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Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Carlos Clemente Cerri
PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
Land use change
and agriculture
GHG in BrazilOnly fossil fuel burning 17°
Global Ranking
Fossil fuel burning+ 4°
Land use change and agriculture
GHG
CO2
CH4
N2O
Global
22
55
80
Brazil
75
91
94
Fossil fuelburning
78 25
Emission Sources
Fossil fuelburning
DeforestationEnteric fermentation Management of animal
manure
Extensive animal
production Manure
SOM decomposition
(mineral soils)SOM decomposition
(organic soils)Rice production
Burning of agriculture
residuesLiming
Volatilization and subsequente
N decomposition in the
atmosphere
Lixiviation and N runoffSintetic Fertilizers N biological fixation
Residues from
harvesting
70 15 0.6 4.6 0.3
3.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3
0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 2.1
Relative Distribution (%) of CO2-eq emissions
DeforestationEnteric fermentation Management of animal
manure
Extensive animal
production
Manure
SOM decomposition
(mineral soils)SOM decomposition
(organic soils)Rice production
Burning of agriculture
residuesLiming
Volatilization and subsequente
N decomposition in the
atmosphere
Lixiviation and N runoffSintetic Fertilizers N biological fixation Residues from
harvesting
Relative Distribution (%) of CO2-eq emissions
70 20
PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
Soybean Mayze Others
Sugarcane Oil crops
Reforestation
5 5 1
4,1 2,6
4,1
Expansion estimates in area (106ha) for the next 10 years
MAPA, 2007
~ 20 Mha
www.sbs.org.br
How to associate agribusinessexpansion and sustainability?
Pasture172 million ha
Agriculture78 million ha Native vegetation
MAPA, 2007
Agricultural expansion 2007 - 2018
Pasture20 million ha
XX
Pasture152 million ha
Expansion20 million ha
Native vegetation
Pasture20 million ha
Agriculture78 million ha
MAPA, 2007
Pasture Expansion
Pasture152 million ha
Expansion20 million ha
48 million haExpansion for
beefproduction
XX
PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
Emission in the industry
PROCESSING
Emissions during transportation
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MANAGEMENT
Emissions during planting and
management
PRODUCTION
CO2eq
Emission in the industry
PROCESSING
Emissions during transportation
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MANAGEMENT
Emissions during planting and
management
PRODUCTION
CO2eq
PHOTOSYNTESYS
MANAGEMENTPRODUCTION
Genetic improvement Rehabilitation of
degraded pastures
ConfinementCrop-livestock
integration
Emissions during planting
and management
N2O
CH4
N2O
CH4
Manure
Extensive Confined / Semi-confined
CO2
Extensive Confined / Semi-confined
N2O
CH4
Energy+
CO2Biodigestor
Manure
CO2
PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
TRANSPORTATION
MILL
VINASSE
TORTA DE FILTRO
COMPOSTADA
CH4CO2
CO2eq
CO2 CH4N2O
Fonte de energia
CO2
PHOTOSYNTESIS
PLANTING
MANAGEMENT
HARVESTING
FERTI-IRRIGATION
SOLID RESIDUES
BAGASSE ENERGYN2O
CO2
CH4
CH4
CH4
CO2
N2O
CH4
CO2
N2O
PLANTING
• Conventional
• Minimum cultivation
MANAGEMENT
• Fertilizer
• Liming
• Plant protection
• Residue
HARVESTING
• Burning (manual cut)
• No-burning (machinery)
Biodiesel Production and the Carbon Cycle
Combustion
CO2Photosynthesis
Residues
Dead roots
Increase in SOM = increase in soil C stocks
Human Respiration
C R O P S
AGRIBUSINESS
Biomass
Crop residues
Biodiesel Etanol
GREENHOUSE
GASES
ENERGY
Soil carbon
sequestration
Decomposition
Biocombustível TEP
C
OFFSET
FIXATION
Significant role
PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
http://www.waterfootprint.org/Index.htm
WATER FOOTPRINT
?? kg de CO2 1 kg de carne ?? kg de CO2 1 L de leite
CARBON FOOTPRINT
?? kg de CO2 1 kg de arroz
?? kg de CO2 1 xícara de café
?? kg de CO2 1 kg de miho
?? kg de CO2 1 kg de trigo
PROCESSING
DISTRIBUTION
PRODUCTION
CONSUMPTION
GREENHOUSE
GAS BALANCE
CARBON FOOTPRINT
Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Carlos Clemente Cerri