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Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector

Carlos Clemente Cerri

PRESENTATION PLAN

Initial Considerations

Final considerations: carbon footprint

Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector

Meat production

Biofuel production

PRESENTATION PLAN

Initial Considerations

Final considerations: carbon footprint

Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector

Meat production

Biofuel production

Land use change

and agriculture

GHG in BrazilOnly fossil fuel burning 17°

Global Ranking

Fossil fuel burning+ 4°

Land use change and agriculture

GHG

CO2

CH4

N2O

Global

22

55

80

Brazil

75

91

94

Fossil fuelburning

78 25

Emission Sources

Fossil fuelburning

DeforestationEnteric fermentation Management of animal

manure

Extensive animal

production Manure

SOM decomposition

(mineral soils)SOM decomposition

(organic soils)Rice production

Burning of agriculture

residuesLiming

Volatilization and subsequente

N decomposition in the

atmosphere

Lixiviation and N runoffSintetic Fertilizers N biological fixation

Residues from

harvesting

70 15 0.6 4.6 0.3

3.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3

0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 2.1

Relative Distribution (%) of CO2-eq emissions

DeforestationEnteric fermentation Management of animal

manure

Extensive animal

production

Manure

SOM decomposition

(mineral soils)SOM decomposition

(organic soils)Rice production

Burning of agriculture

residuesLiming

Volatilization and subsequente

N decomposition in the

atmosphere

Lixiviation and N runoffSintetic Fertilizers N biological fixation Residues from

harvesting

Relative Distribution (%) of CO2-eq emissions

70 20

PRESENTATION PLAN

Initial Considerations

Final considerations: carbon footprint

Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector

Meat production

Biofuel production

Soybean Mayze Others

Sugarcane Oil crops

Reforestation

5 5 1

4,1 2,6

4,1

Expansion estimates in area (106ha) for the next 10 years

MAPA, 2007

~ 20 Mha

www.sbs.org.br

How to associate agribusinessexpansion and sustainability?

Pasture172 million ha

Agriculture78 million ha Native vegetation

MAPA, 2007

Agricultural expansion 2007 - 2018

Pasture20 million ha

XX

Pasture152 million ha

Expansion20 million ha

Native vegetation

Pasture20 million ha

Agriculture78 million ha

MAPA, 2007

Pasture Expansion

Pasture152 million ha

Expansion20 million ha

48 million haExpansion for

beefproduction

XX

PRESENTATION PLAN

Initial Considerations

Final considerations: carbon footprint

Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector

Meat production

Biofuel production

Emission in the industry

PROCESSING

Emissions during transportation

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

MANAGEMENT

Emissions during planting and

management

PRODUCTION

CO2eq

Emission in the industry

PROCESSING

Emissions during transportation

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

MANAGEMENT

Emissions during planting and

management

PRODUCTION

CO2eq

PHOTOSYNTESYS

MANAGEMENTPRODUCTION

Genetic improvement Rehabilitation of

degraded pastures

ConfinementCrop-livestock

integration

Emissions during planting

and management

N2O

CH4

N2O

CH4

Manure

Extensive Confined / Semi-confined

CO2

Extensive Confined / Semi-confined

N2O

CH4

Energy+

CO2Biodigestor

Manure

CO2

PRESENTATION PLAN

Initial Considerations

Final considerations: carbon footprint

Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector

Meat production

Biofuel production

TRANSPORTATION

MILL

VINASSE

TORTA DE FILTRO

COMPOSTADA

CH4CO2

CO2eq

CO2 CH4N2O

Fonte de energia

CO2

PHOTOSYNTESIS

PLANTING

MANAGEMENT

HARVESTING

FERTI-IRRIGATION

SOLID RESIDUES

BAGASSE ENERGYN2O

CO2

CH4

CH4

CH4

CO2

N2O

CH4

CO2

N2O

PLANTING

• Conventional

• Minimum cultivation

MANAGEMENT

• Fertilizer

• Liming

• Plant protection

• Residue

HARVESTING

• Burning (manual cut)

• No-burning (machinery)

Biodiesel Production and the Carbon Cycle

Combustion

CO2Photosynthesis

Residues

Dead roots

Increase in SOM = increase in soil C stocks

Human Respiration

C R O P S

AGRIBUSINESS

Biomass

Crop residues

Biodiesel Etanol

GREENHOUSE

GASES

ENERGY

Soil carbon

sequestration

Decomposition

Biocombustível TEP

C

OFFSET

FIXATION

Significant role

PRESENTATION PLAN

Initial Considerations

Final considerations: carbon footprint

Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector

Meat production

Biofuel production

http://www.waterfootprint.org/Index.htm

WATER FOOTPRINT

?? kg de CO2 1 kg de carne ?? kg de CO2 1 L de leite

CARBON FOOTPRINT

?? kg de CO2 1 kg de arroz

?? kg de CO2 1 xícara de café

?? kg de CO2 1 kg de miho

?? kg de CO2 1 kg de trigo

PROCESSING

DISTRIBUTION

PRODUCTION

CONSUMPTION

GREENHOUSE

GAS BALANCE

CARBON FOOTPRINT

Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector

Carlos Clemente Cerri