calorie water harvesting

WATER HARVESTING & MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED BY, GOKUL.S, NASHIKA NILOFAR.M

SURENDRAN.K , AEC&RI – KUMULUR, TRICHY – 621712.

STATISTICS OF RAINFALL AMOUNT IN INDIA DURING 2009 & 2011 When we consider the amount of rainfall in

the year 2011 & 2009, year 2011 got the highest rainfall

But still we are lacking total amount of water supply

NON-AVAILABILITY OF WATER Due to global warming.

Due to population explosion.

Due to rapid industrialization.

WHAT IS WATER HARVESTING It means capturing rain where it falls or

capturing the run off in your own village or town.

And taking measures to keep that water clean by not allowing polluting activities to take place in the catchment.

WHY SHOULD WE CONSERVE WATER

The Earth is pretty much a “closed system” which neither gains nor loses any matter, including water.

The demand of water is increasing due to population

explosion and increase in usage of appliances that consume more water.

Discharge from industries and faulty / inefficient sewage water treatment has lead to pollution of our rivers and lakes.

Purification of water for drinking purpose and pumping of water to our taps costs money.

STEPS TO BE TAKEN TO CONSERVE WATER

Surface water like rivers, lakes, tanks, ponds.

Ground water like open wells, bore well.

Rainwater which is the purest of all the sources.

RAIN PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE Rain -primary source of water. Rivers, lakes and groundwater - secondary

sources of water.

WAYS OF WATER HARVESTING Rooftops. Local catchments. Local streams. Watershed management.

HOW MUCH WATER CAN BE HARVESTED

URBAN SCENARIO: The total amount of water that is received in

the form of rainfall over an area is called the rainwater endowment of the area.

Water harvesting potential = Rainfall (mm) x

Collection efficiency

HOW MUCH WATER CAN BE HARVESTED

RURAL SCENARIO: India's total land area - 300 million hectares.

Total number of villages – 5,87000. Runoff harvesting – 200 million hectares of

land excluding forests, high mountains and uninhabited terrains (340 hectares).

Rainfall endowment – 3.75 billion litres of water.

MANAGING WATER IN URBAN AREAS Urban centres- agriculture must compete

with industry and municipal users for safe water supplies.

Traditional water sources are becoming polluted with urban wastewater.

There is usually wastewater from kitchens and toilets along with rainwater runoff.

Developing countries tend to have the lowest levels of wastewater treatment.

Scientists have been working to find ways to reduce contamination of food using a method called the ‘MULTIPLE BARRIER- APPROACH’.

EFFECTIVE CAPTURING OF RAINWATER Capture water from roadside,

Capture from over-bridges & flyovers, Capturing water from bus stands & bus stops

.

EFFORTS TO BE TAKEN Increase the harvesting of rainwater at the

city level by protecting and regenerating the tanks and ponds.

Promote individual rainwater harvesting projects at the colony and household level.

Ensure by law that all commercial users are required to harvest; redistribute the water supply across the city to ensure equity.

QUALITY Contamination of rainwater due to

microscopic germs and other pollutants is considered for TREATMENT.

Rainwater harvested from roofs can contain human, animal &bird faeces, mosses and lichens, particulates pollution.

The water may need to be analysed properly, and used in a way appropriate to its safety .such method is called solar water disinfection.

FUTURE OF WATER RESOURCE

Will ELECTRICITY and WATER sustain for

future?

Will the need of human and environment be

satisfied?

Will global climate change and impact of

management allow us to make decision?

WATER MANAGEMENT Water is the life line of all living beings on

earth. Water is required not only by human beings but also by all living beings. The responsibility of conservation of water begins with all of us.

CONCLUSION Rainwater harvesting can recharge the

declining groundwater levels in cities. Data from 11 rainwater harvesting projects

spread across Delhi shows an increase of 5 to10 metres in the groundwater levels over two years.

THANK YOU………….FOR YOUR PATIENT LISTENING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.unep.or.jp/ http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/ salah@cseindia.org; Satyameva jeyate-episode 12