campylobacter jejuni and you

Veronica Brock, Ph.D. student Veronica Brock, Ph.D. student Walden UniversityWalden University

PUBH 8165-x PUBH 8165-x Instructor: Dr. Raymond ThronInstructor: Dr. Raymond Thron

Summer, 2012Summer, 2012

Campylobacter jejuni and you

This presentation focuses on methods to increase the

publics knowledge of campylobacter jejuni in the community. It offers some suggestions on how to prevent the spread of this bacteria. This presentation is directed to the conventional consumer.

One of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea in the United States is Campylobacter, with over 2 million cases each year (Center for Disease Control, 2011).

Campylobacter is now the leading cause human gastroenteritis in many developing countries with enteritis in humans caused mainly by Campylobacter Jejuni (Hermans, et al., 2011). Three times more infective than Salmonella.

Campylobacter jejuni (C jejuni) is accountable for more than 90% of human campylobacteriosis (Hwang, Jeon, Yun, & Ryu, 2011)

Cause of travelers diarrhea Associated with enteric illness

The leading cause of food poisoning in humansGram negative bacteria s-shaped or spiral rodsA polar tail at one or both ends

Most people who become infected with C. jejuni develop fever, diarrhea and abdominal cramping within three to five days of exposure (Center for Disease Control, 2010). Stools may be bloody. The course of the infection may last 7-10 days (Food Safety.Gov).

Headache, right lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, tenesmus

Although rare, studies have established a relationship between Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and C. jejuni infection, which showed that one-fourth to one-third of GBS patients developed the syndrome after being infected (Yuki, et al., 2004).

Meningitis, recurrent colitis, acute cholecystitis are also rare complications of C.jejuni infections (U.S. Food and drug Administration, 2012) and

Death

Mode of transmission

Untreated Untreated waterwater

Inadequately cooked poultry

Unpasteurized milk

Most cases are isolated sporadic events, caused by eating raw or uncooked food, not as outbreaks (Center for Disease Control, 2010)

Which makes the most efficient route between chance of exposure and case of exposure

YOU

EMERGING RESISTANCE

Fluoroquinolone resistance is now recognized as an emerging public health problem (Engberg, Aarestrup, Taylor, Gerner-Smidt, & Nachamkin, 2001)

There is evidence that an acquired immunity has been obtained from studies in industrialized countries.

Resistance to colonization was seen in children in developing countries accompanied by a shift in the illness-to-infection ratio for children between 2-5 years of age.

THE BEST DEFENSEPREVENTION

FSIS

USDA

HCCPS

Agencies working to prevent the spread of

C. jejeuni

Preventing the spread of infection would include washing surfaces between cutting foods, washing your hands frequently, thoroughly cooking meats.

CDC - Campylobacter, General Information - NCZVED

http://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/campylobacter/index.html

http://culinaryarts.about.com/od/commonfoodbornepathogens/p/campylobacter.htm

For more information on causes and preventing C. jejuni visit these websites

STAY WELL

REFRENCESCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003, February). Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Retrieved July 24, 2012, from Floroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates in travelers returning to Finland. Association of ciprofloxacin resistance to travel destination: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/2/02-0227_article.htm

Center for Disease Control. (2010, July 20). National center for emerging and zoonotic infections diseases. Retrieved July 1, 2012, from Center for disease control and prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/campylobacter/

Center for Disease Control. (2011, February 9). PulseNet Pathogens-Campylobacter jejuni. Retrieved July 1, 2012, from Center for disease control and prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/pulsenet/pathogens_pages/campylobacter_jejuni.htm

Engberg, J., Aarestrup, F. M., Taylor, D. E., Gerner-Smidt, P., & Nachamkin, I. (2001). Quinolone and Mcrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli: Resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates. Emerging Infectious Diseases , 24-34.

Food Safety.Gov. (n.d.). Food poisoning-Causes. Retrieved July 1, 2012, from Campylobacter: http://www.foodsafety.gov/poisoning/causes/bacteriaviruses/campylobacter/index.html

Hermans, D., Van Deun, K., Martel, A., Van Immerseel, F., Messens, W., Heyndrickx, M., et al. (2011). Colonization factors of Campylobacter jejuni in the chicken gut. Veterinary Research , DOI:10.1186/1297-9716-42-82.

Refrences Continued

Hwang, S., Jeon, B., Yun, J., & Ryu, S. (2011). Roles of RpoN in the resistance of Campylobacter jejuni under various stress conditions. BMC Microbiology , DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-11-207.

U.S. Food and drug Administration. (2012, April 3). BBB-Campylobacter jejuni. Retrieved July 1, 2012, from Foodborne pathogenic microorgnisms and national toxins handbook: http://www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety/foodborneillness/foodborneillnessfoodbornepathogensnaturaltoxins/badbugbook/ucm070024.htm

United Stated Department of Agriculture. (2011, August 17). Fact Sheets: Foodborne Illness & disease. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from Food Safety and Inspection Service: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Factsheets/Campylobacter_Questions_and_Answers/index.asp

United Stated Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Research Projects Database. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from National Research Database: http://fsrio.nal.usda.gov/nal_web/fsrio/advsearch.php?PROJECT_KEYWORDS=campylobacter&SEARCHTYPES=PROJECT_KEYWORDS&MATCHTYPE=ALLWORDS&investigator=&cat_mode=or&f2t_cat_mode=or&limit=10&VIEWTYPE=BRIEF&submit=Search&_qf__usersearch=true&offset=0

References Continued

Viray, M., & Lynch, M. (2011, July 1). Travelers Health: Chapter 3 Infectious Disease. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from Center for Disease Control and Prevention: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2012/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/campylobacter-enteritis.htm

Yuki, N., Susuki, K., Koga, M., Nishimoto, Y., Odaka, M., Hirata, K., et al. (2004). Carbohydrate mimicry between human ganglioside GM1 and campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide causes Gullian-Barre syndrome. Immunology , DOI:10.1073/pnas.0402391101.