2 4 8 . 5 2 8 0 " L I K

90 t e i i o m 81 6 . 4 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 6 5 2 3 C 5 . 6 3 0 0 L L K

SI J S a i e E u i n a g a r 83 6 . 4 0 . 1 0 0 . 0 0 . 4 5"c * -ii * j 7 . 3 2 7 0 L L H

92 P a ’ e a 86 6 . 7 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 5 9 2 1 c 1 1 . 8 3 1 0 L H n

93 B h a r a t p u r 87 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 5 2 2 0 4 8 . 9 3 1 0 L L K

94 S a l t a 88 6 . 5 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 0 . 7 8 35c 5.1 4 3 5 K L H

95 D e v a n 89 5 . 6 0 . 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 7 0 34C 8 . 4 4 5 0 M L H

96 s a p i a r a 92 5 . 5 0 . 2 5 0 . 0 0 . 4 6 1 5 2 8 . 3 2 9 0 L L H

97 H a c h . 92 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 0 0 . 7 2 2 6 4 1 2 . 6 3 1 0 H K H

98 G e t a : = 95 6 . 0 0 . 3 5 0 . 5 0 . 4 4 m 8 . 4 2 9 0 L L K

99 P a U a 98 6 . 4 0 . 3 4 0 . 0 0 . 6 9 25! 8.1 3 9 0 H L f

1 0 0 M u l t i 1 0 1 6 . 0 0 . 2 6 0 . 0 0 . 3 3 1 6 t 8 . 5 2 1 0 L L I

f e t a l 6 2 1 . 9 3 3 . 9 6 2 7 . 5 4 8 . 8 9 2 1 7 3 5 92 2 . 8 2 8 0 7 J 8 2 , 1 8 , 0 7 6 , 2 4 , 0 2 7 , 6 1 , 1 2

A v e r a g e 6 . 2 2 0 . 3 4 0 . 2 7 0 . 4 5 2 1 7 . : 9 . 2 3 2 8 0 . 7 - - ' -

l a c c s 5 . 1 - 7 . 0 0 . 1 0 - 0 68 0 . 0 - 1 .0 . 2 1 - . 7 8 1 2 4 - 3 S 5 5 . 1 - 1 8 . 0 1 5 5 - 4 6 0 - - -

samples were rated as medium as the)' fell in the medium categor\

(250 to 400 kg/ha N).

Available Phosphorous :

Available phosphorous varied from 5.1 to 18.0 kg/ha with

a mean value o f 9.23 kg/ha. The minimum and maximum values of

available phosphorous were found in Salka and Karahipara villages

o f the basin respectively.

Considering low’ rating o f available phosphorous as below

10 kg/ha, 76 soil samples fell in this category. Rest 24 surface soil

samples were categorized as medium as they contained available

phosphorous within the range o f 10 to 20 kg/ha.

Available Potassium :

Available K in the area ranged from 155 to 460 kg/ha.

The average value was found to be 280.7 kg/ha available K. The

minimum value of this nutrient w'as observed in Bharuhamuda while

maximum in Kailashpur village.

Available K was found low (below 250 kg/ha) in 27

villages, medium (250 to 400 kg/ha) in 61 villages and high (more

than 400 kg/ha) in 12 villages o f the project.

Soil classification o f all the soil pedons o f Rehan basin

irrigation project is as mentioned in the Table No 2.4 ahead.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Md l

TABLE NO. 2.4Soi l c l a s s i f i c a t i i o n o f a l l the s o i l pedons o f Rehar b a s i n

i r r i g a t i o n p r o j e c t .

3r d e r S u b o r d e r G r e a t g r o u p S u b g r o u p F a i i l y P e d o c P e d o n N o .

E n t i s o l O r t h e n t U s t o r t h e n t T y p i c U s t o r t h e n t F i n e J o a i y , (i) B a s d a i Pi

l i x e d , (ii) B h a i y a t f c a n Pi

b y p e r t h e r i i c ( i i i ) X u s a u s : P?

(iv) P a s l a P m

(v) T i l s i w a P m

L o a i y , l i x e d (1 ) S h i v p r a s a d N a g a r P n

b y p e r t h e r i i c

I n c e p t i sol O c h r e p t U s t o c h r e p t V e r t i c U s t o c h r e p t F i n e , l i x e d , (i) K a i y a n p u r P<

b y p e r t h e r i i c (ii) L a d u w a Pi

( i i i ) P a i p a p u r P n

(iv) T e n d u u a Pi.

D y s t r i c U s t o c h r e p t F i n e , l i x e d , (i) H a n p u r Pi.

b y p e r t h e r i i c

A l f i s o l U s t a l f P a J e u s t a l f U d i c P a l e u s t a l f F i n e l o a i y , (ii D e v N a g a r P:• l i x e d ,

i y p e r t h e r u c

H a p l u s t a l f U l t i c H a p l u s t a l f F i n e l o a i y , (ii K h a r g a w a n Pi

l i x e d , (ii! K u r r i d i h Pi

b y p e r t h e r i i c (ii i J H a s i P,

(iv) H u t k i Pi

(vl P o n d ’ Pi

( vi! S a p X a r a Pi

( v i i ! S o n p u r Pi

( v i i i ) f i s h n u p u r P«

K K F E K F N C K S :

|1] Bray. R.H. and Kurtz. L.T. (1945) : Determination of total

organic and available forms of Phosphorous in soils. Soil

Sci. 59 : 39-45.

[2] Soil Survey Staff (1951) : Soil Survey Manual. USDA Hand

Book No. 18.

[3] Subbiah, S.V. and Asija G.L. (1956) : A rapid procedure

for the estimation o f available nitrogen in soils Curr. Sci.

25 : 259 - 260.

14] USDA (1957) : Soil - The year book o f Agriculture. United

States Department o f Agriculture, Washington.

[51 Bhaumic, H.D. Donahue, R.L. (1964) : Soil acidity and

use of lime in India. ICAR . Publication, Ministry o f Food

and Agriculture, New Delhi.

[6] Motiramani, D.P., Tamboli, P.M. and Mishra V.K. (1965) :

L im ing of Acid Soils o f Madhya Pradesh. Tech. Leaflet

J.N.K..Y.Y., Jabalpur. 1:10.

l^] Muhr. G.R.. Datta. N.P., Shankarsubramaney, H., Leley. Y.K..

and Donahue, R.L. (1965) : Soil Testing in India. L’.S.

Agency for International Develpment Mission to India, New

Delhi.

[8] Piper, C .S. (1966) : Soil and Plant Analysis. Huns

Publishers. Bombay.

[9] Govindarajan, S.V. (1970) : Soil Survey Manual. A ll India

Soil Survey and Land Use Organization. IA R I, New Delhi.

[10] Soil Survey Staff (1975) : Soil taxonomy - A basic system

of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys.

USDA Hand Book No. 436, Washington.

[11] Gupta U.S., Gorantiwar, S.M. and Verma, G.P. (1975) : A

new colorimetric procedure for the determination o f soil org.

carbon J.Ind. Soc. Soil Sc. 23 : 328-331.

[12] Murthy, R.S., Shankranarayana, H.S. and Hirekerur, L.R.

(1976) : Distribution, Genesis and Classification o f Acid soils

o f India. Bull. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 11 : 1-17.

[13] Buol, S.W., Hole, F.D. and McCracken, R.J. (1980) : Soil

Genesis and Classification. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co. New

Delhi.

Gupta, G.P. (1981) : Taxonomy o f soils o f Chambal

Comman Area in Madhya Pradesh. Ph.D. Thesis, J.N.K.V.V.

Jabalpur.

Anonymous (1989) : Soil Survery o f Rehar Basin, Distt.

Surguja. Dept, o f Agriculture. (M.P.)

★ ★ ★ ★ ★