carbon credits
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• Carbon Credits
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Clean technology
1 Environmental finance is a method by which new clean technology
projects that has proven that they are "additional" or "beyond business
as usual" can obtain financing through the generation of carbon
credits
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Social networking service - Finance applications
1 Hub Culture operates a virtual currency Ven (currency)|Ven used for global transactions
among members, product sales and financial trades in commodities and carbon credits.
[ http://blog.americancarbonregistry.org/redd/ameri
can-carbon-registry-offsets-retired-ven-carbon-transaction/ blog.americancarbonregistry.org] In
May 2010, Carbon pricing contracts were introduced to the weighted basket of currencies
and commodities that determine the floating exchange value of Ven
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Social network service - Finance applications
1 Hub Culture operates a virtual currency Ven (currency)|Ven used for global transactions
among members, product sales and financial trades in commodities and carbon credits.
[ http://blog.americancarbonregistry.org/redd/american-carbon-registry-offsets-retired-ven-carbon-transaction/ blog.americancarbonregistry.org] In
May 2010, Carbon pricing contracts were introduced to the weighted basket of currencies
and commodities that determine the floating exchange value of Ven
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Energy resources - Environmental impact
1 Government regulations to internalize these externality|
externalities form an increasing part of doing business, and the trading of carbon credits and pollution credits
on the free market may also result in energy-saving and pollution-control
measures becoming even more important to energy providers.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset
1 The Kyoto Protocol has sanctioned offsets as a way for governments and
private companies to earn carbon credits that can be traded on a
marketplace
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - E.U. market
1 The global carbon market is dominated by the European Union,
where companies that emit greenhouse gases are required to cut
their emissions or buy pollution allowances or carbon credits from the market, under the European
Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS)
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - U.S. market
1 A component of California's own Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, kicked off in early 2013,
requires high-emissions industries to purchase carbon credits to cover
emissions in excess of 25,000 CO2 metric tons.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - Voluntary market
1 ; Retail : Multiple players in the retail market have offerings that enable consumers and businesses to calculate their carbon footprint, most commonly through a web-based
interface including a calculator or questionnaire, and sell them offsets in the amount of that footprint.For a list of commercial offset retailers, refer to In addition many
companies selling products and services, especially carbon-intensive ones such as airline
travel,[http://www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-your-footprint/public/en_gb British Airways Carbon Offset
Program][http://www.continental.com/web/en-US/content/company/globalcitizenship/offset.aspx Continental Airlines
Carbon Offset Program] offer options to bundle a proportional offsetting amount of carbon credits with each
transaction.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - Purchase of carbon allowances from emissions trading schemes
1 Also, as easy carbon credits are coming to an
end,[http://www.altenergymag.com/news_detail.php?pr_id=5079] The latest analysis from New Carbon
Finance confirms that many of the low hanging fruit of cheap carbon
credits in the developing world have now been harvested
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - UK Government Quality Assurance Scheme for Carbon Offsetting
1 * Use of good quality carbon credits i.e. initially those that are Kyoto compliant
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - UK Government Quality Assurance Scheme for Carbon Offsetting
1 * Cancellation of carbon credits within a year of the consumers purchase of the offset
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - Project-offsetting
1 and based on UN data reported that typically 28p goes to the set up and
maintenance costs of an environmental project. 34p goes to the company that takes on the risk
that the project may fail. The project's investors take 19p, with smaller amounts of money being distributed between organisations involved in brokering and auditing
the carbon credits.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - Additionality and lack of regulation in the voluntary market
1 *Industrial companies profiting from doing very little – or from gaining
carbon credits on the basis of efficiency gains from which they
have already benefited substantially.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon offset - Additionality and lack of regulation in the voluntary market
1 *A shortage of verification, making it difficult for buyers to assess the true
value of carbon credits.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Spark spread - Clean spread
1 Let S: spark spread, E: electricity price, G: gas cost, Ng: number of carbon credits necessary to cover
gas operation, Pcc: price of a carbon credit.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Spark spread - Clean spread
1 Let D: dark spread, E: electricity price, C: coal cost, Nc: number of carbon credits necessary to cover
coal operation (2–2.5x that of gas), Pcc: price of a carbon credit.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Spark spread - Clean spread
1 If the price of marginal internal abatement is lower than the price of carbon credits, the firm will choose
internal abatement
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon-neutral
1 'Carbon neutral', or having a 'net zero carbon footprint', refers to achieving net
zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with
an equivalent amount sequestered or offset, or buying enough carbon credits to make up
the difference. It is used in the context of carbon dioxide releasing processes
associated with transportation, energy production, and industrial processes such as
production of carbon neutral fuel.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon-neutral
1 *Carbon offsetting by paying others to remove or sequester 100% of the carbon dioxide emitted from
the atmosphere[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/29/we
ekinreview/29revkin.html?ex=1335499200en=d9e2407e4f1a20f0ei=5124 Carbon-Neutral Is Hip, but Is It Green?], New York
Times, published 2007-04-29, accessed 2007-08-03– for example by forestation|planting trees– or by funding 'carbon projects' that should lead to the
prevention of future greenhouse gas emissions, or by buying carbon credits to remove (or 'retire') them
through emissions trading|carbon trading
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon-neutral - Offsetting
1 The use of Carbon offsets aims to neutralize a certain volume of GHG
emissions by funding projects which should cause an equivalent reduction of GHG
emissions somewhere else, such as tree planting. Under the premise “First reduce what you can, then offset the remainder”,
offsetting can be done by supporting a responsible carbon project, or by buying
carbon offsets or carbon credits.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Subway (rail) - Environmental impacts
1 It is also the first railway project in the world to earn carbon credits after
being registered with the United Nations under the Clean
Development Mechanism, and has so far earned more than 400,000 carbon credits by saving energy through the use of regenerative braking systems
on its trains
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
1 The “carbon credits” generated by these projects could then be used by
industrialised governments and corporations to meet their targets
and/or to be traded within the carbon markets
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation - Concerns
1 IF REDD+ becomes a source of carbon credits
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation - Concerns
1 *The availability of a large supply of potentially cheap carbon credits
could provide an avenue for companies in the developed world to
simply purchase REDD credits without providing meaningful emission reductions at home.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation - Concerns
1 *Large number of carbon credits could swamp developing carbon
markets. However, they could also facilitate ambitious emissions targets
in a post-Kyoto agreement.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Briquette - Biomass briquettes
1 Lanxess India and a few other large companies are supposedly using biomass briquettes for earning
Carbon Credits by switching their boiler fuel
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Emissions trading
1 Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon
credits) equivalent to their emissions
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Emissions trading - Emission markets
1 Other names for emissions permits are carbon credits, Kyoto units,
assigned amount units, and Certified Emission Reduction units (CER)
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Emissions trading - Emission markets
1 Carbon credits at Commodity Exchange Bratislava are traded at
special platform - Carbon place.http://www.carbonplace.eu
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Arnold Schwarzenegger - Environmental record
1 Any power plants that exceed emissions for the amount of carbon credits will have to purchase more
credits to cover the difference
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Climate change in New Zealand
1 An New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme|emissions trading scheme
has been established and from 1 July 2010, the energy and liquid fossil fuel sectors have obligations to
report emissions and to obtain and surrender emissions units (carbon
credits).
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Individual and political action on climate change - Contraction and Convergence
1 A trading regime, whereby which countries in excess of these figures (from example the Greenhouse gas
emissions by the United States|US at 20 tonnes per capita), purchase
carbon credits from a country using less than its allocation (e.g
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Clean Development Mechanism - Outline
1 If a project is registered and implemented, the EB issues credits, called Certified Emission Reductions (CERs, commonly known as carbon
credits, where each unit is equivalent to the reduction of one metric tonne
of CO2e, e.g
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Clean Development Mechanism - Financial issues
1 The seller could get a very good price if it agrees to bear the risk that the project's baseline and monitoring methodology is
rejected; that the host country rejects the project; that the CDM Executive Board rejects the project; that the project for some reason
produces fewer credits than planned; or that the buyer doesn't get CERs at the agreed time if the
international transaction log (the technical infrastructure ensuring international transfer of
carbon credits) is not in place by then
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Clean Development Mechanism - Coal thermal power generation in India and China
1 In September 2012, the Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism adopted rules
confirming that new coal thermal power generation plants could be registered as CDM
projects and could use the simplified rules called 'Programmes of Activities'. The
organisation CDM-Watch described the decision as inconsistent with the objective of the CDM as it subsidised the construction of new coal power
plants. CDM-Watch described the CERs that would be issued as non-additional dirty carbon
credits.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Water footprint - Criticism
1 Water Credit for conserving water: Nagpur based innovator Shripad
Vaidya's idea of giving water credit's, much like carbon credits, to those who save and conserve water is
gaining ground
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit
1 Carbon credits and carbon markets are a component of national and international
attempts to mitigate the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs).
One carbon credit is equal to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide, or in some markets, carbon dioxide equivalent gases. Carbon trading is an application of an emissions trading approach.
Greenhouse gas emissions are capped and then markets are used to allocate the emissions
among the group of regulated sources.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit
1 Buyers and sellers can also use an exchange platform to trade, such as the Carbon Trade Exchange, which is
like a stock exchange for carbon credits
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - Background
1 The concept of carbon credits came into existence as a result of
increasing awareness of the need for controlling emissions. The IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has observed
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - Emission allowances
1 Operators that have not used up their quotas can sell their unused
allowances as carbon credits, while businesses that are about to exceed
their quotas can buy the extra allowances as credits, privately or on
the open market.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - Emission markets
1 Carbon credits at Commodity Exchange Bratislava are traded at
special platform - Carbon place.http://www.carbonplace.eu
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - Setting a market price for carbon
1 Unchecked, energy use and hence emission levels are predicted to keep rising over time. Thus the number of
companies needing to buy credits will increase, and the rules of supply
and demand will Elasticity (economics)|push up the market
price, encouraging more groups to undertake environmentally friendly activities that create carbon credits
to sell.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - How buying carbon credits can reduce emissions
1 Carbon credits create a market for reducing greenhouse emissions by giving a monetary value to the cost
of polluting the air. Emissions become an internal cost of doing business and are visible on the balance sheet alongside raw
materials and other liabilities or assets.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - How buying carbon credits can reduce emissions
1 Instead it may choose to buy carbon credits on the open market from
organizations that have been approved as being able to sell
legitimate carbon credits.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - Credits versus taxes
1 Carbon credits and carbon taxes each have their
advantages and disadvantages
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - Creating real carbon credits
1 Many criticisms of carbon credits stem from the fact that establishing that an emission of CO2-equivalent
greenhouse gas has truly been reduced involves a complex process
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon credit - Additionality and its importance
1 Carbon projects that yield strong financial returns even in the absence
of revenue from carbon credits; or that are compelled by regulations; or that represent common practice in
an industry are usually not considered additional, although a full
determination of additionality requires specialist review.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Biomass briquettes - Use in developing world
1 The major use of biomass briquettes in India, is in industrial applications usually to produce steam. A lot of conversions of boilers from FO to
biomass briquettes have happened over the past decade. A vast majority
of those projects are registered under CDM (Kyoto Protocol), which
allows for users to get carbon credits.http://agrofuelindia.com
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Biomass briquettes - Use in developing world
1 The use of biomass briquettes is strongly encouraged by issuing carbon credits
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Renewable energy in Africa - Potential funding sources
1 It has been proposed that for every unit of African origin carbon
consumed by the European market, a predetermined amount green credits or carbon credits would be yielded.
[http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Britain_Urges_Global_Carbon_Trading_To
_Spur_Eco_Healthy_Growth.html Britain Urges Global Carbon Trading
To Spur Eco-Healthy Growth], Aziakou G
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Payment for ecosystem services - Additional examples
1 Carbon credits are generated by planting native trees to capture, or Carbon sequestration|sequester,
carbon dioxide
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon emission trading - Voluntary surrender of units
1 The British organization Climakind accepts donations and uses them to buy and
cancel European Allowances, the carbon credits traded in the European Union
Emission Trading System. It is argued that this removes the credits from the carbon
market so they cannot be used to allow the emission of carbon and that this reduces the 'cap' on emissions by reducing the number of credits available to emitters.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon emission trading - Voluntary surrender of units
1 The British organisation Sandbag (non-profit organisation)|Sandbag
promotes cancelling carbon credits in order to lower emissions trading
caps. As of August 2010, Sandbag states that it has cancelled carbon
credits equivalent to 2145 tonnes of .
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon emission trading - Voluntary surrender of units
1 British activist Merrick Godhaven has criticised Sandbag's approach of
voluntarily cancelling carbon credits because it would require millions of
pounds to be effective and because it signals acceptance of carbon trading,
a system designed by polluters
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon emission trading - Criticisms
1 In China some companies started artificial production of greenhouse gases with sole purpose
of their recycling and gaining carbon credits. Similar practices happened in India. Earned credit
were then sold to companies in US and Europe.[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=carbon-credits-system-tarnished-wikileaks Carbon-Credits System Tarnished by WikiLeaks Revelation][http://euobserver.com/884/31347
Imminent EU proposals to clamp down on fridge gas scam]
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Personal carbon trading - Proposals
1 Individuals who exceed their allocation (i.e. those who want to use more emissions
credits than they have been given) would be able to purchase additional credits from those
who use less, so individuals that are under allocation would profit from their small carbon
footprint. There are two types of carbon credits, Certified Emission Reduction credits EUAs and CERs and Verified Carbon Credits. [http://advancedglobaltrading.com/carbon-
credits/ Types of Carbon Credits]
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
GreenQloud - Founding
1 Most hosting companies buy carbon credits|carbon offset credits as a
green marketing measure, and host data at multiple data centers on
different continents as the solution for international sites
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Synfuel - CTL/CBTL/BTL economics
1 According to a December 2007 study, a medium scale (30,000 BPD) coal-to-liquids plant (CTL)
sited in the US using bituminous coal, is expected to be competitive with oil down to
roughly $52–56/bbl crude-oil equivalent. Adding carbon capture and sequestration to the project was expected to add an additional $10/BBL to the required selling price, though this may be
offset by revenues from enhanced oil recovery, or by tax credits, or the eventual sale of carbon
credits.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group - General Facts
1 Reliance power has become the first Indian company to earn Carbon
credits, United Nations registered Reliance Power’s Sasan power
project to earn as many as 22.5 million credits in the next 10 years,
the UN Clean Development Mechanism, the world’s second- biggest greenhouse gas market
issues tradable credits to emission-busting projects in developing
countries.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Halomethane - Hydrofluoro compounds (HFC)
1 Thornton says that many countries are needlessly producing these chemicals just to get the carbon
credits
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Social networking website - Finance applications
1 Hub Culture operates a virtual currency Ven (currency)|Ven used for global transactions
among members, product sales and financial trades in commodities and carbon credits.
[http://blog.americancarbonregistry.org/redd/american-carbon-registry-offsets-retired-ven-
carbon-transaction/ blog.americancarbonregistry.org] In May 2010, Carbon pricing contracts were introduced to the weighted basket of currencies and commodities that determine the floating exchange value of
Ven
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Institute of Certified Management Accountants
1 In June 2008, ICMA introduces THE INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED CARBON ANALYSTS AND AUDITORS (ICCAA). The principal object of the ICCAA is
therefore, to advance, promote, measure, regulate and provide assurance certification of carbon credits for the effective implementation
of emissions trading systems aimed at encouraging participation in carbon credit
markets by its members to improve environmental sustainability and provide
solutions to reducing the greenhouse effect and resultant climate change.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Alternative investments
1 [http://www.webcitation.org/5tLYC0QUt Archived here.] and some financial assets such as commodities, private equity, distressed
securities, hedge funds, carbon credits,[http://www.cdmgoldstandard.org/frequent
ly-asked-questions/carbon-market CER's as investment] venture capital, film
production[http://www.cnbc.com/id/39342145/Investing_In_The_Big_Screen_Can_Be_A_Profitable_St
ory Investing In The Big Screen Can Be A Profitable Story by Shelly Schwartz] CNBC, 18
October 2010
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NHL Players' Association - Paul Kelly era (2007–2009)
1 On December 7, 2007, the NHLPA and the David Suzuki Foundation decided to create a pact, led by
Boston Bruins defenceman Andrew Ference, which had over 500 NHL players signed up to donate $290
annually to purchase carbon credits in order to offset their regular season
travel.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Mechanical biological treatment - Biological processing
1 *Carbon credits – additional revenues
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Climate engineering - Governance
1 A small number carbon offsetting firms have in the past attempted to
set up unregulated and unsupervised geoengineering projects. In the long-
run such firms may aim to sell carbon credits to individuals, firms or
countries.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Environmental impact of meat production - Animal waste
1 The US EPA estimates that as of July 2010, 157 manure digester systems for biogas energy were in operation on commercial-
scale US livestock facilities.http://www.epa.gov/agstar/documen
ts/digester_status_report2010.pdf System cost is substantial, relative to US energy
values, which may be a deterrent to more widespread use, although additional factors, such as odor control and carbon credits, may
improve benefit /cost ratios.NRCS
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Online shopping rewards - A Typology
1 Instead of cash back or loyalty program|points these websites offer carbon credits (also known as carbon
offsets) or green gadgets to encourage consumers to shop with particular retailers or make changes
to their lifestyle.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
No-till farming - Profit, economics, yield
1 Some large energy corporations which are among the greatest generators of
fossil-fuel-related pollution may purchase carbon credits, which can encourage
farmers to engage in conservation tillage.[http://www.extension.umn.edu/extensionnews/2005/carboncredits07.html ] Under such schemes, the farmers' land is legally redefined as a carbon sink for the power
generators' emissions
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
CDM Gold Standard
1 Its objective is to add branding, a label to existing and new Carbon
Credits generated by projects which can then be bought and traded by countries that have a binding legal commitment according to the Kyoto
Protocol.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
CDM Gold Standard - Scholarly Recognition Critique
1 Existing evidence suggests that the Gold Standard does not always
achieve to police effectively companies' misuse of the standard's
label (making it difficult to know whether actually carbon credits
associated with the standard through Gold Standard labels have actually
undergone the Gold Standard certification process).Lippert, I
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Certified Emission Reduction
1 'Certified Emission Reductions' (CERs) are a type of emissions unit (or carbon credits) issued by the Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM) Executive Board for emission reductions achieved by CDM projects
and verified by a DOE under the rules of the Kyoto Protocol.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
European Union Emission Trading Scheme
1 The price of EU ETS carbon credits has been lower than intended, with a large surplus of allowances, in part because of the impact of the recent Great Recession in Europe|economic
crisis on demand
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
European Union Emission Trading Scheme - Mechanisms
1 Like the Kyoto trading scheme, EU ETS allows a regulated operator to use carbon credits in the form of
Emission Reduction Units (ERU) to comply with its obligations
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Flexible mechanisms - Project-based mechanisms
1 The project-based mechanisms allow Annex I countries with efficient, low GHG-emitting
industries, and high prevailing environmental standards to purchase carbon credits on the world market instead of reducing greenhouse gas emissions domestically. Annex I countries typically will want to acquire carbon credits as cheaply as possible, while non-Annex I countries want to maximize the value of
carbon credits generated from their domestic greenhouse gas reducing projects.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Flexible mechanisms - Carbon market
1 Since allowances and carbon credits are tradeable instruments with a
transparent price, financial investors can buy them on the spot market for speculation purposes, or link them to
futures contracts
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Flexible mechanisms - Carbon market
1 The CDM allows the creation of new carbon credits by developing
emission reduction projects in non-annex I countries, while JI allows
project-specific credits to be converted from existing credits
within annex I countries
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Flexible mechanisms - Carbon market
1 The fact that some of these initiatives have similar approaches to
certifying their credits makes it possible that carbon credits in one
market may in the long run be tradeable in other schemes
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Convention Centre Dublin - Construction
1 It is the first carbon-neutral convention centre in the world because of its use of low-carbon cement and the offsetting of
unavoidable carbon emissions by purchasing carbon credits in accordance
with the Voluntary Carbon Standard. It also features a Heat exchanger|thermal-wheel
heat-recovery system and an Thermal energy storage#Air conditioning|ice-storage thermal unit to provide air conditioning for
the building.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Climate Care - LifeStraw Carbon for Water Project
1 ClimateCare partnered with health company Vestergaard Frandsen to develop this project that uses carbon finance to fund provision of
safe water to 4.5million people in Western Kenya. The project was the first in the world to link carbon credits with water provision at
scale and has won awards including the Carbon Finance Transaction of the Year award
2012.http://climatecare.org/climatecare-supported-project-wins-carbon-finance-
transaction-of-the-year/
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Climate Care - AquaClara Project
1 Funds generated through the sale of carbon credits make this project possible and, as a result, 18,750
families will have safe water by May 2017 cutting an expected 50,000
tonnes of CO2 every year.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Supplementarity
1 Emissions trading basically refers to the trading of emissions allowances
(carbon credits) between one regulated entity and a less pollutive
entity. This trading of permits results in a marginal economic disincentive
to the buyer and a marginal economic incentive the abater.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Gas flare - Impacts of waste flaring associated gas from oil drilling sites and other facilities
1 That may seem to be insignificant, but in perspective it is more than half of the
Certified Emissions Reductions (a type of carbon credits) that have been issued under
the rules and mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol as of June
2011.[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21032487~menuPK:34480~pagePK:64257043~piPK:43737
6~theSitePK:4607,00.html Global Gas Flaring Reduction]
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Kyoto Protocol and government action - New Zealand
1 New Zealand may meet this target by 'either' reducing emissions 'or' by
obtaining carbon credits from the international market or from
domestic carbon sinks
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative - Carbon auctions start in 2008
1 The Memorandum of Understanding commits states to invest 25% of revenue from carbon credits to energy efficiency and strategic
energy schemes.[http://www.rggi.org/about/history/mou] This revenue is received by auctioning credits from the state
budget to compliance entities
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative - Carbon auctions start in 2008
1 RGGI sold carbon credits on Thursday, September 25, 2008, in
the first of a series of quarterly online auctions
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
BlueNext - China
1 This information is to be sourced from the China Beijing Environmental
Exchange.[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124528865769526163.html BlueNext, China
Exchange Partner on Carbon Credits][http://www.exchange-handbook.co.uk/index.cfm?section=newsaction=detailid=83357 World's Biggest Carbon Offset Exchange Comes One Step Closer To Reality As NYSE’s BlueNext
And China-Beijing Environmental Exchange Sign China Partnership]
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Tree credits
1 'Tree credits' is concept of community-based agroforestry whereby the tree planting|tree
planter/ caretaker is rewarded during several years for her/his ecological services|climate services. The system has been developed in response to the need for a simple way to get carbon credits to the individual planter with a
minimum of overheads. And to simplify implementation and monitoring of such
projects by using for-profit methods, much like microfinance.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Carbon project - Operation
1 The second option is to purchase carbon credits within an emissions trading scheme
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Bank of New Zealand - Sustainability
1 In July 2010 Bank of New Zealand became the first bank in New Zealand to become
carbon neutral. The achievement was announced in September 2010 after a
three-year initiative to reduce emissions through greater energy and vehicle
efficiency, encouraging changed behaviour by employees at work and at home and
through offsetting of unavoidable emissions by purchasing quality carbon credits.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Picsearch - Environmental policy
1 # Picsearch buys carbon credits equivalent to all the energy that
Picsearch consumes.[http://about.picsearch.com/p_releases/the-worlds-first-carbon-free-search-engine/ The world’s first search engine, Picsearch]. March 22,
2007. Retrieved on July 11, 2007.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India - Need for Dedicated Freight Corridor Project
1 Carbon emission reduction may help
DFCCIL to claim carbon credits.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Pizza Fusion - Green building methods
1 The chain offsets 100% of the power consumption in its locations by using purchasing carbon credits and using environmentally sustainable building practices. The restaurant delivery drivers use hybrid electric vehicles.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation - History
1 DMRC has made it compulsory to wear safety helmets on construction
sites. It also earns carbon credits with rainwater harvesting at metro
stations and runs an HIV/AIDS programme for
workers.http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2012/09/26/india-showing-jakarta-how-metros-are-done/
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Low carbon - Rationale and aims
1 EU emission trading system allows companies to buy international
carbon credits, thus the companies can channel clean technologies to promote other countries to adopt
low-carbon developments.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Chicago Climate Exchange - Climate Exchange PLC
1 In November 2010, the Climate Exchange stated that it would cease trading carbon credits at the end of 2010, although carbon exchanges
will still be facilitated.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Chicago Climate Exchange - Components of the Trading System
1 Farmers Union had earned approval from the Chicago Climate Exchange to aggregate
carbon credits
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Free Press Summer Fest - Helping The Environment
1 A recycling plan (with assistance from Little Joy Recycling) is
implemented to sort aluminum, plastic, paper and glass. A free bottle
of water is given to anyone who recycles 10 plastic bottles. All carbon output is balanced by Carbon credits|carbon offset credits. Carpooling and
bicycling to the festival are encouraged. Over 2000 attendees
biked to the 2009 festival.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Jungle Island - Environmental efforts
1 In addition to avoiding the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, Jungle Island purchases carbon credits to offset
special events.[http://miami.going.com/event-744621;Earth_Miami_on_Jungle_Island Earth Miami On
Jungle Island] Jungle Island also plays host to a number of large environmental conferences and events - including
the annual Gateway To Green,[http://www.miamigov.com/cms/comm/1724_5996.
asp City of Miami Gateway To Green] Energy Smart Florida,[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-07-30/busin
ess/fl-business-networking-0802-20100730_1_martini-networking-npi-delray-mornings-work-e-mail-ssabra-
kahaneandassociates Sun Sentinel Business Networking In South Florida] and Earth Miami.
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First Rudd Government - Environment and energy management
1 In October 2007, the then Prime Minister John Howard said that Labor's policy on climate
change negotiations had no significant differences to the Liberals' policy. At the time,
econometric research suggested that providers of carbon credits which had been accredited under the voluntary Australian Greenhouse Office trading scheme were
capable of stabilising emissions, such was the demand from households for carbon-neutral
products.
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Live Earth (2007 concert) - Background
1 The event was claimed to be carbon neutral, and organisers said they would purchase carbon credits to
offset the environmental impact of the flights associated with the
events.
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Jagat Prakash Nadda - Political Career as Minister of different Portfolios
1 He along with other sr. leaders visited Costa Rica to learn about
carbon neutrality. Under his leadership Himachal became the first
state in country to demand carbon credits in lieu of green house gases being absorbed by the state’s green
cover.
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Biofuel in the United Kingdom - Asia
1 One salient feature of the policy is to create an environment conducive to investments through the provision of the following incentives: (a)
duty-free importation of renewable energy (RE) machinery, equipment and materials over the initial 10 years through the issuance of
certifications to RE developers; (b) duty-free importation of farm machinery and agricultural inputs during the initial 10 years from the effectivity of the Renewable Energy law; (c) income tax holidays over
the first seven years of commercial operation; (d) accelerated depreciation if an RE fails to receive an ITH before full operation; (e)
cash incentives from RE Developers for Missionary Electrification, i.e., 50% of the universal charge for power needed to service missionary
areas; (f) corporate tax rates of 10% on its net taxable income after the initial seven-year ITH period; (g) tax exemptions for carbon credits; (h)
special realty tax rates of not more than 1.5% on equipment and machinery, civil works, and other improvements; and (i) net operating
loss carry-over (NOLCO) during the first three years of commercial operation will be deductible from gross income over the next seven
years of operation
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REDD - Not REDD+
1 CCBA, VCS) and with carbon credits traded on the international voluntary carbon market
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
REDD - REDD+ in the carbon market
1 This would require Annex I countries to agree to deeper cuts in emissions of
greenhouse gases in order to create a market for the carbon credits from REDD+, which is unlikely to happen soon given the
current state of negotiations in the COP, but even then there is the fear that the market
will be flooded with carbon credits, depressing the price to levels where REDD+ is no longer an economically viable option
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Social and environmental impact of palm oil - Carbon credit programs
1 Oil palm producers are eligible to take part in Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) programs in which developed nations invest in clean
energy projects in developing nations to earn carbon credits to offset their own greenhouse gas emissions and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
worldwide.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Emissions cap system
1 Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon
credits) equivalent to their emissions
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Conservation in New Zealand - Deforestation
1 Perhaps due to the government's initial control over REDD and the trade in carbon credits there was
initially an increase in deforestation and it was not until private forestry owners gained access to the trading scheme and to carbon credits that
the scheme started to produce reductions in deforestation.
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Bonobo Conservation Initiative
1 Under the Bonobo Conservation Initiative, a reforestation project is planned for the
Maringa-Lopori-Wamba Landscape around the Luo Scientific Reserve in an attempt to counter the destruction of
bonobo habitat and increase areas where the bonobo are protected. will be replanted, forming corridors to link existing patches of forest, with the
project funded by sale of carbon credits.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Deforestation in Nigeria
1 In REDD the countries are able to receive much more money in the
form of carbon credits which can be spent on more environmentally safe
practices.http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0629-
niles_new_idea_to_save_forests.html
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Climate Change Act 2008 - Environmental groups
1 The UK arm of World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF supported the Bill, but launched its Get on
Board campaign for the 2050 carbon reduction target to be raised to at least 80%, including the
UK share of emissions from international aviation shipping. In addition, WWF-UK called for retention of the House of Lords' amendment that at least 70% of the UK's reduction should be achieved domestically (limiting to 30% the
proportion of the reduction that can be achieved through purchasing 'carbon credits').
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Climate Change Act 2008 - Environmental groups
1 They also considered that the Bill should include annual 3% reduction targets, cover aviation and shipping
within its scope, and ban the purchase of carbon credits from overseas, a practice which they believe exports the emissions
problem elsewhere.
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Climate Change Act 2008 - Environmental groups
1 The Joint Public Issues Team of the Baptist Union of Great Britain|Baptist, Methodist Church of Great Britain|Methodist, and United Reformed Church|
United Reformed churches called for an 80% reduction in carbon emissions [by 2050], for not
ignoring the contribution of air and sea travel, and for reductions of the United Kingdom’s own
emissions rather than relying on buying carbon credits from other
countries.[http://jointpublicissues.org.uk/jpitenvironment.htm Joint Public Issues Team of the churches:
briefing on the Climate Change Bill (December 2007)]
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Shangri-La (novel) - Ishida Finance
1 MEDUSA is originally believed to be the only program in the world that can perform these manipulations of Carbon Credits, but it seems that
there are other programs similar to it operating across the globe
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Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited
1 The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has been certified by the United Nations as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get carbon
credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping in reducing
pollution levels in the city by 630,000 tonnes every
year.[http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/article2486634.ece Cities
/ Delhi : Delhi Metro gets UN certification]
https://store.theartofservice.com/the-carbon-credits-toolkit.html
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited - Environment and aesthetics
1 It is also the first railway project in the world to earn carbon credits after
being registered with the United Nations under the Clean
Development Mechanism, and has so far earned 400,000 carbon credits by
saving energy through the use of regenerative braking systems on its
trains
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Peat swamp forest - The Problem
1 Rather than reducing deforestation - in terms of claiming carbon credits
from REDD initiatives - peatland conservation and rehabilitation are more efficient undertakings, due to the much larger reduced emissions
achievable per unit area and the much lower opportunity costs
involved.Mathai, J
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